1、版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Scienceandnature讲义牛津译林版Unit 3 Science and nature(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1clone vt. 克隆n. 克隆出来的动物或植物2nutrition n. 营养3fellow n. 男子，家伙；同事，同类4channel n. 水道；航道；隧道5catastrophe n. 灾难，灾祸6insert vt. 插入，嵌入7harvest vt.& vi. 收割(庄稼)n. 收获；收成8saleswoman n. 女售货员，女推销员9physician n纵联1 医师；内科医生10tasty adj. 美味的，可口的
2、11agriculture n. 农业12rainforest n. 雨林.重点单词写其形1accurate adj. 准确的，精确的2brief adj. 短暂的，简洁的，简单的3exact adj. 精确的，准确的4relation n. 关系；亲戚5conduct vt. 实施；指挥乐队6profit n. 利润，收益vi.& vt. 获益；对有用 7concept n. 概念；观念8favour n. 赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒9ordinary adj. 普通的，一般的10confirm vt.& vi. 证实，证明；确认；使确信11transform vt.纵联2 使改变外
3、观或性质(尤指向好的方 向)；使改变形态12summary n. 总结；概括，概要13actual adj. 真实的，实际的14income n. 收入，收益15crime n纵联3 罪，罪行16hunger n. 饥饿；饥荒17breakthrough n. 突破18permission n. 准许，许可，批准.拓展单词通其变1anxiety n忧虑，焦虑，不安anxious adj.担忧的，焦急的2adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳adopted adj.收养的adoption n采用；收养3consequence n结果，后果consequent adj.随之发生的conseque
4、ntly adv.因此，所以4profession n职业，行业professional adj.专业的，职业的5original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的origin n起源；出身，来历6judgement n判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决judge v判断7majority n多数，大多数minority n少数民族；少数8consideration n仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及consider v考虑，认为considering prep.鉴于，考虑到considerate adj.体贴的considerable adj.大量的9reliable adj.可信
5、赖的，可依靠的rely vi.依靠，依赖10frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐frightening adj.(事物)令人害怕的frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的11intention n目的，意图；企图intend vt.意欲，计划；打算纵联1.有病不可乱投“医”physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医eye doctor 眼科医生plastic surgeon 整形外科医生纵联2.前缀“trans”之家transform 使改变形态transplant 移植translate 翻译transmit 传送；传播transfer 转移；转让tra
6、nsparent 透明的纵联3.“犯罪”相关常见词crime n. 罪，罪行accuse vt. 控告；指控charge vt. 控告commit vt. 犯(罪)punish vt. 惩罚；处罚sentence vt. 判决；宣判单元话题前沿科技子话题1人工智能artificial intelligence 人工智能data mining 数据挖掘serviceoriented robots 服务型机器人big data 大数据speech recognition 语言识别cloud computing 云计算子话题2生物技术organism n有机体 upbringing n抚育，养育ma
7、keup n构成，构造 genetics n遗传学component n成分 procedure n程序breed n(动植物的)品种 sample n样本biotechnology n生物科技transplant n& vt.移植reproduce v复制；使再现biodiversity n生物多样性学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2016全国卷阅读C)I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abro
8、ad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of ti
9、me.写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：获得，得到，本词的常用含义为“收获，收割”。写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：insert，意为“植入”。2(2013湖南高考阅读表达)Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial.People learn from her but she also learns from them.She says that the majority of those who come to her are d
10、ealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also to provide real answers.用本单元单词改写句子：she thinks the project profits_each_other写出加黑词块在此处的汉语意思：大多数来找她的人写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：actual，其副词形式为：actually高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2017浙江高考书面表达)这匹狼可能感觉到了来自人们的威胁，开始撤退。因此，它沿着公路跑掉了，
11、消失在远方。(consequence)The_wolf_might_feel_the_threats_from_the_people,_starting_to_withdraw.As_a_consequence/In_consequence,_it_ran_away_off_the_road_and_disappeared_in_the_distance.2(2013广东高考书面表达)另外，候选人应该愿意与他人保持良好关系。(relation)Moreover,_the_candidates_should_be_willing_to_keep_good_relations_with_other
12、s. (二)课堂重点释疑1adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳记牢(1)adopt ones advice (suggestion)/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度adopt an orphan 领养孤儿(2)adopted adj. 领养的adoption n. 收养；采纳练通 单句语法填空Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals.Parents who
13、have an adopted child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is_adopted.(adopt) 完成句子After much consideration, the president decided to adopt_her_suggestion (采纳她的建议)Pupils should be helped to adopt_a_positive_attitude_to (对采取积极的态度) their life.用准adopt与adapt 是容易混淆的形似词，adapt意为“适应”。写美(
14、2018全国卷书面表达)我希望你采纳我的建议，祝你玩得愉快。I_hope_you_would_adopt_my_suggestions_and_have_a_good_time.2consequence n结果；后果记牢(1)as a consequence/result in consequence 因此，结果 as a consequence/result of in consequence of 因为的缘故(2)take/accept/face the consequences of 承担的后果(3)consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的 consequently adv
15、. 因此，结果；所以练通 单句语法填空As a consequence, they cant concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all. 完成句子Tod
