1、艺考生文化课人教高考英语百日冲刺复习课件语法突破专题二第4讲高考总复习语法突破专题二第4讲词形变化类非谓语动词艺考生英语考点精析KAO DIAN JING XI考点一非谓语动词作状语1.分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。鼻（1）现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的, 它们之间是主动关系。Hearing the news, they got excited.(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的被动关系。 丨I I I I I IGiven the right kind of traini
2、ng, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars 如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为 国际明星。2.动词不定式作状语I (1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、 原因等。She was surprised to see George walk in.；看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。 I I I I I I (2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do 等，但 so as to d
3、o 不能置于句首。In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。； (3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。 To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(X)对点演练单句语法填空1(2018-北京卷，6)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together (share) a meal, admire themoon and enjoy moon cakes2 (2
4、020-合肥第一次检测)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set, (make) iteasier for people to learn and master.3 In fact, I had heard nothing； possibly because of the noise I made while (slide) down the rock4. (scold) by his parents, Tom was in a low spirit考点二非谓语动词作定语1.动词不
5、定式作定语;动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修 饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。I I She is always the first to come and the last to leave.（主谓关系）她 总是第一个到，最后一个离开。Have you got a letter to write?（动宾关系）你有一封信要写吗？ I I I I I I dDo you have the ability to read and write in English?（同位关系）你有用英语读写的能力吗？2.分词作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, bein
6、g done和done。 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名 词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完 成时,用doneoI have never seen a more moving film. 我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影。The houses being built are for the teachers正在建的房子是给老师的。 ;The broken glass is Toms.k这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。 ; ;:(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和don
7、e, doing表示 正在进行；done表示已经完成。boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 开水3.动名词作定语动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。a walking stick=a stick for walking 手杖a sleeping car=a car for sleeping 臣卜铺车对点演练 单句语法填空1. （2020湖北八校第一次联考）No one can ignore the rich culture（date） back to ancient times changing into the modern age at as
8、peed and scale that has never been witnessed2. （2020洛阳第一次统考）The 15-year-old boy from Oakland hasfascinated audiences in the U S.and China with his ability（sing） pitch-perfect Mandarin（普通话）and perform the ancient Chinese art form.3(2019-山西长治二中等五校一联)With a (puzzle)look on my face, I pointed to myself
9、and said, “ Me ? ”4(2017-北京卷，改编)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students考点三非谓语动词作宾语1.动词不定式作宾语思维拓展She will attempt to beat the world record. 她试图要打破世界纪录。只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语：wish, hope,decide, refuse, promise, pretend, manage, plan, fail, choose, would like 等。2动词ing形
10、式作宾语She likes drawing very much.她很喜欢画画。Mary is thinking of going back to New York. 玛丽正考虑回纽约。imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, advise, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to、 object to 等对点演练单句语法填空1(2019-湖北八校第一
11、次联考)One learns a language by making mistakes and (correct) them.2 Before leaving, we spent half an hour (play) withthe students thee3(2019长春模扌以)You can imagine how excited I was when I saw the bike, and I begged my uncle to teach me how (ride) itright away.4(2017-全国卷III)The result is that people sto
12、p(drive) before they really need to.考点四非谓语动词作宾补1.现在分词作宾补I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch 辻s breakfast.需我抬头注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。 IListen! Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命了吗？2动词不定式作宾补Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 ;We c
13、onsider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。3.过去分词作宾补I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。Ill have my hair cut tomorrow 明天我要理发。 I II consider the matter settled我认为这件事解决了。4. with复合结构作宾补sb./sth.doing（表主动且进行，或表特征） with sth.done（表被动且完成，或表状态）、sthto do（表示将来）With hi
14、s work finished, he can watch TV.由于他完成了工作，他能去看电视了。对点演练单句语法填空1.(2018-天津卷)1 need a new passport so I will have to have my(take)photograph(understand)(block)2(2019-济宁模拟)Let those in needthat we will go all out to help them3. (2019-龙口一模)When we saw the roadwith snow, we decided to spend the holiday at h
15、ome.考点五非谓语动词作主语和表语1.动词不定式作主语:动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，常用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面。Ifs a great pleasure to talk with you.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。2.动名词作主语I动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常 用动名词作主语：It is/was a waste(of.) /no use/no good doing sth.It is no good coming before that.在那之前来没有用。3.动词不定式与动名词作表语I动词不定式作表语表
