1、英语高考总复习资料英语高考总复习资料 作者： 日期： 2012英语高考总复习资料一、词法（一）巧记名词变复数的规则：1.单数变为复数式，一般词尾加-s； 2.下列句词词尾后，要加-s先加-e。3.发音f 、 t 、s和z，或是某些辅音加-o时。 4.有些名词变复数，词尾变化要注意。5.y前字母是辅音，一律变y为-ies. 6.遇到f和fe，有时需要变-ves.7.少数名词不规则，特殊情况要强记。说明：1名词变复数形式，一般在词尾加-s.eg: bag-bags banana-bananas bird-birds pen-pens, .2词尾发音为f , t s, z的名词（即以字母sh, ch
2、, s, x结尾者）在变复数时，要在词尾加-es，eg: watch-watches, box-boxes, bus-buses,etc)3若词尾字母o的前面是辅音字母，变为复数时，有些加-es，eg: hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, patato-patatoes, tomato-tomatoes.这四个词可组成一句话来记忆：Heroes and Negroes eat potatoes and tomatoes（英雄和黑人吃马铃薯和西红柿。简为二人吃二菜。）但有些以o结尾的名词则加-s，eg: photo photoes, piano pianos等。4若词尾字母y
3、前加的是辅音字母时，变为复数，首先把y变为i，再加-es, eg: family families, city- cities, baby babies等，但若词尾y前为元音字母时，则可直接加-s, eg: day-days, boy-boys等。5以f和fe结尾的名词变复数时，首先将f和fe变为v, 再加-es，我们也可用一句话来记，“狼（wolf）和小偷（thief）的妻子（wife）用小刀（knife）威胁书架(shelf)上的半片（half）叶子（leaf）的生命（life）。另外记住一些常见特殊词，eg: roofroofs.6. 有些名词的复数变化是不规则的，eg: man-men
4、, woman-women, child-children, chinese- chinese, sheep-sheep等，平时多留心，稍微加以归纳，是不难发现其的特征的。（二）定冠词冠词是NMET试题中出现较频繁的词性，近五年复出率高达83.3%。因而掌握冠词，尤其是定冠词的用法也尤其必要。请看下面的顺口溜，它可以帮助我们记忆定冠词的一些用法：特指、重提和唯一，岛屿，海峡和海湾； 海洋，党派最高级，沙漠，河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代，团体与机关； 船名，建筑和组织，会议，条约与报刊；姓氏复数，国全名，请你记住用定冠。下面让我们再来“验证”这顺口溜吧。请仔细观察下面各句中定冠词的用法，不
5、难发现它的“功效”与“真伪”了。1. The girl in red has just come back from Australia.2. Mr. Li will give us a talk. The talk will begin at 8:003. The sun gives us heat and light.4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.5. The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.6. Do you know when the Great Wall came int
6、o being?7. Shes on the Peoples Daily.8. The Einsteins could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert needed.9. Who was the first to come?10. I heard somebody playing the piano in the next room.11. Great Changes have taken place in the 1990s12. In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of th
7、e United States for the second time.（三）非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动词的过去分词和动词的-ing形式三种。这是高考中的热点，其考查量多、面广，几乎是必考的一个知识点。近六年高考复现率达百分之百。纵观试题，其考查重点为动词非谓语形式的作用及功能相同的非谓语动词之间的区别。学生对此知识也“知之半解”，深感头疼。请看下面的方法，将有助于记住不定式及动名词。1、动词的不定式不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。 没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。 not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。 仔细推敲多思考
8、，准确判断有依据。解析：“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断
9、。2、动名词：哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。1.喜欢、考虑不可免（enjoy, consider, escape, avoid） 2.停止，放弃太冒险（stop, give up , risk）3.反对想象莫推延（mind, imagine, delay, put off） 4.要求完成是期望（require, finish, look forward to.） 5.建议继续勤*练（suggest, go on, practise） 6.不禁原谅要坚持（cant help, excuse , insist on） 7.继续注意使成功（keep on, mind, succe
10、ed in）（四）多个形容词并开修饰一个名词的问题有两三个形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词。若有多个形容词修饰，可用下面这句话来判断、排列它们的顺序：县官行令杀国材。其意思是：县（限）代表限定词，包括冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词，所有格，数字等。官（观）代表表示观点的描绘性形容词，eg: fine beautiful interesting等。行（形）代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词：eg: small tall, high, little, round等。令代表表示年龄、新旧的形容词：eg: old, young等。杀色（近似音）代表表示颜色的形容词：e
