1、初中英语单词 QR S初高中词汇 QR教学目标：1.初高中以QR字母开头的单词用法 2.初高中重点句型应用教学重难点：1.初高中以QR字母开头的单词用法联合记忆 2.初高中重点句型应用一. 重点词汇及短语1. question 【用法】 n.问题；疑问【搭配】 1.beside the question 离题，在问题之2.out of the question 没问题，毫无疑问 3.out of the question 不可能的，办不到的。4.put a question to sb.向某人担问题 5.without question 毫无疑问【辨析】trouble，problem，ques
2、tion， matter question 指主观存在的“疑惑、疑问”，所以是需要“回答answer的”； problem 指客观存在的和遇到的疑难问题，有时指较严重的问题，所以是需要“解决（ solve ， work out ）的 trouble 指遇到的“麻烦、问题”，指存在并有点棘手的问题； matter 表示“事情，麻烦”，指具有某种特征的事例。【举例】Having lived in the town for quite a few years, Mr. Johnson no longer felt _ among the local people.A. out of order B.
3、 out of place C. out of control D. out of the question2. raise 【用法】v.暗 举起；使升高【搭配】1.raise ones eyes 举目观看 2.raise ones voice against sb/sth坚决的发言而反对某人或某事物。【辨析】raise, rise, arise, arouse rise, arise 是不及物动词raise, arouse是及物动词 rise 意为“升起，增高,增涨”- rise（rose，risen） 说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价等，无被动语态
4、。 The sun rose at seven oclock. 太阳七点钟升起。The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。 arise意为“开始发生，出现，产生” - arise（arose，arisen）常用短语：arise from / out of sth.由引起；因产生。 Problems arose from the outset.一开始就产生了很多问题。 arouse意为“激起，唤醒；使. 奋发” 1.arouse ones interest / sympathy“唤起某人的兴趣 / 同情心” 2.arouse sb. 唤醒某人He fe
5、ll into a sound sleep, dont arouse him. 他睡熟了，别唤醒他。 raise vt. 说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。【举例】1. Last year the advertising rate_by 20 percent. A. raised B. aroused C. arose D. rose2.They glasses to the friendship between the two peoples. 他们举杯为两国人民的友谊干杯。 3. This weight is too heavy;
6、I cant it. 这东西太重，我举不起来。4.The lecture my interest. 报告引起了我的兴趣。5.Salaries have been 。现在薪水已增加了。 6. Serious complications may from this sudden change of plans.突变的计划可能会导致严重的纠纷。3. rather 【用法】 adv. 宁可；最好【搭配】1.would/had ratherthan 宁愿 而不愿：He would/had rather stay at home than go out.他宁愿呆在家也不愿出门2.ratherthan 与其
7、 倒不如，不是 而是： Hed rather drink boiled water than coffee. 他宁愿喝开水也不愿喝咖啡。 He is an artist rather than a philosopher.与其说他是个哲学家不如说他是个艺术家注意： 注意：would ratherthan 词组中，后面接动词原形，但当would rather 后跟从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即用过去时表示现在或将来要做的事：e.g.I would rather that we stopped now.我宁可现在停下来。4. reach 【用法】v.伸出；延伸 ；到达 相当于【搭配】1.get t
8、o / arrive in/arrive at 2.reach ones hand 出手 3.reach sb. Sth. 给某人某物4.with easy reach of 在容易达到 的地方：在 的附近5. realise (realize) 【用法】n.& v 意识；认知；意识到；认识到. （不用于被动语态）【辨析】realize / understand 这两个词是近义词，在一起比较一般和含义是“意识到”，“弄明白”，常常可以互换使用。You dont understand / realize what a difficult position Im in. 你不会明白我的处境多么困难
9、。 realize 也可以表示“实现”：The Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country.中国人民必将实现国家现代化。 understand 也可以表示“听懂，理解”The English understand them.英国人说话都能互相听懂，可是他们讲话我却听不懂。6. receive 【用法】v.接收；收到；接受；【搭配】1.receive sth from sb 2.receive a letter from sb = hear from sb3.received opinion 【拓展】
10、adj 公认为正确而普遍接受的 n. receiver 接受者， 电话听筒 【辨析】get , receive, accept get侧重获得，主观意识强;还可以做系动词，解释为使得./变得. (没有被动形式)I got a gift from my mother。我从妈妈那获得了一件礼物I got him bored 我惹恼他了 I got tired我(变得)好累 receive侧重收到，指的是客观。I received a note from the bank 我收到了银行通知单。 accept的意思是:认可/接受. 反义词为refuse:拒绝I received a gift from
11、 him，but I didnt accept it 。我收到了一件他送的礼物，但是我们接受。【举例】1.If no one _ the phone at home, ring me at work.A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives2.As they havent a child of their own, theyre going to _ a little girl.A. acceptB. receiveC. adaptD. adopt3.In this seaside resort，you can _all the comfort
12、and convenience of modern tourism Aenjoy Bapply Creceive Dachieve 7. remind 【用法】v. 提醒，使记起【举例】I cant think of his name, can you remind me?【搭配】remind sb of / about sth 提醒某人某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事 remind sb + that 从句【演练】Tom remind the manager_ the meeting in the afternoon. A. of B. at C. for D.