16、示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动 作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。; ;My dream is to enter Beijing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。 ;My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你们英语。4.分词作表语I表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人的内心感受 时，表语用过去分词。Please describe a dog that is frightening需请描述一只令人害怕的狗。 I I I I 1Please describe a dog that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。对点演
17、练单句语法填空/单句改错1(2018-天津卷，改编)It took him a long time (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.2(2019-河南八市重点高中二次质检)1 felt hopeless and alone, and more (depress) than I knew was possible3(2019-郸城模拟) (understand) your ownneeds and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey
18、 your affection and emotions4 It was both excited and frightening to be up there考点六非谓语动词的时态和语态1.动词不定式的时态和语态时态形式:意义主动语态被动语盎一般式与句子谓语动词的 动作同时发生或在 谓语动词的动作之 后发生to doto bedone进行式在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行to be doing完成式在谓语动词的动作之前发生to havedoneto havebeen done完成进（行式发生在谓语动词的 动作之前并且持续 到谓语动词的动作 发生时仍在进行to have been doingTh
19、e boy pretended to be studying hard when his teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，那个男孩假装正在努力学习。 ;The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance 明天要举行的会议很重要。2.动名词和现在分词的时态和语态时态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般式与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生doingBeing donef完成式先于谓语动词的动 作完成 ;havingdonehaving beendoneDo you like playing chess?你喜欢下棋吗？ ; ; ; ;
20、 ;Having finished his homework, he went to bed.完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。3.非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义(1)动词不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语之间构成逻 辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。(2)动词need, want, require作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主 动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动结构；be worth后也用动 名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 ；Your paper needs checking/to be
21、checked again.你的试卷需要再检查一遍。对点演练单句语法填空1(2017-全国卷 II )Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCS when (attack)2 (finish) his homework, Tom went home3 And finally he drew a conclusion that the water was (blame) (visit).4. (2019-江西九江模拟)We will arrange the Badaling Great Wall for our gue
22、sts today as it is more worthy ofGAO KAO DUI JIE高考对接非谓语动词在语法填空中的命题点1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能(2018-北京卷)Traveling (travel) along the old Silk Road isan interesting and rewarding experience(2018-全国卷HI)The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a(make) it one ofgreat show of the very best of gardening makingth
23、e most popular events in gardening.(2018天津卷)1 didnt mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnft help trying (try) it.单句语法填空1 (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack had decided totake Chinese folk music as an elective course答案:To learn(go) for2 In older to keep fit, the old
24、 man makes it a rule a walk after supper every day.答案：to go3 (expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm toyour skin.答案:Being exposed4 Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way Johncould imagine (handle)stress was to get tougher by makinggreater efforts.答案：to handle5 Listen! D
25、o you hear someone (call)for help?答案：calling6 So far nobody has claimed the money (discover)in thelibrary.答案：discovered7 (see)from the top of the tower, the south foot of themountain is a sea of trees答案：Seen8 The mother felt herself (grow) cold and her handstrembled as she read the letter from the b
26、attlefield. 答案：grow9(2018-浙江卷)1 still remember visiting (visit) a friendwhod lived here for five years.解析：本题考查动词-ing形式作动词宾语。remember doing.记得过去做某事。I；答案：visiting10 (全 国卷 I )They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions 解析：考查
27、不定式。require sb.to do sth要求某人做某事。 答案：to process11.(2019-玉溪一中第二次月考)You lose weight for a while, only (gain) back more weight when you stop your weight lossprogram 解析：%nly+不定式”表示意想不到的结果。答案：to gain12.(2019-湖南六校联盟高三联考)Of course, (enjoy) anice meal with friends , whatever we eat、 can also impact our spiri
28、ts.Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，此处为动名词短语在句中作主语。答案：enjoying13.(2019-吉林吉大附中月考) (think) that his solutionmight be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.解析：think与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分 词形式。故填Thin
29、king答案：Thinking14.(2019黄冈模)The manager was satisfied to see many newproducts (develop) after great efforts.解析：句意：经理看到经过巨大努力许多新产品被研发岀来后非之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词。答案:developed15. (finish) the painting intended to be a gift for hergirlfriend, he had a deep sigh of relief.解析：句意：完成了作为女友礼物的画作，他长舒了一口气。本 句中，he和finish为主动关系，且finish所表示的动作在句中谓语 had所表示的动作之前发生，故应用现在分词的完成式。I I答案: Having finished
