1、专题 形容词和副词专题三 形容词和副词【2014考纲解读】形容词和副词在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点，以形容词和副词辨析为热点。同时继续加强对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。其考点主要包括：1.考查形容词和副词词义辨析。2.考查形容词修饰名词时的词序，即指示代词/不定代词数词(序数词、基数词)描绘性形容词特征性形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)颜色形容词国籍、出处物质、材料用途、类别中心名词。 3考查形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。4考查与形容词和副词有关的习语结构。2014年高考对形容词、副词的
2、考查热点将仍然集中在对形容词、副词的词义辨析上，同时继续加强对形容词、副词比较等级的考查。【重点知识梳理】一、形容词和副词的基本用法1形容词在句中的作用。(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。(2)形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态。He was lying in bed，dead.(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如：He is an ill man.(错)The man is ill.(对)She is an afraid girl.(错)The girl is afrai
3、d.(对)(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/onethousandword等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语。如：Tom is a twoyearold boy.2副词在句中的作用。副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。如：Obviously you are wrong.二、常用连接性副词的用法1though用作副词时，常在句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折意义。2therefore“因此，所以”，表示结果。3meanwhile“与此同时，在此期间”，表示前后分句的动作同时发生。4moreover“另外”，表示承接关系。5how
4、ever“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。6besides“另外；还有”，表示递进关系。7instead“相反”，表示前后分句意义相反。三、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级1平级比较(1)as形容词/副词原级as像一样(2)asadj.a/an名词as像一样的(3)as mucha/an名词as和一样是(4)not as/so形容词/副词原级as.不如那样Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。It is generally
5、 believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2比较级(1)the比较级.，the比较级.越，越The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔细，你犯的错误越少。(2)the比较级of the two名词，表示“两个中较的”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.这两个男孩中较高的是我哥哥。3比较级的修饰词常见的修饰词有much，a lot，a great
6、deal，far，even，a bit, a little, any(否定句、疑问句中)，具体的数据等。He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级；最高级常用by far/much或序数词作状语。如：The population of China is by far the largest in the world.Africa is the second largest continent.例1. (2013辽宁，33)This is by far _ movie that I have ever
7、 seen.Aan inspiring Ba much inspiring Cthe most inspiring Dthe more inspiring4几种带有否定词的比较句型(1)no better than表示“和一样；实际等于”。例如：The patient is no better than he was yesterday.病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。(2)no more.than表示“同一样不”。例如：A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸和马都不是鱼。(3)no less. than表示“和一样；不逊于”。例如：The tec
8、hnique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。5比较级表达最高级含义(1)“否定词比较级”有最高级的含义。Your story is perfect；Ive never heard a better one before。你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到比这更好听的故事。(2)比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall the other复数名词比较级thananyone else比较级thanany of the o
9、ther复数名词比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数名词例如：朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.Julia is the tallest girl in h
10、er class.四、倍数表达法1A is倍数比较级thanB2A is倍数as原级asB3A is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)ofB4the名词(size，length，height等)of A is倍数thatofB5A is倍数what引导的名词性从句长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.The Yangtze River is three
11、 times the length of the Pearl River.The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.例2.(2013安徽，33)Its said that the power plant is now _ large as what it was.Atwice as Bas twice Ctwice much Dmuch twice五、形容词作定语时的位置1通常置于所修饰的词之前，但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如：Someone strange is asking to see y
12、ou.Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.2else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如：No one else can answer the question.3多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如：an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.【高频考点突破】考点一、考查形容词短
13、语辨析例1（2013安徽卷） David is _ animal fur, so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house. Acurious about Ballergic to Csatisfied with Dfond of【变式探究】（2013湖北卷）People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often _ rather than based on fixed criteria.Aappropriate BconsciousCarbit
14、rary Dcontroversial考点二、考查副词辨析例2（2013辽宁卷）Everything seemed to be going _ for the first two days after I moved to New York.Avividly Bgenerally Cfrequently Dsmoothly【变式探究】（2013新课标全国卷）Tony can hardly boil an egg，still _ cook dinner.A. less Blittle C. much Dmore考点三、考查形容词比较级例3、（2013新课标全国卷）It may not be a
15、great suggestion. But before _ is put forward, well make do with it.A. a good one Ba better one C. the best one D. a best one【变式探究】（2013天津卷）I think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere are_ meaningful things to do.A. less Bmore C. the least D. the most考点四、考查形容词修饰名词的词序例4. Its said that_
