1、考研英语语法指导2014考研英语语法指导语法是考研英语的基础，这部分在考试当中虽然没有明确一种题型单独测试，但任何其它一种题型中都贯穿很多的语法知识，这部分基础如果欠缺，其它的综合能力提高起来将会很慢，所以所有复习考研的学生都要重视语法知识。对于英语基础比较差，英语语法基础本来就不好的同学，考研就要放弃吗?当然不，大家不要被眼前的困难吓倒。英语语法固然重要，但是只要你潜心复习，很快就会重拾记忆。当然，其中需要一定的方法和技巧。语法复习起来应该有所侧重，必须有针对性，否则死扣语法，不但浪费时间，也不一定能有很好的效果。考生在复习语法过程中可以按照以下方法进行：1.有一本正规的语法书对于那些语法基
2、础知识较差的考生，一本正规的语法书就像一本词典，随时可以帮助大家重拾记忆。考生可以根据语法书中系统复习一遍，找找当时学习英语的感觉。2.重点掌握句法句法对阅读及翻译写作都十分重要，因此必须重点复习。3.抓住重点 重点练习对于历年真题中常考的从句等，考生要重点强化一下，毕竟这些内容相对来说比较难，需要花费的时间比较多。重点内容是什么呢?万学海文给大家总结的语法知识点如下：并列句的同等关系、并列句的选择关系、并列句的转折关系、并列句的因果关系、并列句的对比关系;复合句的主语从句、复合句的宾语从句、复合句的表语从句、复合句的同位语从句、复合句的定语从句、复合句的状语从句;非谓语动词;谓语动词的时态;
3、谓语动词的语态(包括其翻译的方法);倒装结构句;比较结构句;省略句结构;关于as与than的特殊用法等。考研并不是多么难的事情，关键是自己要调整心态，给自己信心和勇气，按照规划长期坚持复习。当然，选报一个考研辅导班，对于考研学生，语法基础又比较好的同学来说是非常好的选择，需要帮助的考生不妨听一听老师的辅导，增加学习的方法和技巧，减少盲目性。其次，给大家分析一下考研英语语法与英语四六级考试语法的差异：语法考核点不一样。考研侧重对句法的考核，四六级侧重对词法的考核，它有什么区别呢?考研必考的几个语法点：第一点：虚拟语气。第二点：动词的时态。第三点：动词的非谓语形式。第四点：倒装，倒装在翻译里面考的
4、多，一般一个英文的句序加入它是倒装的，你必须把它译成主动的，否则的话扣0.5分。第五点：强调，强调在哪儿考的多啊，在阅读理解里面，你一旦发现有强调的句式你就把后面的东西圈起来，都是出题的陷阱。第六点：主谓一致，主谓一致在完型天空中考的最多。第七点：省略，省略在翻译里面考的最多，因为一个句子，它把它省略出来了，那么你在翻译的时候要把被省略的内容翻译出来，否则扣1分，记住了，这就是规则。第八点：从句，包括定语从句，状语从句，都在内。第九点：THERE BE 句型，简单。这9点是考研英语必考的9个语法点，你自己必须看的，你要是自己有语法书，看我建议的这些部分。最后，提醒大家，在这里我强调的就是千万不
5、要忽略了历年真题的作用，虽然现在考研不直接出语法题，但是语法贯穿在完型、阅读、翻译、写作等真题的每一个角落里，所以把真题利用好，能给你带来事半功倍的效果，省心、省时、省钱，而且还高效率。原因是出题人不是你，所以要把自己的思路往专家的思路上靠，这个靠的过程，还得是在做真题的过程中不断地总结和体会。自己认为最简单的也许是最真实的，也是最容易忽略的。时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时，同样不用于完成进行时：(1)表示感知的动词：hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell;(2)表示意愿、情感的动词：desire, dis
6、like, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate;(3)表示思考、看法的动词：believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose;(4)表示所有、占有的动词：belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳);(5)其他动词：cost, appear, concern, co
7、ntain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。如：Id say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal.(1997年考研题， belong表示归属，不用于进行式)He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night.(1990年考研题，see
8、表示结果，不用于进行式)2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式：(1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图;(2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作;(3)be to (do)表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事，如：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.
