1、新课标学年高中英语module5thegreatsportspersonaliPeriod Four GrammarReview of adverbial clauses感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1When he retired at the age of 26，he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world.2But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport，Li Ning retired with th
2、e feeling that he had failed.3If you go into a school or university anywhere，the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.4Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics，they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.5The marathon is the fin
3、al Olympic event because it is thought to be the hardest.1以上句中，句1、4是时间状语从句。2句2是让步状语从句。3句3是条件状语从句。4句5是原因状语从句。状语从句也称为副词性从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用，可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句等。本模块复习时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句。一、时间状语从句常用来引导时间状语从句的词有：w
4、hen，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，until/till，assoonas，immediately，themoment等。1when，while和as引导的时间状语从句(1)when“当时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或先后发生；从句中的动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性动词。Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport.我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。(同时发生)Hewenthomewhenhehadfinishedhishomework.做完作业后他回家了。(先后发生)(2)while“与同时，在期
5、间”，while引导的从句中动词常为延续性动词或表示状态的动词。PleasebequietwhileImtalkingtoyou.我和你说话时，请保持安静。(3)as“当时”(atthesametime)不指先后，指动作或事件同时发生，还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。Wealwayssingaswewalk.我们总是边走边唱。AsIgetolder，Igetmoreoptimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更乐观。2before和since引导的时间状语从句(1)若表达“还未就”“不到就”“才”“趁还来得及”时，需用连词before。Hehadputthebrokenvaseawaybef
6、orehismothercameback.他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。(2)Itwillbe时间段beforesb.do/does.多久之后才。Itwillbe3daysbeforeourmanagersignstheagreement.要过三天后经理才签那份协议。(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作。since从句的时态通常是一般过去时，主句的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIgotsick.自从我病了以后，他经常给我写信。(4)在“Itis时间段s
7、ince从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。Itishalfayearsinceshewasinourclass.她离开我们班有半年了。Itisthreeyearssincehesmoked.他戒烟有三年了。3till/until引导的时间状语从句主句的谓语动词如果是延续性的，主句常用肯定形式，意为“一直到”，表示主句的动作一直持续到until所表示的时间为止；如果是非延续性的，主句常用否定形式，意为“直到才”。Iwaitedtill/until9：00.我一直等到9点钟。(wait为延续性动作)Ididntgotobeduntil/tillmyfather
8、cameback.我直到父亲回来才上床睡觉。(gotobed为非延续性动作)注意(1)在not.until.结构中，notuntil位于句首时主句用部分倒装。NotuntilrecentlydidIknowwhathehaddone.直到最近我才知道他所做的事。(2)在强调句中，强调until引导的时间状语时，常把not提前，构成Itisnt/wasntuntil.that.。Itwasntuntil11oclockthathereturnedhome.直到11点他才回家。4assoonas.，hardly.when.，nosooner.than.一就若把表示否定含义的副词hardly/nos
9、ooner等放在句首，它们所在的主句要部分倒装，且主句要用过去完成时态。Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanitbegantorain.他刚到天就开始下雨了。5表示“一就”的一些副词有：immediately，instantly，directly等。Immediatelythebellrang，theboysrushedout.铃一响，男孩子们就冲出去了。6一些表示时间的名词词组，如themoment，eachtime，everytime，thefirsttime，thelasttime，nexttime，th
10、eminute，theinstant等也可以用来引导时间状语从句，起连词的作用。Everytimehecame，hewouldbringmegoodnews.他每一次来，都会给我带来好消息。ThefirsttimeIwenttoMountTai，Iwasveryhappy.第一次去泰山，我非常高兴。二、条件状语从句条件状语从句是由if，once，as/solongas，unless，onconditionthat，incase等引导的。在条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时，现在完成时代替将来完成时。1if和unless是最常用的条件状语从句的连接词，unl