16、ay, as_a_consequence_of/in_consequence_of (由于) the rapid development of digital technology, the appearance of people and their way of life have been revolutionary changed.The young should learn to take/accept/face_the_consequences_of (承担的后果) their actions.写美(2013福建高考书面表达)结果，孩子们变得如此依赖父母，以至于他们没有独立的思考或
17、创意。As_a_consequence,_children_become_so_reliant_on_their_parents_that_they_have_no_independent_thoughts_or_creative_ideas.3transform vt.& vi.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造记牢(1)transform (.) into . (把)变成/转化成be transformed from . into/to . 由变成；由迁到(2)transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，变革练通单句语法填空She helps t
18、ransform literature into braille (盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed (transform) from one form into another.He has made a complete transformation (transform) from a comedian into a dramatic act
19、or.写美(2014湖南高考书面表达)当你走路时，一台小型机器将行走所产生的能量转换成电能并储存起来。When_you_walk,_a_small_machine_transforms_the_energy_produced_by_walking_into_electric_energy_and_stores_it.联想“把变成”的其他表达：turn .into .; change .into .等。4conduct vt.指挥乐队；导电；实施，进行；引导n.行为，举止辨清写出下列句中conduct的含义From childhood, she tried to live by the teac
20、hings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct. 行为，举止Knowledge is the candle to conduct you to the bright and true life. 引导In the new century we need to conduct new foreign trade policies to realize highspeed development of our economy. 实施，进行Most metals can conduct elec
21、tricity. 导电Who will conduct the orchestra tonight？指挥写美(2010湖南高考书面表达)到目前为止，我们已经开展了各种英语学习活动，例如观看英语电影、举办圣诞派对、与外国学生聚会等。So_far_we_have_conducted_a_variety_of_activities_on_English_learning,_such_as_watching_English_films,_holding_Christmas_parties_and_getting_together_with_foreign_students_etc.5majority
22、n多数，大多数记牢(1)a/the majority of . 大多数be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数(2)minority n. 少数in the/a minority 占少数(3)major n& v. 专业；主修adj. 主要的major in 主修；以为专业练通 单句语法填空A majority of Africans are (be) forced to work for the Europeans.Even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are (be)
23、 really friendly and Ive made some good friends.For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority are/is (be) over the age of fifty. 单句改错I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college.major后加in 完成句子Th
24、e white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。用准(1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。(2)the majority of 写美(2015浙江高考书面表达)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃自己的看法，而去尊重大多数人的观点。When_I_have_a_different_opinion,_I_may_choose_to_give_it_up_and_respect_the_opinion_of_the_m
25、ajority.6confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信 记牢confirm ones belief 坚定某人的信念be confirmed by sb. 被某人认可It has been confirmed that . 已确定/证实练通完成句子They worked out an effective method, which was_confirmed_by_the_leadership (被领导认可了)It_has_not_been_confirmed (尚未得到证实) that the agreement is to be signed.The recent air
26、plane crash confirms_my_belief (坚定了我的信念) that stronger safety regulations are needed.写美(2011江苏高考书面表达)这张照片使我确信，成为一个好女儿比“好”学生更重要。The_picture_confirms_me_it_is_even_more_important_to_be_a_good_daughter_than_a_“good”_student.7favour n赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；喜爱；偏爱，偏袒vt.支持，偏袒辨清写出下列句中favour的含义We have to apply the same
27、 rules to everyone, showing no favour.偏爱，偏袒Chinese export commodities have enjoyed growing favour among buyers abroad.喜爱I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your car？帮助I talked to Susie about travelling abroad, and she was all in favour of going abroad.赞同 记牢(1)in favour of 支持，赞同；有利于in sb.
28、s favour 有利于某人(2)do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb. 给某人以恩惠；帮助某人ask sb. a favourask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙(3)favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的；良好的favourite adj.& n. 特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)练通 单句语法填空Everyone present at the meeting was in favour of what he put forward.It used to be my favourite (favour) restaurant but the s
29、tandard of cooking has fallen off recently.He made a favourable (favour) impression on his future colleagues. 同义替换Now I wonder whether you could do me a favour.Now I wonder whether_you_could_do_a_favour_for_me.Now I wonder whether_I_could_ask_you_a_favour.写美(2016全国卷书面表达)我写信告诉你一些关于我即将到来的暑假的计划，我也希望你帮我一个忙。I_am_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_my_plan_for_the_coming_summer_vacation_and_I_also_want_you_to_do_me_a_favour.8frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐记牢(1)frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 吓得某人做/不敢做某事frighten . away/off 吓走/跑frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死(2)frightening adj. (事物)令人恐惧的，可怕的frightened adj. (人
