1、高考英语全国通用版优编增分二轮全国通用版试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 六六、推理判断 写作意图题(2018北京，C)Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new stud
2、y suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，a
3、nd the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massap
4、parently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture，but the basi
5、c bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polye
6、thylene.But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings mig
7、ht one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。43What can we learn about the wo
8、rms in the study?AThey take plastics as their everyday food.BThey are newly evolved creatures.CThey can consume plastics.DThey wind up in landfills.答案C解+析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“.found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene.”和第二句中的“the worms consumed and broke down about 92 millig
9、rams”可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。44According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to .Aidentify other means of the breakdownBfind out the source of the enzymeCconfirm the research findingsDincrease the breakdown speed答案B解+析细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The next step.Is
10、 it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。选项B “查明酶的来源”与此吻合。45It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .Ahelp to raise wormsBhelp make plastic bagsCbe used to clean the oceansDbe produced in factories in future答案D解+析推理判断
11、题。根据最后一段第二句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply millions of worms.”可知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。46What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo explain a study method on worms.BTo introduce the diet of a special wor
12、m.CTo present a way to break down plastics.DTo propose new means to keep eco-balance.答案C解+析写作意图题。作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项C与此意吻合。一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。设问形式常有：1整篇文章的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer writes this passage in order to .(2)The purpose of the text is to .(3)What is the main
13、purpose of the passage?(4)The writer of the story wants to tell us that .2某处细节的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer uses.in the first paragraph to .(2)The writer uses the example of.to .(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .二、解题技巧1文体特点推意图 (1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。(2)应用
14、文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点进行论证得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show.例如：【真题感悟】中的第46题，文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的
15、方法。A(2018湖南第二次联考)In my very first job with some 1archaeologists，I wasnt digging objects out of the ground，instead I was employed as an artist，drawing what they found.However，I was soon more interested in the stories behind the objects than in drawing them and thats how my career in archaeology start
16、ed.I still draw what I find in my work as a specialist on the Silk Road，the old trade route running from Egypt to Mongolia，and I also work on some underwater projects too.In archaeology，my all-time hero is an American called Raphael Pumpelly.I first heard about him when I was a student on a trip to
17、Turkmenistan，a country right in the heart of Asia.To get around the country，I had to learn Russian so that I could speak to the local people.When I got there I thought，“Wow! Im one of the first Americans here！” Then an old man told me about an American archaeologist，Raphael Pumpelly，who was there do
18、ing the same thing over 100 years ago.Archaeologys in my family.My wifes in the same 2profession，and，although our two boys arent interested in the future in archaeology themselves，weve been on some great digs together and they love what we do because they get to travel with us.Last summer，we took th
19、em to Lake Titicaca in South America，in the high areas of the Andes mountain range.My best experience was when I was digging on the Egyptian Red Sea coast.Theres very little rain and its so dry that everything is kept as it was.In an old house，where the owner used to store goods from the ships that
20、came in，I picked up a 700-year-old mat in front of the house and there，under it，after all that time，was the house key with the owners name carved on it.It felt like he could be on his way home any minute! And I thought，“Hey，I do just that.This mans not much different to me！”语篇解读作者在文章中介绍了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因
21、，并讲述了自己在各地考古的经历和感受。1While working in Egypt，what did the writer find so interesting?AThat people from different centuries could be so similar.BThe fact that the doormat was in such good condition.CThe way the people managed to live in such a dry place.DThat there had been so much trade in that area.答
22、案A解+析推理判断题。根据第三段“My best experience was when I was digging on the Egyptian Red Sea coast.”和“It felt like he could be on his way home any minute！And I thought，Hey，I do just that.This mans not much different to me！”可知，作者看见了地垫下的钥匙，感觉700年前的那个人就在回家的路上，感觉彼此没有什么不同。故选A。2Which 3entry will the writer probably
23、 make in his diary?ATurkmenistan is interesting.Im the first American to come here but Im glad this is my last trip away.BI have been diving today and found some objects for an exhibition.Ive just finished drawing them for my records.CI wish my children werent more interested in archaeology and woul
24、d not work hard in the open like their parents.DIts nearly dark but Raphaels still busy digging in that old house.He can be very annoying.He thinks hes the most important person here.答案B解+析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I still draw what I find in my work as a specialist on the Silk Road，the old trade route running
25、from Egypt to Mongolia，and I also work on some underwater projects too.”可知，作者从事画图工作，还从事水下工作。B项与画图和水下工作有关，故选B。3What is the writers main purpose in writing the text?ATo describe the life of an archaeologist he admires.BTo persuade people to take up archaeology as a career.CTo explain what he enjoys ab
26、out being an archaeologist.DTo show how archaeologists work.答案C解+析写作意图题。根据第一段中的“I was soon more interested in the stories behind the objects than in drawing them”可知，作者在文中解释了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因，故选C。BStained glass(彩色玻璃) artists create different designs by making cuts on the glass to “score” it and then break
27、ing off the pattern that they want to use in the finished product.The most difficult cut in stained glass is called an inside cut.Basically，its a curved(弯曲的) line where you throw away the part inside of the curve.The problem with inside cuts is that the edges of the curve tend to break off when the
28、pieces of scored glass are broken apart.As the artist talked about inside cuts，he said，“The glass will break into pieces if you try to cut too much off at once.The best way to do an inside cut is to 7slice off smaller curves piece-by-piece.In fact，its not just the best way to do it，but its the only
29、way to do it.”How many times do you try to make a big change and cut the entire piece at once? We convince ourselves that we can do this all the time.Well 4commit to 5transforming our diet overnight or we get inspired to launch a business in a weekend or we finally get motivated to work out and push
30、 ourselves to the edge of burning out.Why not approach your goals and dreams like a stained glass artist? Starting by slicing a shallow curve and breaking a small piece off，you cut a slightly deeper curve and break that off until you have your full inside cut.By slowly cutting deeper and deeper curv
31、es，you prevent the glass from breaking as it changes shape.Of course，change isnt easyno matter how you do it.Slow gains are boring，but if we keep making small improvements，then pretty soon we will end up with a beautiful masterpiece on our hands instead of a bunch of broken pieces.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲
32、述玻璃艺术家切割玻璃的方式慢慢地切割不造成玻璃破碎告诉读者生活中我们也应该一点点取得进步，最后达到目标，获得成功。4Why is an inside cut believed to be most difficult?AIt needs a one-and-only design.BIt 6calls for nothing but inspiration.CThe edges of the curve break easily.DThe glass inside the curve is easily broken.答案C解+析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，内部切割的问题在于，当划过的玻璃裂开的时候，曲线的边缘往往会折断。故选C。5What mistak