11、ess在意义上等于if.not.，并且语气较强。if可用于虚拟条件句。YouwillimproveyouroralEnglishifyoukeeponpractising.如果你坚持练习的话，你将会提高你的英语口语。Unlesshestudieshard，hewillneverpasstheexamination.他如果不努力学习，就永远不能考及格。2incase后接一般现在时、一般过去时或包含should的从句，为主句的动作提供理由。DontgoouttomorrowmorningincaseMrLishouldcometovisityou.明天上午不要出去以防李先生来拜访你。三、让步状语从
12、句让步状语从句由although/though，as，evenif/though，while，whatever，nomatterwho/how/when等词引导。1although和though意义一样，意为“虽然，即使”，表示让步，一般可换用，只是although语气较重，大多置于句首。although/though引导让步状语从句时，主句中不可出现but。另外although不可当副词用，而though可以。Theyaregenerousthough/althoughtheyarepoor.虽然他们很穷，但他们很慷慨。2whatever，however和no matter what/how
13、这两种形式都可引导让步状语从句，意义无差别。Whatever/Nomatterwhathappens，wewillnotchangeourminds.无论发生什么事，我们都不会改变想法。Howeverdifficult/Nomatterhowdifficulttheworkis，wewilltryourbesttofinishitintime.无论工作多么困难，我们都要尽全力及时完成。3形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词as/though可引导让步状语从句，表示强调。Youngas/thoughheis，heknowsalotaboutlife.尽管他很小，但他对生活懂得挺多。Hardasshet
14、ried，shefailedtopasstheexam.尽管她努力了，但还是没有通过考试。注意(1)as引导让步状语从句时，要用倒装结构，动词或现在分词放在句首，谓语要加助动词do，does，did或will等；作表语的单数可数名词置于句首时，其前不加冠词。Failashedid，hewouldnevergiveup.尽管失败了，他也绝不会放弃。Intelligentstudentasheis，hedoesntstudyhard.尽管他是个聪明的学生，但他不努力学习。(2)though引导的从句也可像as引导的从句一样使用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。4whether
15、.or.引导的让步状语从句Whetheryougoornot，Iwillgotovisitmyteachers.不管你去不去，我都要去看望我的老师。5while也可引导让步状语从句，突出对比主句和从句所表示的两种情况。一般要位于句首。Whileheisyoung，heisexperienced.他虽然年轻，却有经验。单句语法填空1Ifwedontstopclimatechange，manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.(2018北京)2Unlessyoucansleepwell，youwilllosetheabilitytofocus，planand
16、staymotivatedafteroneortwonights.(2018江苏)3Ifyoudontunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.(2017北京)4While/Although/Thoughbirdsusetheirfeathersforflight，someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.(2017北京)5While/Although/Thoughsomepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsucces
17、s，othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.(2016江苏)6Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen，eventhough/ifhesinhisnineties.(2016北京)7Astheaverageageofthepopulationincreases，therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.(2016天津)8Overtime，as/whenthepopulationgrew，peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmore
18、quickly.(2016全国)9When/Ifitcried，sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats.(2016四川).句型转换1Nomatterwhoyouare，Iwontopenthedoor.Whoeveryouare，Iwontopenthedoor.2Wewillnothavedirectcontactswithyouuntilyouagreetodowhatwesay.Notuntilyouagreetodowhatwesaywillwehavedirectcontactswithyou.3Thestormhad
19、nosoonerstartedthanallthelightswentout.Nosoonerhadthestormstartedthanallthelightswentout.4Hefeltathrillthemomenthegotintothetheatre.Hefeltathrillassoonashegotintothetheatre.5Althoughthegirlisyoung，sheisgoodatcommunicatingwithsuchaperson.Youngas/thoughthegirlis，sheisgoodatcommunicatingwithsuchaperson
20、.完成句子6IhaventheardfromhimsincehewenttotheUnitedStates.自从他去了美国，我就没有收到他的来信。7Ihadhardlygottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.我刚到办公室我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。8Marysmotherdoesntallowhertogoanywhereunlessanothermemberofthefamilyisalong.玛丽的妈妈不允许她去任何地方，除非有其他家庭成员一起。9.While/Although/ThoughIunderstandwhatyous
