1、空中交通管制英语词汇表南京航空航天大学精品课程空中交通管制英语词汇表南京航空航天大学民航学院 刘继新A.1 航空器及其系统（aircraft and its system）A.1.1 航空器框架（aircraft structure）airframe 机身flight deck 驾驶舱wheel well 轮舱front (fore) part 前部rear (aft) part 后部port 左舷（舵）starboard 右舷（舵）inboard engine or inboards 内侧发动机outboard engine or outboards 外侧发动机nose 机头belly 机腹
2、skin 蒙皮outer shell 外壳rib 翼肋spar 翼梁stringer 桁条windscreen or windshield 风挡wing 机翼trailing edge 机翼后缘leading edge 机翼前缘wing tip 翼尖control surface 操纵面aileron 副翼flaps (inboard flap, outboard flap, leading edge flaps)襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘襟翼）spoilers (inboardoutboard spoiler) (spoiler downup) 阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放
3、下、打开）airbrakes 减速板（阻流板）slats 缝翼elevators (elevator control tab) 升降舵（升降舵操纵片）rudder (rudder control tab) 方向舵（方向舵操纵片）flap angle 襟翼角flap setting 襟翼设定full flap position 全襟翼位置flapless landing 无襟翼着陆landing gear 起落架stabilizer 安定面nose wheel 起落架前轮gear locked 起落架锁定wheel well 起落架舱wheel door 起落架舱门tyre 轮胎burst 爆破
4、deflated tyre 瘪胎flat tyre 漏胎puncture 轮胎被扎破extend the flaps (retract the flaps) 放下襟翼（收上襟翼）extend the gear (retract the gear) 放下起落架（收上起落架）gear extension (gear retraction) 放轮（收轮）the gear is jammed 起落架被卡阻the flaps are jammed 襟翼被卡阻emergency extension system 应急放下系统crank the gear down 摇动放下起落架brakes 刹车disc
5、brakes 盘式制动器an anti-skid device 防滞装置an arresting gear 拦阻装置thrust reverser 反推装置tail parachute 尾伞the brakes are unreliable 刹车不可靠braking action is poor 刹车状况不好brake wear 刹车磨损overheat 超温（过热）slow down 减慢（速度）bring the plane to a stop 使飞机停下passenger cabin 客舱floor 地板ceiling 顶棚（板）galley 机上厨房toilet 厕所lounge 休息
6、室partition 隔墙interior fittings 机上用具oxygen mask 氧气面罩cargo-hold 货舱A.1.2 动力系统（power plant system）nacelle (cowl） 引擎短舱spinner 螺旋桨整流罩pod 发动机吊舱air inlet or intake 进气道bird, water ingestion 发动机吸进了鸟、水foreign object damage 外来物损伤fan 风扇windmill 风车rotor 转子fan blades 风扇叶片propeller 螺旋桨propeller blade 桨叶propulsor 推进
7、器reduction gearbox 减速器LP and HP compressors 低压和高压压缩机annular combustor 环行燃烧室multiple-can combustor 管型燃烧室can-annular combustor 管环燃烧室reverse-flow annular combustor 回流式环行燃烧室turbocharger 涡轮增压器turbine wheel 涡轮导向器supercharger 增压器compressor blades 压缩机叶片nozzles 尾喷管（嘴），排气管cylinder 气缸crankshaft 曲轴exhaust secti
8、on 排气部分engine setting 发动机设置RPM (revolution per minute) 转速（转每分）set the engine to idle 慢车位give full throttle (or power) to the engine 全油门（功率）throttle up the engine 加油门throttle down (or back) the engine 收油门engineering trouble 机械故障engine failure 发动机失效the engine runs rough 发动机工作不稳定the engine runs smoothl
9、y 发动机工作稳定vibration 抖动the engine is low on power 马力小low rumble 发动机发出低沉的响声loud bangs 发动机放炮engine surge 发动机喘振engine shutdown 停车engine flame out 发动机熄火exhaust duct and tail cone 排气道和尾锥engine feathered 顺桨A.1.3 航空器系统（aircraft system）A.1.3.1 燃油系统（fuel system）fuel system 燃油系统fuel tanks 燃油箱vent 通气孔fuel hydran
10、t 加油栓fuel lines 燃油管路fuel pump 燃油泵fuel filter 油滤joints 接头dump valves 放油阀fuel shut-off levers 燃油油路切断操纵杆fuel flow indicators 燃油流量表low fuel pressure warning lights 燃油油压过低警告灯A.1.3.2 滑油系统（oil system）lubricant 润滑剂lubrication 润滑oil lines 滑油管路oil pressure indicators 滑油压力表oil temperature indicator 滑油温度表oil co