13、 to He reminds her _they would do to the Summer Palace this afternoon. A. that B. what C. when D. where8. require 【用法】v.需要；规定 (不用于进行时态) All cars requires servicing reqularly【搭配】make some requirements【拓展】n. requirement【辨析】demandrequestaskrequire demand表示有正当权利的要求，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。 require 表示按照法规、权利提出的
14、要求或命令，指客观需要。 I have done all that is required by law。我已经按照法律规定把一切做好。 request则表示“有礼貌的请求或正式的请求”。 atonesrequest / byrequestofsb. Many people have requested the next song. 许多人要求听下面这首歌。 ask 一般用的比较多，比较通俗，语气也较客气。 Theteacher askedyoutobeabsent。老师要求你不在场. require和request都可以接宾语 + to do，而demand没有此种用法。 require +
15、 动名词时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand和request无此种用法。【举例】His request _ help has been rejected by the board.A. of B. from C.on D.for9. return 【用法】v.回；返回；【搭配】1. return sth. to sb. 带回或送回某物。 2. return a favor 回报 3. return to 返回 4. Many happy returns! 祝你长寿！ 5. return blow for blow 以牙还牙6. return thanks 答谢10. right 【
16、用法】n. & adj. 公正的；正确的：【搭配】1. all right 同意，赞同 2. do the right thing 做得好 3. right away 立刻，马上 4. right here 就在这里 5.right now 就在现在6. by rights 按理；照理7. in the right 有里11. run (ran, run) 【用法】v.跑；逃避 经营【搭配】1.run after sb 追赶某人 2.run away from sb 突然离开某人或某处3.run into sb 偶然遇见某人4.run out of sth/run sth out 用完，耗尽5
17、. run across 碰到，遇到6. run for 竞选【拓展】名词： runner【举例】1. I learned to _ a bicycle as a small boy.A. ride B. drive C. operate D.run 2. If you drive so fast, youll_ someone some day. 3. He didnt want to _ president (in) that year.The thief _ assoon as he could in order to escape from being caught. 4. Ive _
18、 my ink.5. I happened to _ Xiao Li in the street. 6. In that way youll only _ difficulties.12. rush 【用法】v.冲；奔腾 The students rushed out of the classroom. 学生们从教室里冲出来。【搭配】1.rush into 冲进去 2.rush out of 冲出来3.run into doing sth 仓促行事二. 重要句型句型41：have gone to Wheres he？Hes gone to Washington他在哪儿？他去华盛顿了。 句型42
19、：be famous for Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。 句型43：No matter 疑问句主句 No matter when you come，you are welcomed无论你们什么时候来，都受欢迎。 句型44：be afraid（oftodothat） Im afraid not恐怕不能。 Dont be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。 Hes afraid to go out at night晚上他不敢出去
20、。 Im afraid that he cant come here tomorrow恐怕他明天不能来这儿。 句型45：asas possibleasas sbcan I hope to see him as soon as possible我希望能尽快见到他。 He ran here as fast as he could他尽最大努力跑到这儿。 句型46：practiseenjoyfinish doing A young man practised speaking English with Mr Green一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语。 Tom enjoys playing footba
21、ll very much汤姆很喜欢踢足球。 He finished reading the story book他看完了那本故事书。 句型47：Its said that Its said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。 句型48：Not alleveryone Not all sharks are alike并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。 Not everyone likes dumplings并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。 句型49：be based on His argumen
22、t is based on facts他的论断是以事实为根据的。 句型50：so that Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight把树放入洞穴中，让它立直。三. 重点语法非谓语动词I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto be doing to have doneto be doneto have been done在非谓语前加notfor sb. to do sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghaving donebein
23、g donehaving been done具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesbs doing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss
24、, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired
25、 of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do（指动
26、作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing（试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意识是，意味着）cant help to do（不能帮忙做） cant help doing（忍不住要做）III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, e
27、ncourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成I heard him call me several times.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changed.IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别：区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有
28、动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系Shall we go to the swimming pool?现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves / the f
29、allen leaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：区别举例不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。My dream is to become a teacher.To obey the law is important. (dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用)动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象
30、，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。It is no use saying that again and again.Teaching is my job.分词无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到”之意，主语多是人。The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.(常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, d
