1、基础词汇训练DOC第1章直流 direct current (dc)电路 circuit欧姆定律 Ohms law电动势 electromotive force電池 electric cell电位 electric potential参考点 reference point电荷 charge电压 voltage电压降 Voltage drop电流 current电阻 resistance恒压源 Constant voltage source恒流源 Constant current source串联 ）series connection并联 parallel connection库仑 coulom
2、b安培 ampere伏特 volt功率 power额定值 Rated value瓦特 watt焦耳 joule欧姆 ohm赫兹 Hertz电灯泡 ）electric bulb热电偶 thermocouple电源 power supply負荷 load电能 electric energy功率 electric power恒压源 Constant voltage source恒流源 Constant current source回路 network支路 branch节点 node基尔霍夫定理 Kirchhoffs law戴维宁定理 Thevenins Theorem支路电流法 circuit me
3、sh method叠加定理 superposition theorem线性电路 Linear circuit诺顿定理 Nortons theorem电压源 voltage source电流源 current source交流 alternating current直流 DC, direct current非线性 Nonlinear静态电阻 quiescent resistance动态电阻 dynamic resistance第2章稳态 steady state暂态 transient state电感 inductor匝数 turns磁力线 magnetic line of force磁通 fl
4、ux电感值inductance亨利 henry电容capacitor 容量capacitance法拉 farad充電 charge放電 discharge时间常数 time constance初始值 Initial value稳态值 Steady state value第3章正弦波 sine wave频率 frequency角频率 angular frequency相位 phase 最大值 Maximum value有效值 effective value瞬时值 instantaneous value峰值 peak value峰峰值 peak-to-peak value 相量 phasor复平面
5、 Complex plane矢量 vector相量 （Phasor）实部 Real part虚部 Imaginary part电阻率resistivity电导率Electrical conductivity波形waveform阻抗impedance电抗reactance容抗capacitive reactance感抗inductive reactance亨利henry开关switch有功功率effective power无功功率reactive power乏(Var) Spent伏安 VA volt-ampere视在功率apparent power功率因数 power factor谐振电路 R
6、esonant circuit共振現象resonance phenomena品质因数（quality factor）滤波器filter谐波harmonic waves非正弦周期信号Non-sinusoidal periodic signals二次谐波second harmonic傅立叶级数Fourier series第4章发电机generator感应电动势electromotive force电磁感应electromagnetic induction线圈coil振幅 amplitude单相交流 single phase AC三相交流 three phase AC相序 Phase sequenc
7、e星型连接 wye connection角形连接delta connection相电压 phase voltage相电流phase current线电压line voltage线电流line current对称三相电路 Symmetrical three-phase circuit三相三线制 three-phase three-wire system三相四线制 three-phase four-wire system中线 neutral line相电压 phase voltage线电压line voltage相电流 phase current线电流line current保护接地Protect
8、ive earthing第5章磁路magnetic circuit电磁铁electromagnet磁通flux磁场magnetic field磁感应强度flux density磁导率magnetic permeability介电常数dielectric constant电阻率resistivity介质 medium磁通势magnetomotive force磁阻reluctance非磁性材料Non-magnetic material磁性材料magnetic material磁力線magnetic flux剩磁 Residual magnetism矫顽力 Coercive force磁化曲線 M
9、agnetization curve磁滞曲线 hysteresis软磁材料 Soft magnetic materials硬磁材料 Hard magnetic material磁饱和性 Magnetic saturation电磁阀 Electromagnetic valve铁心 （core）线圈 coil 铜损耗 Copper loss铁损 Iron loss蜗流损耗 Eddy current loss励磁電流 Excitation current变压器 transformer 电压调整率 Voltage regulation rate硅钢 silicon steel 自耦变压器 auto-t
10、ransformer 中间抽头 Intermediate tap仪用互感器 （ instrument transformer）电压互感器 （potential transformer,PT）电流互感器 （Current Transformer, CT）第6章感应电动机，异步电动机 Induction motor同步转速 Synchronous speed笼式异步机 Cage type asynchronous motor绕线式异步机 Winding type asynchronous motor转子 （rotor）定子 stator旋转磁场 rotating magnetic field转速
11、rotational speed转矩 (torque)转差率 Slip ratio轴承 bearing起动转矩 starting torque起动电流 starting current电抗器 reactor频敏变阻器 frequency sensitive rheostats滑环 slip-ring电刷 brush同步电动机 a synchronous motor第7章刀开关 knife switch熔断器 fuse填料式熔断器 Filler type fuse隔离开关 Isolating switch主回路 Main circuit控制回路 Control loop交流接触器 AC cont
12、actor热继电器 Thermal relay 双金属片 bimetal 时间继电器 Timed relay自锁Self locking互锁interlock行程开关limit switch第8，11章模拟电路 analog circuits数字电路 digital dircuits导体 conductor半导体 semiconductor绝缘体 insulator硅 silicon 锗 germanium自由電子 free electron 空穴 hole载流子 carrier 本征半导体 intrinsic semiconductor杂质 impurityN型半导体 n-type semi