11、g: white, black等。国代表国籍、地区、出处的形容词：eg: Englsih, American, moun tain等。材代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词，eg: wooden, silk, plastic, stone等。请看下面的例子： a fine old stone bridge;two big round new Chinese wooden tables;his large new black foreign car.（五）序数词中的特殊词：记忆序数词中的特殊词时，可用顺口溜来记：八去t，九减e, f来把ve替，若是遇上几十几，ie就把y来替。即：eighth, nin
12、th, fifth, twelfth, twentieth, thirtieth. . .（六）一些动词1. lie 的变化记忆lie 的变化时，可用顺口溜来帮助记忆：规则的说谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则。即：lieliedliedlying(说谎) lielaylainlying(躺，位于)laylaidlaidlaying(产卵，下蛋)2感官动词和使役动词：记忆此项动词，可归纳于“五三二一”，即：“五看”see, watch, notice, observe, look at; “三使”let, make, have;“二听”hear, listen to; “一觉”feel.3
13、“否定转移”的5个常用词：我认为（think）猜想（suppose）与想象（imagine）都不可相信（believe），我期待（expect）等着你的回答。eg: I dont think hell come tomorrow.4“同源宾语”的七个常用词微笔（smile）着生话（live）歌唱（sing）着战斗（fight）死(die)也像睡觉（sleep）做梦（dream）一样甜蜜。eg: Now were living a happy life and often dream good dreams.5巧记常用于“主语没有生命胜似有”之类句子谓语的七个动词：如果看见(see)或发现(di
14、scover) Turn(音译：特恩)，一定要找到(find)他，并带（bring）他到这儿给（give）大伙展示（show）一下。eg: Tomorrowll see the opening of the meeting.Dusk found a little boy crying in the street.二、句法（一）巧学定语从句由两个简单句合并成一个含定语从句的复句时，对于关系代词、关系副词的取舍是个难点。如下两句话，用起来倒方便，快捷：代代代，副代副；有介要用代，无介关副代。说明：是说用关系代词代替定语从句中的代词或名词。即将两个句子合并成定语从句时，在确定先行词后（在主句中），把
15、另一个句子（定语从句）中的代词或名词用关系代词代替，紧跟在先行词之后即可。这里当然要记住，应把被代替的代词或名词去掉。eg: The teacher is my brother.He is teaching.The teacher who (代替代词he, 故也须将he去掉)is teaching is my brother.与同理。即用关系副词代替定语从句中的副词（或作状语的介词短语）。这时的关系副词也照样紧跟在先行词之后。eg:We visited the factory.She worked in the factory last year.We visited the factory,
16、 Where (代替相当于副词作状语的介词词组in the factory) she worked last year.和两句是指如果定语从句中有作状语的介词短语，保留介词就要用关系代词，或用关系副词代替整个介词短语。 eg:I still remember that day.I joined the Party on that day.I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.（二）变被动语态的方法。被动语态的学习是中学阶段英语的一项重点内容，又是难点的语法项目，近几年的高考题里，年年都少不了有它的“足迹”或“影子”。关于被动词
17、态的构成，可用下列口诀帮助记忆：1.被动语态强调“宾”，用 be加上“过去分”。 2.“be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。3.“行为对象”作主语，逻辑主语“by”来引。 4.原句若是双宾语，一变“主”来一保“宾”。5.“间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾”还是“宾”。 6.“直宾”要把主语变，“间宾”前加“to”最称心。 7.唯有原“宾”是“复合”，只有变宾要当心。 8.原句“宾补”变“主补”，位置不必挪寸分。 9.情态动词变“被动”，情态加be加过分。 10.如若“情态”后带to，变后有to才弄准。 11.“短语动词”变“被动”，相当“及物”莫疑心。 12.不过其后“介”或“副”，变后还得要承认
18、。高中英语习惯用法汇总1. Its the first time that.(从句中用现在完成时)It was for the first time that(强调句，对状语for the first time进行强调)Its (high) time that.(从句中用过去时或should do)2. Its the same with sb. / So it is with sb.表示某人也如此（用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词）3.be about to do / be doingwhen.正要做/正在做就在那时.4 A is twice / three times as
19、 +原级+as BA is twice / three times the n. of B. A is twice / three times +比较级+than B5. Its a waste of time / money doing / to doIts no use / good doingIts possible / probable / (un) likely that.It makes great / no sense to do做某事很有/没意义6. Theres no use / good doing.Theres no sense / point (in) doingThe
20、re is no need for sth. / to do.There is (no) possibility that（同位语从句）7.The+比较级., the+比较级越., 越.注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时；8. It seems / appears ( to sb. ) that sb.在某人看来某人.= Sb. seems / appears to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.It seems / looks as if.好象/似乎.9.It (so) happened that sb. .某人碰巧.= Sb. ha
21、ppened to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.10.It is said / thought / believed / hoped / supposed .that sb=Sb. is said to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hope sb. to do结构)12 .such.that.如此.以致于（引导结果状语从句） .such.as像.的这种(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)13. Do you min
