1、九年级专题复习教案并列句和复合句2011-2012九年级中考复习系列并列句和复合句并列句由连词连接两个分句组成的句子叫并列句。这些分句平行并列，而且同等重要，能够独立成句。连接分句的有并列连词和主从连词。并列连词：and, but, or, nor, for, whereas, while, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut(also). 主从连词：so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。并列句中的前后两句可以根据意思或分为四种关系。（1）同等关系and/not onlybut also/neithernor,用连词
2、and, not onlybut also, neithernor或者用逗号，有时也用分号连接两个简单句，构成并列句。如：He could neither read nor writeHe not only studies hard, but also likes sports.（2）转折关系but, yet, still, while, when, 用连词but, yet, still, while, when连接两个句子时，前后两句为转折关系。如：Tom was not there but his brother was (there).（3）选择关系or, eitheror.用连词or,
3、 eitheror，连接两个句子时，前后两句为选择关系。如：Either you didnt understand this, or you were not careful enough（4）因果关系for, so.用连词for, so连接两个句子时，前后两句为因果关系。如：He hurried, for it was getting dark.He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him复合句复合句中包括两个或更多的分句，其中一个分句是主句，其余的分句是从句。从句就是一个分句在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句
4、子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。这里主要复习宾语从句，定语从句和状语从句。宾语从句一宾语从句：用一个句子来做动词，介词宾语。用在动词，介词后。二中考考点：第一关，选好连接词（也有人叫关联词）。引导宾语从句的连接词，课本上写有三类但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。1连词that：只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如：1）He knew（that）he should work hard2）I am glad（that）youve passed the exam2连词whether或if：它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口语中多用if
5、。例如：3）Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？4）Tom didnt know ifwhether his grandpa liked the present作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大，同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如：5）He asked me whether or not I was coming他问我是否要来。（该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用。）3连接代词who，whom ，whose，what， whi
6、ch：它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意义。例如：6）The teacher asked the new student which class he was in？（武汉市）（which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class，意为“哪个”。）7）Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？（天津市）4连接副词when，where， why，how：起连接作用，分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，各有其自己的意义。例如：8）I wonder where he got so much money对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。（where在从句中作
7、地点状语，修饰got，意为“哪里；什么地方”。）9）He didnt tell me how old his friend was（四川省）（how引导宾语从句，作程度状语，修饰old，意为“怎样；如何”等意。）第二关，牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“主句+连接词主语+谓语/表语+”。这里特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，不是疑问句的语序。尤其是连接词在宾语从句作主语时的语序。例如：10）He doesnt know what is wrong(the matter) his bike.11）Dad，do you know what happened to my pet d
8、og last night ?12）汉译英：你能不能告诉我，我们去看望谁？误：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see？正：Can you tell me who（m）we have to see？第三关，注意时态的呼应。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。 例如： 13）汉译英：我原以为你今天有空的。误：I thought（that）you are free today正：I thought（that）you would be free today14）He thought he was working for
9、 the people15）I heard she had been to the Great W all16）John hoped that he would find a job soon但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化：17）The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun主句时态是现在时，从句根据句意选择不同时态1. I know (that) he _ (join) the League in 1985.2. I see that they _ (play) football over there now.