21、ay，Idontagreewithyou.虽然我理解你说的话，但是我不同意你的意见。10.Muchas/thoughheloveshisdaughter，heisstrictwithher.他虽然很爱自己的女儿，但是他对她很是严格。11.Aslongasyoudontloseheart，youwillsucceed.只要你不灰心，你会成功的。12Hecanusethebicycleoncondition(that)hereturnsittomorrow.他可以用这辆自行车，条件是明天必须归还。13.Immediately/Instantly/Theminute/Themoment/Theins
22、tant/AssoonasIsawher，Iknewtherewassomethingwrong.我一看到她就知道出问题了。14Wellstartourmeetingontimewhetherhecomesornot.无论他来还是不来，我们都要按时开始会议。15Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture，although/thoughhistorycantbechanged.尽管历史不能被改变，但我们可以从中吸取教训来面对未来。基础巩固.单句语法填空1Ifyoudontmind，Illstopandtakeadeepbreath.2Becausetheareasuse
23、dforplayingfieldsareoftenroughandrocky，millionsofrealballsgoflatwithin24hours.3Whydidntyoutellmethetruth? Before/WhenIbookedtheticket，youpromisedtodrivenonstopfromAyetoNorwich.4Johnfailedintheexam，though/althoughhehadpreparedalotforitbefore.5When/Wheneverthemerchantfacedsomeproblems，healwaysturnedto
24、hisoldfriends.6Hisworkswerenothighlyregardeduntilhediedin1936.7MrGateswasonly21yearsoldwhenhefirsthelpedtosetupthecompanyin1976.8Asisreported，itisover100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.9Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.10Unlesswehaveenoughevidence，wecantwint
25、hecase.完成句子11.Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool，hehasbeenworkingveryhard.自从上高中以来，他一直很用功。12Seniorhighschoolstudentsshoulddoexerciseforonehouradayeventhough/though/althoughtheirsparetimeislimited.即使高中生的业余时间有限，他们还是应该每天锻炼一小时。13.Ifwelendahelpinghandtoothers，wewillbeofferedhelpwhenwehavedifficulty.如果我们对别人伸出援助
26、之手，那么当我们有困难时也会得到别人的帮助。14NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到开始工作，我才意识到我已经浪费了多少时间。15.Whenever/NomatterwhenIamintrouble，myparentssurelyhelpmeoutsothatIcanadjustmyselfingoodcondition.每当我遇到麻烦的时候，我的父母一定会帮助我以使我调整到良好状态。.句型转换16OnarrivinginChengdu，hetelephonedhisfriend.Themoment/instant/mi
27、nutehearrivedinChengdu，hetelephonedhisfriend.17Ihadnoideaofituntilyoutoldmeaboutit.NotuntilyoutoldmeaboutitdidIhaveanyideaofit.18Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.19ThoughIlikeitmuch，Iwontbuyit，foritssoexpensive.MuchasIlikeit，Iwontbuyit，foritssoexpensive.20Wewillf
28、inishourworkinthreedays.Itwillbethreedaysbeforewefinishourwork.能力提升.完形填空Ifyouhavealittlechild，whohatessittinginachildcarseat，thentheFreedomRideistheanswertoyourproblem.Wouldyouwanttobe21inanunchangeablepositioneverytimeyoureinthecar? No.Youwouldnt!Whena22sitsinacarforanylengthoftime，westretch，wechan
29、getheposition，wemoveourlegs，andshift23.Wedothisautomatically，andwithout24.Butkidsinatraditionalcarseatcantdothis.Theyarestuckinoneposition，andthey25move.Wemovebecausethe26ofbloodneedstoberestoredinourlegsaswesitinthe27positionforanyextendedlengthoftime.Inatraditionalcarseat，thechildcantmoveto28thepa
30、in，soit29theminabadmood.TheFreedomRideletsthemhavealittle30，andstillbesafe.The5pointharnessgivesthemadditionalsafety31atraditionalchildcarseat.IamtheW，and32JoeySafeaskedustoredotheirwebsite，I was 33 by this system.That is because I have two small children，and we obviously34carseats.IliveinSouthernCa
31、lifornia，andevery35ofmonths，mywife，the girls and I，go to see grandma who lives in Nevada.Its a 5hour drive，so the Freedom Ride36well.Ourtripsaresomuchbetternow，especially，sincethereis37roominthecarwithoutthecarseats.TheFreedomRidereallydid38iteasiertogoontrips.TheonlythingyouneedwhenyouusetheJoeySafe39youroldchildseatisapillow.40，mykidswanttotakeapillowanyway! Asadad，Ifeelsafedrivingw