11、oler 滑油散热器A.1.3.3 液压系统（hydraulic system）hydraulic lines 液压管路hydraulic actuator 液压作动筒hydraulic pump 液压泵pressure control valves 压力控制阀pressure sensors 压力传感器relief valves 释压阀flow control valves 流量控制阀(actuating) jacks 千斤顶seals 密封圈A.1.3.4 电器系统（electrical system）DC generator 直流发电机an AC generator 交流发电机APU(a
12、uxiliary power unit) 辅助动力装置inverter 变换器solid state transformer 固态变压器rectifier 整流器fuse 保险丝wire 电线circuit 电路lead 连线/引线circuit breaker 跳开关A.1.3.5 空调系统（air-conditioning system）pressure control 压力控制environmental control system 环境控制系统cooling 冷却electronic cooling system 冷凝系统heating 加热humidifier 增湿器heat exc
13、hanger 热交换器fans 风扇pressurization 增压air ducts 空气导管pneumatic system 汽源系统A.1.4 驾驶舱（cockpit）A.1.4.1 操纵系统（control system）flight control system 飞行操纵系统flight management computer system 飞行管理计算机系统boosted controls 助力操纵系统manual controls 人工操纵系统levers/stick/column 杆control column 操纵杆control panel 控制板captains pan
14、el 机长仪表板glare shield panel 防眩板center console 中央操纵台handles 操纵手柄knobs 按钮或旋钮switchers 开关thrust levers 油门cranks 曲柄（摇把）control stand 操纵台rudder bar 方向舵连杆elevator controls 升降舵操纵系统flap controls 襟翼操纵系统autopilot controls 自动驾驶操纵系统autothrottle system 自动油门系统instrument landing system 仪表着陆系统microwave landing syste
15、m 微波着陆系统handoperated control 人工驾驶brake control unit 制动控制单元steering wheel 方向盘（前轮）A.1.4.2 航空器仪表（aircraft instrument）gauge 仪表primary display system 主显示系统electronic instrument system 电子仪表系统systems monitoring instruments 系统监控仪表indicator 指示器（仪表）flight director 飞行指引仪engine indicator 发动机仪表accelerometer 加速度计
16、aneroid barometer 膜盒气压计metre (dial) 表盘（刻度盘）instrument panel 仪表板audio control panel 音频控制面板overhead panel 顶部仪表板flight engineers panel 随机工程师仪表板radio management panel 无线电管理面板flight navigation control panel 导航控制面板flight data interface unit 飞行数据接口digital flight data recording system 数字式飞行数据记录系统engine vibr
17、ation monitoring unit 发动机振动监控系统weight and balance system 装载与配平系统altimeter 高度表radio altimeter 无线电高度表airspeed indicator 空速表automatic direction finder 自动定向仪turn and bank indicator 转弯侧滑仪attitude director indicator 姿态指示仪horizontal situation indicator 水平位置指示器set the altimeter 高度表拨正vertical speed indicator
18、 升降速度表(gyro) horizon 陀螺地平仪directional gyro 陀螺方向仪A.1.5 航空器动作（aircraft maneouvre）pitch 俯仰roll 横滚yaw 偏转bank the aircraft 压坡度lift off 抬（提）起pitch up the aircraft (to nose up) 抬机头pitch down the aircraft (to nose down) 推机头down 向下dive 俯冲climb steeply 大角度爬升corrective action 修正动作level off 改平stall 失速recover fr
19、om stall 从失速中改出cut back decrease 收油门spin 螺旋sharp turn 急转弯wide turn 小坡度转弯slipping turn 内侧滑转弯skidding turn 外侧滑转弯A.2 气象（meteorology）A.2.1 云（cloud）ceiling 云底高cloud layer 云层cumulonimbus 积雨云towering cumulonimbus 塔状积雨云altocumulus 高积云nimbostratus 雨层云altostratus 高层云cirrocumulus 卷积云cirrostratus 卷层云cirrus 卷云fu
20、nnel cloud 漏斗云stratocumulus 层积云stratus 层云vertebratus 脊状云capillatus 鬃状云solid clouds 浓厚的云scattered clouds 疏云ragged clouds 破碎的云（残云）mackerel sky 鳞状云breaks in overcast 阴间多云few 少云scattered 疏云broken 裂开云，多云overcast (continuous) 满天云on top 在云上below cloud 在云下between layers 在云层间in cloud 在云中in and out of cloud 断