9、(4)be about to (do)表示将要(做)，如：Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders.(5)be on the point /verge of (doing)表示“马上就要”，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用;(6)be, begin, come, depart, get off, go, leave, return, start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件，如：If you want y
10、our film to be properly processed, youll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow.(画线部分一般不用will be)(7)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I dont know where he will go tomorrow. 我不知道他明天去哪儿。(宾语从句)Ill tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。(宾语从句)比较：Ill tell him
11、 when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。(状语从句)(8)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didnt know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)3.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、si
12、nce、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况)(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。如：By the tim
13、e you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。如：The changes t
14、hat howe taken place place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.It is four years since John left school.(4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。如：It isnt the first time that I
15、have found myself in an embarrassing situation.(5)在no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen/before句型中，主句常用过去完成时。(6)其他与完成时连用的时间状语：all this while, all this year, for some time, so far, already, before, just, long, yet等。4.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。如：The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but
16、nothing has happened.The school board listened quietly as John read the demand that his followers had been demonstrating for.时态、语态答题思路：(1)先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态，然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语，缩小选择范围，进而选出正确答案;(2)根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。1.不定式做主语(1)做形式主语的代词：不定式做主语, 通常用it充当形式主语, 把做主语的不定式短语后置。 如：It
17、took me only five minutes to finish the job.To be frank, it is a great relief to have the task fulfilled in so short a time.(2)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind
18、, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如：Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.Its clever of you to have invented such a device.(3)不定式做主语补足语：掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如：saidrepor
19、tedthoughtbe to do sth.believedknownsupposedByron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes.The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.2.不定式做宾语(1)必须接不定式做宾语的动词：掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：agree, afford, aim, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, choose, claim, decide,
20、 desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, endeavor, intend, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, pledge, pretend, prepare, promise, proceed, prove, resolve, refuse, request, swear, tend, try, venture, wait, wish。如：Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not decei
21、ved when they came into the room.注意:1)有的动词要求特殊疑问词+不定式做宾语, 这类动词有：consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder，如：While still a young boy, Bizet knew how to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which i
22、s Carmen.2)如果该特殊疑问词在不定式中做介词宾语, 介词往往置于该特殊疑问词的前面。如:The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor of the new theory.Without facts, we cannot form worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge upon which to base our thinking.(2)可以用不定式做宾语补足语(复合宾语)的动词：下
23、列动词可以用不定式做宾语补足语(复合宾语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, hate, have, hear, help, inform, invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, temp
24、t, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish。注意：画线动词后面的不定式不带to。如：Because of the recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me to swim in the river unless someone agrees to watch over us.分词起形容词和副词的作用，在句中做定语或状语。在概念上考生应清楚： 现在分词表示主动，表示动作在进行。 过去分词表示被动，表示动作结束了的状态或结果。1.分词做定语，弄清现在分词与过去分词的区别分词短语做定语相当于省
25、略了的定语从句，考生应掌握：(1)现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动意义。如：Its easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(相当于the changes which take place.)There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently givin
26、g what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相当于which gave.)How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?(相当于How many of us who will attend.)(2)过去分词与被修饰词之间具有被动意义。如：Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the Br
27、itish recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.(相当于recapture of the port which had been announced)Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program
28、that turns out.(相当于each new phone which is added to)The author gave a detailed description based on his personal observation of nature.(相当于description which was based on)(3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义：deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanis
29、hed, much-travelled, newly arrived, recently come。如：an escaped prisoner一个逃犯a retired worker一位退休工人a faded curtain一个褪了色的窗帘a newly arrived student一个新来的学生2.分词做状语，注意区分分词的一般式与完成式(1)表示时间，多置于句首，注意如果分词表示的动作的时间先于谓语动词，要用完成式。如：Having completed one task, we started on another one.(complete先于start之前发生)(2)表示原因，置于句
30、首句尾均可，根据情况有时要用完成式，有时用一般式。如：He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members.There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.(3)表示伴随、方式，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。如：Helen borrow
31、ed my dictionary the other day saying that she would return it soon.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outside world.(4)表示结果，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。如：The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable.(5)表示补充说明(同位)，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。如：The article opens and closes with descriptions
