1、八年级英语语法归纳整理八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册)Topic1一. 重点词汇( 一 ) 词形转换:1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) kingfortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety( 二 ) 词的辨析1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on3. other /else 4. raise /rise5.each /every 6.exciting / excited(三)重点词组:1.go on a visit t
2、o 去旅行2. make the decision 做决定3.bring back 带回4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定6 see the sunrise 看日出7. make a reservation 预订8. come up with 想出(主意)9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望10. pay for 支付;赔偿11. raise money 筹钱12. book a ticket 订票13. make a room for sb 为订房间14. have a wonderf
3、ul time 玩得愉快15. in the daytime 在白天16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行17.find out 查出18. some places of interest 名胜19. rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间20.a hard (soft) sleeper 硬(软)卧21.my pleasure 不客气二.重点句型及重点语言点1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。to tell you 是动词不定式短语， 作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词
4、之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山玩两天。go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.类似有：go on a trip / go on a picnica two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 a two-month holid
5、ay 两个月的假期an eighteen-year-old boy 一个18岁的男孩4.Its hard to say. 这很难说。To say 是动词不定式作主语，It 是形式主语。如： Its nice to meet you.5. Ill ask the airline on the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：Ill phone and ask the airline.6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and well decide on the best way to go on our field
6、trip. 明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。bring back 带回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.decide on/upon sth 决定，选定 Were trying to decide on a school.7.Its too far for cycling. 骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It too far to cycle there.8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by?乘去泰山要花多长时间?9.How much does it
7、cost to go there ?去那里要花多少钱?How much does a standard room cost ? 一个标准间的价格是多少?10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。at 意为“以”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for 意为“供，适合于”。Ive got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.11.Id like to book 20 ti
8、ckets for the hard sleeper. 我要预订20张硬卧票。20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper ticketsbook tickets 预订票 book a room for sb/sth 为预订房间e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号的房间。12.Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在下午5：30之前付款。Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事e.g.
9、 Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用.13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想预订房间。make a reservation 预订14. We have rooms with a bathtub 我们有带浴缸的房间。with 有或带着 a house with a swimming poola standard room with two single beds15.Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American
10、 schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raise money 筹钱 We can raise the money ourselves.16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。(1)each 作主语，谓语用单数 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket. (2)用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Each student has their own e-mail address.(
11、3)用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。They each have their own e-mail address.17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的来信。Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.三.重点语法动词不定式(1) 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begi
12、n等。可用顺口溜(要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始)(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.(3) 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I dont know how to get to the station.(4) 本topic出现的句子有：I have some exciting news to tell yo
13、u.I want to make a hotel reservation.It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.Topic2一、重点词汇：(一)词形转换：1.explore(名词) exp
14、lore 2. east (形容词) eastern3.north(形容词) northern 4. push (反义词) pull5.sadly(形容词) sad (名词) sadness 6. crowd (形容词) crowded(二)重点词组:1.make a plan 拟定计划2. make sure 确信，确保3. come along with 和一起来4. at the foot of 在的脚下5. be surprised at 对感到惊奇6. be satisfied with 对感到满意7. out of sight 看不见8. step on ones toes 踩着某
15、人的脚9. cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事10. spread over 分布于11.rush out 冲出去12.raise ones head 抬头13.ask sb for help 向某人求助14.thank goodness 谢天谢地二. 重点句型及重点语言点1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在旅行时， 我正忙于准备考试。(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事Im busy preparing fo
16、r my birthday party these days.(2)while 当时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗?Would you 比will you 语气更加客气，委婉, 类似还有could youCould you come along with us ?3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs face
17、d south and had mountains at the back. 他们仔细勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山环绕。make sure 确信，确保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.4.Its about two and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要2个半小时。Two and a half hours = two hours and a half5.Its to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的东面。to the +方位词+of (表示互
18、不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.on the +方位词+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .in the +方位词+of 表示在某一范围内的地区 Beijing is in the north of China.6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他们走进定陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。be surprised at 对感到很惊奇 He is surprised at dragons.be surprised to
19、 do sth 惊奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.7.so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他们不得不寻找停自行车的地方space 空间 Can you make space for this old man ?8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。in ones direction 朝着某人的方向
20、step on ones toes踩了某人的脚step on sth 踩某物 Dont step on the flowers and grass.9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.当他最后冲出人群时，他注意到他的两个朋友都不见了。notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jum
21、ped up happily.三个男孩一见面，就高兴得跳了起来。as soon as 引导时间状语从句 意为“一就”He left as soon as he heard the news.Ill tell him as soon as I see him.11.He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起头。 not until 直到才12.They were so lovely that we couldnt help playing with them.它们太可爱了，我们禁不住和它们一起玩。ca
22、nt help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldnt help laughing.13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我对在中国的一切感到满意。be satisfied with 对感到满意 He is satisfied with my work.14. We even asked the guard for help. 我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.
23、三.重点语法 时间状语从句1。引导词：(1) when, while , as 当时候. when 后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词;while 后跟延续性动词;as 多用于口语，强调同一时间，或一前一后。The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时，老师进来了。Mother always sings as she cooks dinner
24、 for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。(2)not until 直到才，主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。I wont leave here until the rain stops.He didnt sleep until his mother came back home.(3) after 在之后，before 在之前，as soon as 一就I went to sleep after I finished my homework.= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.As soon as the bell rings , t
25、he students will go into the classroom.2. 时态(1)当主句为一般过去时时，从句常用过去的某种时态。While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时。I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.本topic出现的句子有：1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.2.He didnt raise his head
26、 until someone called his name.3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tomb
27、s.6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.Topic3一、重点词汇：(一)词形转换：1. death (动词) die (形容词 )dead 2 slow (副词) slowly3.crossing(动词)cross 介词) across 4. success(动词)succeed (形容词successful5.Pain (形容词) painful 6. lead (名词) leader7.final (副词) finally 8impossible (反义词) possible9 coura
28、ge (动词) encourage(二)重点词组:1.Slow down 减速2. run into 撞到3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事5. ride into 进入 跻身于6 get used to (doing) 习惯于做某事7. a sharp turn 急转弯8. be popular with 受的欢迎9. get a fine 处以罚金10. go on doing sth 继续做某事11. the way to success 成功之路12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交
29、通规则13.break the traffic rules 违反交通规则14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事15.be famous for 因闻名16. be in danger 处于危险中17.after a while 一会儿二. 重点句型及重点语言点1.I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我认为北京的交通很拥堵。traffic 是不可数名词2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人们都遵守交通规则，交通事故将会减少。If
30、 we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人们违反交通规则，将很危险，我们会受到处罚的。这是if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。3.I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。more confident 是比较级4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 这样可以节约能源以及避免空气污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事You should avoid making the mistake like that.He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.5.Bicycles