16、scientist is going to give us a lecture.A. an American famous young Ba famous American youngCa famous young American Da young famous American考点五、考查倍数的用法例5. The new bridge is _the one built last year.Athree times as wider as Bthree times the width of Cthree times the width Das three times as 【变式探究】Th
17、e new country road is _ of the old one.Atwice the width Bthe width twiceCtwice as the width Das twice the width解析：A。句意：这条新的乡村路是旧的两倍宽。依据倍数表达用法选A项。【经典考题精析】【2013高考真题精选】（2013新课标I卷）25.Tony can hardly boil an egg, still _ cook dinner. A. less B. little C. much D. more （2013浙江）18.If what your friend comes
18、up with surprise you, dont reject it immediately. _, imagine that it is true.A .Thus B. Besides C. Rather D. Otherwise答案：C 解析：（2013浙江）6.If we leave right away,_ well arrive on time.A.hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually【答案】A【解析】句意：如果我们现在走的话，还有望按时到达。 A 有希望地，有可能地好奇地偶然地逐渐地【考点定位】副词词义辨析。（2
19、013福建卷)35. A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away, but it cannot be successful _if we do something to stop progress.A. either B. neither C. too D. also（2013福建卷)31. Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy _ priced bikes.A. comp
20、etitively B. recently C. reasonably D. affordably（2013福建卷)25. The Forbidden City attracts a _ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.A. constant B. main C. powerful D. shallow（2013湖北卷)27. People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often _ rather than ba
21、sed on fixed criteria.A. appropriate B. conscious C. arbitrary D. controversial（2013湖北卷)28. He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a _ contribution to help the community.A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D. profitable【答案】B【解析】句意：他毫不自私地把自己从他叔叔那里
22、继承的那笔钱作为已有，向社会作出慷慨的捐献。commercial“商业的；贸易的；营利的”；generous“慷慨的，大方的”；comparable“比较的；比得上的”；profitable“有利可图的，有益的”。【考点定位】考查形容词的意义。（2013湖北卷)29. Dont defend him any more. Its obvious that he _ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.A. accidentally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily（2013
23、湖南卷)28. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how B. that C. which D. where（2013辽宁卷)33.This is by far movie that I have ever seen.A.an inspiring B.a more inspiring C.the most inspiring D.a much inspiring（2013辽宁卷)27.Everything seemed to be go
24、ing for the first two days after I arrived in New York.A.vividly B.generally C.frequently D.smoothly【答案】D.【解析】句意：我到达纽约的前两天好像一切顺利。vividly明显地；generally一般地，通常地；frequently频繁地；smoothly顺利地。根据句意选D。【考点定位】考查副词辨析。（2013安徽卷)33. It, s said that the power plant is now large as what it was. A. twice as B. as twice
25、 C. twice much D. much twice【2012高考真题精选】【2012湖南】24. Bicycling is good exercise; _, it does not pollute the air. A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore【2012辽宁卷】22. We used to see each other , but I havent head from him since last year. A. especially B. regularly C. particularly D. appro
26、ximately【考点定位】副词词义辨析【答案】B【解析】A项意为“尤其；特别”；B项意为“定期地，经常地”；C项意为“特别，尤其”；D项意为“近似地，大约”。根据句意“我们原来经常见面，但从去年我就没再收到过他的信”。【2012四川卷】7. The hotel is almost finished, but it _ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.A. only B. also C. even D. still【2012北京卷】28. Many people have donated that type of blood; ho
27、wever, the blood bank needs _.A. some B. less C. much D. more【答案】D【考点定位】形容词考点。比较级，根据句意即刻判断。【2012全国II】13. Next to biology , I like physics _.A. better B. best C. the better D. very well【2012全国新课程】29. This restaurant wasnt that other restaurant we went to. A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as g
28、ood as half D. good as half as【2012全国新课程】26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much _.A. the best B. bestC. better D. the better【2012山东卷】33. Be _ you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time. A. reasonable B. confident C. creative D. grateful【2012福建卷】2
29、7. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should berespected.A. especially B. equally C. naturally . D. normally【2012福建卷】32. Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind? Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still _. A. available B. affordable C. acceptable D. valuabl
30、e【2012浙江卷】18. Mike was usually so careful, _this time he made a small mistake.A. yet B. still C. even D. thus【2012浙江卷】10. The research lacks evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.A. solid B. fierce C. severe D. potential【2012湖北卷】26. “Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it,” Father suggested _ to his neighbor who h
