1、学年新教材高中英语Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworlUnit 4 Scientists who changed the world单元综合检测(四).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分；满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThe advancement of human civilization is possible just because of enormous contribution made by scientists.They are one of the most influential peopl
2、e of todays world.With practical advantages in engineering，medicine and technology，they have helped us to grow better understanding about the world and different working phenomenon that governs us.Their names are remembered in the sands of time for their work in the welfare of mankind with different
3、 inventions that has made our modern lives easy.Here is a list of the four great scientists weve ever seen who changed the world.Louis Pasteur(18221895)Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies，anthrax and other infectious diseases.He also in
4、vented the process of pasteurization(加热杀菌法)to make milk safer to drink.He probably saved more lives than any other person.Otto Hahn(18791968)Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclear fission(裂变)in 1939.He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radiochemistry，and discovered radioactive ele
5、ments in 1921.He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.Nikola Tesla(18561943)Tesla worked on electromagnetism and AC current.He obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions from electricity to radio transmission，but many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent
6、protection.He played a key role in the development of modern electricity.James Clerk Maxwell(18311879)Maxwell made great progress in understanding electromagnetism.His research in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum(量子)physics.Einstein said of Maxwell，“The work of James Clerk Ma
7、xwell changed the world forever.”【语篇解读】本文介绍了四位伟人，四个人都为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。1What contribution did Louis Pasteur make to society?AThe development of medicine.BRadiochemistry.CModern electricity.DQuantum physics.A细节理解题。根据第二段“Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cu
8、res for rabies，anthrax and other infectious diseases.”可知，Louis Pasteur 促进了医学的发展。所以A选项是正确的。2Who was thought highly of by Einstein?ALouis Pasteur. BOtto Hahn.CNikola Tesla. DJames Clerk Maxwell.D细节理解题。根据最后一段“Einstein said of Maxwell，The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.”可知，爱因斯坦对Ja
9、mes Clerk Maxwell的评价很高。所以D选项是正确的。3What can we infer about the four people?AThey are medical pioneers.BThey are Nobel Prize winners.CThey are great contributors to society.DThey are founders of modern physics.C主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，他们四个人都是社会的重要贡献者，为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。所以C选项是正确的。BMadame Curie，the youngest of the fi
10、ve children，was born in Warsaw，Poland in 1867.Marie Curies maiden name was Manya.Her parents were teachers，and she learned the importance of education at a very early age.No higher education was offered to women in Poland at that time，so Manya took a job as a tutor.She sent part of her income to Par
11、is to help pay for her elder sisters medical studies.Her sister qualified as a doctor and married a fellow doctor in 1891.Manya went to joined them in Paris，changing her name to Marie.She entered the Sorbonne(now the University of Paris)and studied physics and mathematics，graduating at the top of he
12、r class.For the research she wanted to do，she was introduced to another young scientist，Pierre Curie.Later，they fell in love with each other.After she was rewarded the Nobel Prize，fame troubled Marie Curie and also her husband，because science was their world and in this world of science，fame and hon
13、or to persons had no value.One day when a writer for a newspaper tried to ask Marie about herself，her thoughts and her beliefs，she answered him，“In science we must be interested in things，not in persons.” Much of the real character and spirit of this unusual woman was found in these few words，which
14、she was later often to repeat.One evening，at a big party，a friend asked if she would like to meet the King of Greece，who was also a guest.She answered in her simple manner，“I dont see the value of it.” Then，seeing that she hurt the feeling of her friend，she quickly added，“But.but.of course，I shall d
15、o whatever you please.Just as you please.”【语篇解读】居里夫人是一位伟大的科学家。本文简要介绍了她成为科学家前后的生活。从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的个性和人品。4What did Marie Curie once do to help pay for her elder sisters medical studies?AShe was a teacher. BShe was a doctor.CShe was a tutor. DShe was a waitress.C细节理解题。根据第一段第四句和第五句可知，居里夫人曾经做过家庭教师，并用自己的部
16、分收入资助姐姐上学。5What was valuable to Marie Curie?AScience and research. BFame and honor.CCharacter and spirits. DPersons and things.A推理判断题。根据第三段首句可推知，居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科学和研究，名利对他们来说没有任何价值。6The writer for a newspaper was interested in_Athings BMarie CurieCMaries husband DpersonsD推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，给报社写稿的人试图向居里夫人了解
17、有关她的情况，故可推知，这个人关注的是“人”。7What do you think might have happened between Marie Curie and the King of Greece?AThe King was angry with Marie Curie.BFor the sake of her friend Marie Curie met the King of Greece.CThe King of Greece wrote a letter to invite Marie Curie to meet him.DMarie Curie held another
18、party for the King.B推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，居里夫人不忍心伤害朋友的感情，她会顺从朋友，去见希腊国王。CWhat are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age？There are diseases like AIDS and cancer.Theres climate change，of course.And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the worlds growing
19、population？Whos going to solve all these terrible problems？Yes，politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play.Yes，businesses will need to create the economic wealth to pay for some of these things.But whos going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change.I
20、ts going to be a scientist.It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.If you like thinking about the world around you，why not become a scientist？It doesnt mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a l
21、ab as most people often imagine！Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting! Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.Forensic(法医的)scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catc
22、h criminals.Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrows scientists.Dont think a scientist is far away！Maybe you like cooking？You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer.Perhaps sport is your thing？Do you
23、 know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance？You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world.Looking for something to do for the rest of your life？My advice？Take a long and
24、hard look at science.It is interesting and ever.【语篇解读】本文提出在新时代社会必须解决的最大问题，科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。其实每个人都可以成为某个领域的科学家。8Many problems are mentioned in the first paragraph to_Asuggest they are impossible to be solvedBintroduce the causes of these problemsCshow the writers worry about the future worldDshow sc
25、ientists play an important part in solving themD推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句“But whos going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change.Its going to be a scientist.It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.” 可知，第一段中提到的很多问
26、题是为了说明科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。故选D。9What is needed to solve these problems?AAdvanced weapons.BEnough energy.CNew technologies.DA growing population.C细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.” 可知，解决这些问题需要新科技。故选C。10Mos
27、t people think the life of scientists is_Aamazing BboringCcolorful DunrealB推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“It doesnt mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine！” 可知，多数人认为科学家的生活是无聊的。故选B。11Which of the following statements is NOT true according
28、to the passage?AOwing to military technologies，there has been no wars.BFor those interested in cooking，food technologies may be a choice.CForensic scientists play an important part in dealing with crimes.DMost athletes can achieve greater achievement with the help of sports scientists.A细节理解题。根据第三段第一
29、句“Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date.”可知，A项(Owing to military technologies，there has been no wars.由于军事技术，没有发生战争。)是错误的，故选A。DEver called a movie theatre to find out showtime？Or called a customer service centre for help？C
30、hances are you didnt speak to a human being.You probably gave commands to an Automated Speech Recognition(ASR)system.These types of systems are efficient moneysaving tools that allow companies to address many customer concerns with minimum human intervention.The technology for such a system has adva
31、nced greatly since its appearance in the 1950s.One significant recent achievement is the launching of virtual personal assistants(VPAs)on mobile phones.The most wellknown of these is Apples iPhone VPA，Siri.If you tell Siri that you want to schedule lunch with a friend，“she” can set the appointment o
32、n your phone in seconds.The VPA can also hold a basic “conversation” with a sense of humor.However，it can only be set off when the human user speaks certain key phrases or words.While the potential for communication between a human and a machine may seem exciting，this possibility concerns some people.Some experts worry about peoples attachment to