13、conductorP型半导体 p-type semiconductorPN结 PN junction耗尽层 depletion layer扩散 diffusion漂移 drift正向偏置 forward bias反向偏置 reverse bias二极管 diode导通 Conduction截止 cut-off阳极 anode阴极 cathode死区电压 threshold voltage击穿 breakdown伏安特性 Volt-ampere characteristic限幅电路clipping circuit、 clipper circuit整流电路Rectifier circuit滤波电路
14、Filter circuit脉动直流Pulsating direct current稳压二极管zener diode稳压电源regulated power supply整流converter逆变inverter单相桥式整流电路Single phase bridge rectifier circuit半波整流 Half wave rectifier滤波电路 Filter circuit扼流圈choke coil光电二极管photo diode发光二极管LED（Light Emitting Diode） 三端稳压器3-Terminal regulator散热片Heat sink集成电路integr
15、ated circuit晶闸管 thyristor可关断晶闸管gate turn-off thyristor双向晶闸管bi-directional thyristor全控桥full controlled bridge rectifier circuit控制角Control angle第9章分立元件电路 Discrete component circuit晶体管transistor双极型晶体管bipolar transistor基极base集电极collector发射极emitter放大区amplifier region饱和区 saturation region截止区 cut-off regio
16、n旁路电容bypass condennser负载线Load line饱和失真Saturation distortion静态分析Static analysis动态分析 Dynamic analysis场效应晶体管field-effect transistor (FET)受控源Controlled source增益 gain电压放大倍数Voltage amplification下限截止频率 lower cut-off frequency上限截止频率upper cut-off frequency通频带Pass band高通滤波器high-pass filter共射放大电路common-emitter
17、 amplifier circuit射极跟随器emitter-follower耦合coupling差动放大电路Differential amplifier circuit共模抑制比Common mode rejection ratio共模信号Common mode signal差模信号Differential mode signal零点漂移drift功率放大电路power amplifier circuit甲类放大电路class A power amplifier 乙类放大电路class B power amplifier circuit for class B limiter甲乙类放大电路C
18、lass A amplification circuit AB limiter互补对称放大电路Complementary symmetry circuit交越失真crossover distortion第10章运算放大器operational amplifier反馈feed back负反馈 negative feed back反馈系数feedback coefficient闭环电压放大倍Closed loop voltage gain开环电压放大倍数open loop voltage gain串联反馈Series feedback并联反馈 Shunt feedback反相放大电路Inverti
19、ng amplifier同相放大器Noninverting amplifier加法电路Adder circuit减法电路Subtraction circuit微分回路Differential circuit積分回路integral circuit电压比较器voltage Comparator窗口电压比较器（双限电压比较器）Window voltage comparator迟滞电压比较器hysteresis comparator正弦波発振回路（Sine wave oscillation circuit自励発振器self oscillator热敏电阻thermistor负温度系数negative
20、temperature coefficient有源滤波器active filter无源滤波器 passive filter低通滤波器low pass filter高通滤波器high pass filter带通滤波器band pass filter带阻滤波器band elimination filter截止频率cut-off. frequency集成电路integrated circui第12章组合电路Combinational circuit逻辑门）Logic gate或门 OR gate高电平High level低电平low level真值表truth table逻辑式logic expre
21、ssion逻辑符号Logic symbol 与非门NAND gate封装（package）三态门three state gate 使能端(enable)高阻抗(high-impedance)布尔代数boolean algebra逻辑代数Algebra of logic摩根定律 Morgans law化简 Simplification异或Exclusive OR同或门XNOR gate二进制binary system进位carry半加器Half adder全加器Full adder编码器encoder二进制编码器Binary encoder译码器decoder显示译码器Display decod
22、er七段LED segment可编程逻辑控制器Programmable logic controller与门阵列 AND array或门阵列 OR array第13章时序电路 Timing circuit双稳态触发器 flip-flop基本双稳态触发器 Basic bi-stable flip-flop复位 reset置位 set钟控双稳态触发器 Clock controlled bi-stable flip-flop主从型 master slave电平触发 Level trigger触发方式 trigger mode边沿触发 edge-trigger翻转 reverse上升沿 positiv
23、e edge-trigger下降沿 negative edge-trigger 寄存器 register数码寄存器 Digital register移位寄存器 shift register左移寄存器 Left shift register右移寄存器 right shift register双向移位寄存器 Bidirectional shift register计数器 counter分频器 Frequency divider加法计数器 up-counter减法计数器 down-counter 第14章数模转换器 Digital to analog converter模数转换器 Analog to digital converter传感器 sensor