22、d if I do sth.? / Would you mind if I did sth.?14. The chance is that./ (The )Chances are that.很可能.15.Check / Make sure / See to it / See that.(从句中常用一般现在时) 确信/务必.16. depend on it that.取决于 see to it that.负责/设法做到.注意：除了except / but / in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语；17 It is / was +介词短语/ 从句/ 名词/代词等+tha
23、t How / When / Where / Why is / was it that.?注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who连接；强调主语时，从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致；注意与定语从句的区别）18 .How is it that.（这几个句型都表示“怎么会.?” “怎么发生的？”） How come+从句？ How does / did sth. come about? ( How did it come about that.?)如:How come you are late again?19. There seems / appears / happe
24、ns to be / must be / cant be / is (are, was, were) said to be / is (are, was, were) thought to be.表示 “.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/ 据说有/认为有.” 介词（如of ）there being want / wish / expect there to be要/希望/期待有. adj. / adv. enough for there to be.足够.会有.注意：there being / there to be为there be的非谓语形式；It is said / thought t
25、hat there is / are=There is / was / are / were said (thought) to be. 如：I have never dream of there being such a good chance for me.20. 疑问词+插入语+陈述语序？Who do you think hell have attend the meeting?21. But for + n. / pron., sb. / sth. would (not) have done.要不是., 某人早就(表示虚拟语气)=If it had not been for.,./ I
26、f there had not been ., .22. It won(t) be long before +从句（从句中用一般现在时）不久/很久就要. It was (not) long before+从句（从句中用一般过去时）不久/很久才.23. Those who.(从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式). Anyone who= Whoever.(从句及主句中谓语动词用单数形式)24.主句（一般现在时或过去时）.when从句.(might / should do 或might / should have done) 表示”对比”,意思为 “本该(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气
27、,如:Why are you here when you should be in school?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?He stopped trying when he might have succeeded .本该已成功了他却停止努力了.25. There is ./ Sb. have no doubt that(同位语从句,that不可省略)There is / Sb. have some doubt whether.(同位语从句不可用if) Sb. doubt if / whether. Sb. dont doubt that26 . immediately / directly
28、/ instantly / the moment +从句 on / upon + n. / doing No sooner had sb. done than .(过去时) Hardly had sb. done when.(过去时)注意：这几个结构都表示“一.就”；27. every time / each time / the last time / the first time / next time +从句（名词性短语引导一个时间状语句）anywhere / everywhere +从句（相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句）You can go anywhere you like
29、.28.If only / I wish +从句(用过去类时态) 表示虚拟语气, “要是.就好了” “但愿就好了!”29 .Considering + n. 或 pron. 或 that从句 / Seeing that.考虑到/鉴于.Given + n. / pron作状语,表示 “在有的情况下” “如果有” “假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should help him now.30.There was a time when.曾经有那么一度.31.other than
30、与no, not, none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如:It was none other than Mr. Smith.这正是Smith先生.32. Not until.did / do/ does / will sb. doIt was / is not until that sb33.Its (un) like sb. to do / to have done做某事很像某人/ 做某事可不像某人34.It remains to be seen Wh-words .是否.还有待于看.(不用that, if作连接词)35.It only remains for sb. to do剩下的只是要某人做某事.Weve got everything ready. It only remains for you to come to dinner.36.One moment., and now刚才一会儿还在做而现在却.37.Not all / both / everyone表示部分否定