21、续云中cloud is building up 云在增加cloud is clearing up 云在消散A.2.2 能见度（visibility）sky clear 晴空sky obscured 天空不明sand storm 沙暴mist 轻雾haze 霾brume 雾, 霭smoke 烟smog 烟雾light fog 轻雾dense fog 浓雾freezing fog 冻雾drifting fog 吹雾，平流雾fog dispersal in progress 雾在消失fog is coming down 正在起雾fog is clearing up 雾在消散fog is gettin
22、g worse 雾越来越浓A.2.3 风（wind）wind 风surface wind 地面风wind aloft 高空风tailwind 顺风headwind 顶风crosswind 侧风wind-gauge 风向风速仪the wind-sock 风向袋wind calm 无风（静风）light wind 微风moderate wind 中速风strong wind 强风variable wind 风向不稳定steady wind 稳定风gust 阵风wind shift 风向转变wind shear 风切变gusts up to 8 m/s 阵风达8 m/slull 风停gale 一阵大
23、风storm 风暴eddy, a whirl wind 旋风vortex(vortices) 涡流wind W veering NW 风由西向西北转wind W backing SW 风由西转向西南the wind is shifting 风在转向the wind is rising 起风the wind is abating 风在减小the wind is getting stronger 风越来越大A.2.4 颠簸（turbulence）clear air turbulence 晴空颠簸moderate turbulence 中度颠簸severe turbulence 严重颠簸smooth
24、 平稳的bumpy , turbulent 颠簸的be tossed , buffeted 受气流（或涡流）影响而使摇摆updraught 上升气流downdraught 下降气流jet stream 高空急流A.2.5 降水（precipitation）light rain 小雨heavy rain 大雨intermittent rain 间歇性雨continuous rain 连续性降水bright periods 雨停天晴期间occasional showers 偶尔下阵雨passing showers 正在通过的阵雨scattered showers 零零散散的阵雨torrential
25、 rain, downpour 暴雨waterspout 水龙卷drizzle 毛毛雨freezing rain 冻雨sleet 雨夹雪squall 飑（线）hurricane 飓风tornado 龙卷风thunderstorm 雷暴flash of lightning 闪电光lightning 闪电hail 冰雹hailstorm 雹暴soft hail 软雹snow 雪snowstorm 雪暴snowflake 鹅毛大雪snow shower 阵雪snow gust 突然一阵大雪icing 结冰ice 冰sheet of ice 一层冰rime 白霜，雾淞A.2.6 温度（temperat
26、ure）surface temperature 地面温度outside air temperature 外界温度，大气温度dewpoint 露点温度the temperature rise 温度上升the temperature drop 温度下降the temperature is rising 温度在上升the temperature is falling 温度在下降the temperature is steady 温度稳定freezing level 冻冰点温度， 结冰层，（指结冰层的下限）A.2.7 跑道道面状况（runway surface condition）loose snow
27、 软雪firm snow 实雪compacted snow 压实的雪melting snow 在化的雪slush 雪水（或半化的雪）snow drift 雪堆snow plough 扫雪车snow clearance 雪清除the north taxiway is snowbound 北滑行道被雪封住了the runway is wet 跑道湿the runway is icy 跑道上有结冰the runway is slippery 跑道滑pools of water 跑道积水ice patches 冰块（指跑道上结成的一块块的冰）glazed frost(clear ice) 明冰hoar
28、 frost 白霜braking action is poor 刹车效应差braking action is medium 刹车效应中braking action is good 刹车效应好A.3 机场车辆与设备（airport vehicle and equipment）servicing truck 地面特种车辆airport passenger bus/ferry 摆渡车tug/towing tractor 拖车tow bar 拖把ground power unit 地面电源车catering truck 食品车（配餐车）ground air preconditioning unit 地
29、面空调车water service truck 供水车galley service truck 餐车dolly 平台车tractor 牵引车fork lift truck 叉车fire truck 救火车ambulance 救护车crash tender 事故处理车wheelbarrow 独轮手推车air steps 机载客梯snow plough 犁雪车ramp vehicle 机坪车辆security van 保安运货车ice-melter 除冰车coach 大客车refueller 加油车hydrant dispenser 管线加油车runway snow blower 吹雪车sweep
30、er 清扫车A.4 地面相关服务（relevant ground service）rubber removal 清除橡胶scrub 洗涤，擦洗conveyor 输送带passenger gate 登机口terminal 候机楼ground handling 地勤cargo door sill 货舱门基座pallet 平板架，托板chute 行李滑运道jetway 廊桥（美）air bridge/loading bridge 廊桥（英）pier 候机楼登机走廊stairway 扶梯apron/ramp 客/停机坪hangar 机库customs 海关blast fences 防吹墙loadsheet 舱单customs clearance 海关验放air waybill 航空运货单safety services 安全服务w