10、3. Tell me where he _(live).4. I hear that he _ (come) tomorrow.主句时态是过去时，从句根据句意选择不同的表示过去的时态（一般过去式，过去进行时，过去完成式，过去将来时）在由could, would引导的主句中, 从句一般要用现在时。因为could, would经常表示礼貌或婉转的语气, 而不是过去时。Could you please tell me where the bank is?Would you please tell me how far it is from here to the hospital?Do some e
11、xercises1. The radio says it _cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _well. (go)3. Tom says that they _(play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4. I hear they _ (return) it already.5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. He asked what they _ at eight
12、last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)9. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)correct the mistakes1. Do you know what is he doing?2. She said her mother is very well.3. I dont know that he is a work
13、er.4. Miss Li said there were seven days in a week.5. He wants to know if they did have a good time.6. She asked me that when the train would arrive.7. Could you tell me if he has come or not.8. I think you arent right定语从句一，什么是定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其作用是修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。e.g. Do you
14、know the man （who came to see Xiaowang this morning? ）要点：定语从句放在先行词之后，先行词由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词放在它们中间。关系代词：who, whom, that, which, whose关系副词：when, where, why1. He is a man whom we should all learn from. 他是一个我们都应当学习的人2. I still remember the day when I first came to 二，用法：1 . 定语从句修饰人，用who that，（who和that一般可互换，
15、有时可省去）如人后有介词，则必须用whom .The people (whothat) you were talking to were Japanese.Is she the girl that sells flowers?He is a man that you can safely depend on. 他是一个你能依靠的人。The girl to whom I spoken is my cousin. The girl whothat I spoken to is my cousin.区别相似关系词：由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾
16、语， whose在从句中作定语。1）. This is the thief who stole my bike. 这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。2）. He is the boy whom you wanted to find. 他就是你想要找的那个男孩。3）. The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。2 . 修饰物用which that.e.g. The train whichthat has just is for xian.The pen thatwhich you gave
17、me is very nice.This is the question that weve had so much discussion about.This is the question about which weve had so much discussion3. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.4. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shangha
18、i is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.5. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.重点：判断关系代词与关系副词关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, whic
19、h, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。特别提示:当先行词和关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要和他们保持人称和数的一致。如：The children who_(be) singing come from ChinaI have known the girl who_(have) two big eyes for many years.判断改错：This is the mountain village where I visited last year.This is the mountain vill
20、age （which） I visited last year .I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.Ill never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.巩固练习：1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A. whe
21、re B. that C. on which D. the one强化训练：1.Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure.A. which B. what C. as D. those2.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory _some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D.
22、the one4. Is this the factory _he worked ten years ago?A. that B. where C. which D. the one5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that6. Ill tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. that C. all that D. which7. The two things _ they fel
23、t very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which8. I like the second football match _was held last week.A. which B. who C. that D. /9. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry.A. which B. it C. that D. what10. May the fourth is th
24、e day _ we Chinese people will never forget.A. which B. when C. on which D. about which .11.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which状语从句一，状语从句简介：状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。 二，总结、状语从句常见引导词条件状语从句if ; unless ; as (so ) long as ;（只要）原因状语从句because ; as ; si
25、nce ; now (that )（既然）结果状语从句so (such ) that .目的状语从句so that ; in order that ;让步状语从句though ; although ; as ; however ; no matter .; 疑问词+ever；比较状语从句than ; as (so ). as ; the more .the more地点状语从句where wherever三，疑点解释1) when, while, as的区别：三者均可表示“当的时候”, 如果主句表示的是短暂的动作, 而从句表示的是一段时间, 三者可通用。 as和when都可与终止性动词连用,
26、while 只能与延续性动词连用。如：It was snowing _ we got to the airport当我们到达机场时, 天正下着雪。（不能用 while） as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生; while强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内; when可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。如: He sang as he went along. 他边走边唱.Please write_ I read. 我读的时候, 请写下来。_ he reached home, he had a little rest. 回到家后, 他休息了一会儿。while, 是多义词。while
27、可用作并列连词，连接两个分句，表“对比，不同”。中文常备翻译为“而.” My son likes to watch boxing games while I would rather listen to music.2）引导条件状语从句的连词有if(如果)、unless(除非)等, unless在意义上相当于ifnot。条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主句用将来时, 从句要用现在时代替将来时。如： You will fail _ you study hard(You will fail if you dont study hard)除非你努力学习, 否则你会失败。3)原因状语从句:(1)
28、 引导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as , now that(2) because, since, as, for 用法比较：because: 语气最强，回答why时用because，所表示的是直接理由，因果关系不能同so连用。Why are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.since: “既然.”表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.as: “由于.”语气较弱，
29、较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。 As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；for不能放在句首。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.4) 目的、结果状语从句（1）引导目的状语从句的连词有so that, in order that;引导结果状语从句的连词有so.that, such.that（2）.so that., in orde
30、r that.引导目的状语从句时，从句中常有can, could, may, might, would（3）so + 形容词/副词/分词 + that引导结果状语从句such + (形容词) + 名词 + that引导结果状语从句He worked so hard that he made great progress. The book is so interesting that I have read it twice.（4）such + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+ that引导结果状语从句so +形容词+ a/ an +单数可数名词+ that引导结果状语从句注意：只有单数可数
31、名词才有这两种表达方式。Its such a fine day that we all want to go outing. = Its so fine a day that we all want to go outing.（5）如果修饰名词的形容词为many, few, much, little时，前面则用so，例如：so many +名词+ that ； so few +名词+ that ；so much +名词+ that ；so little +名词+ that 比较：so many / few flowers such nice flowersso much / little money such rapi
