1、最新人教版初中英语被动语态知识点汇总+练习试题初中英语被动语态汇总语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。1被动语态的时态：1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+动词的过去分词3. 一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+动词的过去分词4. 现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词5. 现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+动词的过去分词6. 情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词
2、的过去分词2被动语态的基本用法:(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworldEnglishiswidelyspokenintheworldnow.(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr.Wangisinvitedtothemeetingtoday.Theproblemisdealtwithnow.(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时Itissaidthatshewasabeautywhenshewasyoung.3主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone,时不变，数格必须随
3、被变。注：1. 主动、被动的时态要一致。2. 主动、被动的句式要一致。3. 变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。语态转换不被动语态的步骤1. 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2.把动词改为被动语态形式即be+过去分词。3.原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。4.其它成分不变5.被动语态中by+宾语的省略被动语态句式中的by+宾语表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者by+宾语常常被省略。(1)动作执行者不确定时Paperisma
4、defromwood.Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidentseveryyear.(2) 不必表明动作执行者时EnglishisalsospokenasthesecondlanguageaswellasoneoftheofficiallanguagesFootballisplayedinmostschools。(3)动作执行者为一般大众时BothEnglishandSpanisharespokeninthisarea.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1)肯定式:主语+was/were+过去分词+byItwasmadeinBeijingRenaiEducatio
5、nInstitute.(2)否定式:主语+was/were+not+过去分词+byShewasnotgivenapanitingbyhim.Thisquestionwasnotdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.(3) 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+过去分词+by?Wasitmadeofbamboo?(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+过去分词+byWhatwasismadeof?教你一招如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does,被动语态用is/am/are如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did,被动语态用was/were.由情态动词构成的被
6、动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+过去-Watercanbechangedintoice.SheoughttotidyupherbedroomHerbedroomoughttobetidiedup.YoushouldbuyadictionaryatonceAdictionaryshouldbeboughtatoncebyyou.(2) 否定式:主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词+byYoumustnottakeoutanybooks.-Anybooksmustntbetakenoutbyyou.Theyneedntlookafterthelittlechild-Thel
7、ittlechildneedntbelookedafter(bythem)(3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+byCanyouuseit?-Canitbeused?常见的情态动词有:can,may,oughtto,must,dare,need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1,当宾语是反身代词时ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Parker.2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Doesthepairofnewshoessuityou?Wewillhaveameeting.四特殊情况的被动语态：1. 带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直
8、宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。(1).give/pass/show与介词to搭配。givesbsthsb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.(2) .buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。buysbsthsb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsbHegavemeabookI_abookbyhim.Abook_mebyhim.Mymothermademeacake.I_acakebymymotherAcake_mebymymother.2.带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+dosth.口诀：感使
9、动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosth-sb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkers_workalldaybytheboss.2. see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时doing不变。IheardTomsingingjustnowTom_bymejustnow.3. 以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Weshouldtake
10、careoftheold.Theoldshould_.4注意事项：1. 有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last,have,own.belongto,suitfine,2. 不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)3. 系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste.Thedishtastesgood.4. 有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellThiskindofskirtsellswell.5. need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneed_.6.在tooto及enoughto结构中有时表示被动意义。Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.对应的练习试题( )3_thesedesksbeneeded?10( )1Newly-bornbabies_inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare
