1、高考英语重难点突破训练阅读理解之说明文高考英语重难点突破训练A team of international scientists is due to set off for the worlds biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey( BAS), are trying to reac
2、h a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68-which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a ra
3、ce against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission.“The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change,” she said. “It is
4、 important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water.”Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, “We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and theres lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important sci
5、ence, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. “Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold an
6、d not the warm, those species are going to either move or die.”There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise.
7、 The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, “At the current rate, the worlds ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.” However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the accelera
8、tion since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.1. Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography
9、 of the Larsen C ice shelf.2. What do the underlined words “this one” in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.3. What can we learn about the A68 iceber
10、g from the text?A. It is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The i
11、ce sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。1
12、. B【解析】细节理解题。由第二段Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light.可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。故选B。2. C【解析】词义猜测题。由第三段The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life.可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究
13、海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以Professor David Vaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故this one指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。故选C。3. D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段which is four times bigger than London可知A选项错误。由第四段Larsen C is a long way south and theres lots of sea ice in the area可知拉森C冰架位于南极地区，B选项错误。由第一段to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden
14、 for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.可知D选项正确。C选项在文中没有提到。4. D【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段At the current rate, the worlds oceans will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.可推测D选项正确。College visits are important. Before you commit years of your life and money to a school，be sure y
15、oure choosing a place that is a good match for your personality and interests. You cant get the “feel” of a school from any guidebook，so be sure to visit the campus. Below are a few tips for getting the most out of your college visit.Explore on Your OwnOf course you should take the official campus t
16、our，but be sure to allow time to hang around on your own. The trained tour guides will show you a schools selling points. But the oldest and prettiest buildings dont give you the entire picture of a college. Try to walk the extra mile and get the complete picture of the campus.Read the Bulletin Boar
17、dsWhen you visit the student center，academic buildings and residence halls，take a few minutes to read the bulletin boards. They provide an easy way to see whats happening on campus. The ads for lectures，clubs and plays can tell you whats going on outside the classrooms.Eat in the Dining HallYou can
18、get a good feel for student life by eating in the dining hall. Try to sit with students if you can. Do the students seem happy or stressed？Also，is the food good？Are there adequate healthy options？Many admission offices will give prospective students coupons（优惠券）for free meals in the dining halls.Vis
19、it a Class in Your MajorIf you know what you want to study，a class visit makes a lot of sense. Youll get to observe other students in your field and see how involved they are in classroom discussion. Try to stay after class for a few minutes and chat with the students to get their impressions of the
20、ir professors and major. Be sure to call in advance to schedule a classroom visit-most colleges dont allow visitors to drop in at class unannounced.Talk to Lots of StudentsYour campus tour guide has been trained to market the school. Try to talk to students who arent getting paid to impress you. The
21、se important conversations can often provide you with information about college life that isnt part of the admission script. Few university officials will tell you if their students spend all weekend drinking or studying，but a group of random students might.For more tips，please go to collegeapps. ab
22、out. com.5. The best way to know about a college in an official campus tour is_.A. to walk around the campus alone B. to take pictures of the campusC. to visit the oldest and prettiest buildings D. to hire a trained tour guide6. Reading the bulletin boards can help you _.A. decide-the major you want
23、 to studyB. find out the after-class activities on campusC. get free coupons from the admission officesD. find out the options of healthy food7. If you plan to attend a class on campus, _.A. drop in at a class in your majorB. have talks with students before classC. make an appointment in advanceD. a
24、sk the professor for permission8. To get a real idea of the college during a visit, its best to talk to_.A. famous professors B. campus tour guidesC. admission officers D. random students9. Where does the passage probably come from？A. A news report. B. A tourist poster.C. An educational journal. D.
25、A geographical magazine.【文章大意】本文属于说明文，本文对上大学之前需要了解的信息给出了一些建议，可以自行探索，阅读公告栏，在餐厅试吃，旁听课程和与其他同学交谈。5. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的第一句中的but be sure to allow time to hang around on your own可知，要想了解一所大学，最好能独自在校园逗留一段时间。故选A。6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的They provide an easy way to see whats happening on campus，可知，公告栏可以让你了解校园课
26、外活动的相关信息。故选B。7. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的Be sure to call in advance to schedule a classroom visit-most colleges dont allow visitors to drop in on class unannounced。可知，并不是所有的课都可以旁听的，你需要提前预约。故选C。8. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第五个标题下的Youll get to observe other students in your field and see how involved they are in classr
27、oom discussion可知，要想真正了解一所大学的情况，最好能随机地和一些学生交谈。故选D。9. C【解析】推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文对上大学之前需要了解的信息给出了一些建议，所以最有可能来自教育期刊。故选C。Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mi
28、rror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming,
29、 fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate.
30、Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered t
31、he atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧）levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because few
32、er trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area ev
