1、中考英语试题分类解析汇编12补全对话及短文填空词专题12 补全对话及短文填空（词或句子）或语法填空1.【2018年江西中考】请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。know life different back and interesting sign real find theyThe planet Mars is the closest and most similar planet to Earth. It is very_24_to scientists. For example, Mars has season
2、s with_25_weather, but other planets have the same temperatures all year round. Was there_26_on Mars?To find out, scientists need_27_if Mars ever had water. In 2004. two robot explores (探测器), or rovers, called Spirit and Opportunity were sent to look for_28_of water. These rovers can drive over rock
3、s_29_all kind of rough ground. They can also use cameras and send photos_30_ to Earth. First, the two rovers found chemicals and patterns (图文) in the rocks that were probably made by water. Then, they moved to another area and_31_other rocks which may have been created by water. Now scientists think
4、 there was probably water on the planet long ago. Today _32_are still not sure if there was life on the mars. They_33_need more information to decide. The discoveries of the two rovers answered some old questions, but they also brought up many new ones.【答案】24. interesting 25. different 26. life 27.
5、to know 28. signs 29. and 30. back 31. found 32. they 33. really24. 句意：这对科学家来说是非常有趣的。very非常，副词修饰形容词；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填interesting。25. 句意：火星有不同天气的季节，但其他行星全年都有相同的温度。weather天气，名词需用形容词修饰；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填different。26. 句意：火星上有生命吗？there be结构遵循就近原则，was后接单数名词。根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填life。27. 句意：为了找到答案，科学家们需要知道火星是否有水。need
6、需要，用于肯定句时多是实义动词，有need to do结构。根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填to know。28. 句意：2004年，两个名为“精神与机遇”的机器人探索器，或“漫游者”被派去寻找水的迹象。根据of所有格结构和英文提示，可知填signs。29. 句意：这些流浪者可以驾驶岩石和各种粗糙的地面。rocks和rough ground是并列关系，需要and连接；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填and。30. 句意：他们还可以使用相机和照片发送回地球。send back to送回某个地方；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填back。31. 句意：然后，他们搬到另一个地区，发现了其他可能是由水造成的
7、岩石。and连接并列结构，根据句意结构，可知缺动词，结合时态和英文提示，故填found。32. 句意：今天他们仍然不确定火星上是否有生命。本句缺主语，根据句意结构和英文提示，可知scientists需用they替代，故填they。33. 句意：他们真的需要更多的信息来决定。need需要，动词需用副词修饰；根据句意结构和英文提示，可知填really。2.【2018年江西中考】请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中,使短文意思通顺、结构完整,并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑。Is there a connection between music and la
8、nguage? According to recent studies, the answer is yes: _49_Here, we look at two examplesA recent study by researcher Kraus shows that playing a musical instrument can improve a persons hearing ability._50_The people in the first group were musicians, while those in the second group had no musical t
9、raining. The musicians were able to hear the talking person more clearly._51_Think about violinists in an orchestra (管弦乐团). When the violinists play with the group, they hear their own instrument and many others, too. But the violinists must listen closely to what they are playing, and pay no attent
10、ion to the other sounds. In this way, musicians are able to focus on certain sounds, even in a room with lots of noise.Schlaug, a doctor at Harvard Medical School, works with stroke (中风) patients. Because of their illness, these people cannot say their names, addresses, or other information normally
11、. However, they can still sing._52_Why does this work? Schlaug isnt sure. Music seems to make different parts of the brain work, including the damaged (损坏的) parts. This might help patients to use that part of the brain again.Music improves concentration (注意力), memory, listening skills, and our overa
12、ll language abilities._53_Playing an instrument or singing can help us do better in school and keep our brain sharp (敏锐的) as we get older. Music is not only enjoyable, its also good for us in many other ways.A. It can even help sick people get better.B Music helps people solve some hearing problems.
13、C. Music improves certain language abilities in the brain.D. The violinists develop their memories by playing the violin.E Musicians hear better because they learn to pay attention to certain sounds.F. Schlaug was surprised to find that singing words helped his patients to speak.G. In his study two
14、groups of people listened to a person talking in a noisy room.【答案】49. C 50. G 51. E 52. F 53. A【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇议论文，谈论的是音乐和语言之间的联系。结果表明，演奏乐器可以提高一个人的听力能力，甚至能帮助生病的人变得更好。49. 根据开头Is there a connection between music and language? According to recent studies, the answer is yes，结合Here, we look at two examples
15、可知备选句子Music improves certain language abilities in the brain.是对前文的解释，符合句意，故选C。50. 根据第二段A recent study by researcher Kraus shows that playing a musical instrument can improve a persons hearing ability.，可知备选句子In his study two groups of people listened to a person talking in a noisy room.符合句意，故选G。51. 根
16、据A recent study by researcher Kraus shows that playing a musical instrument can improve a persons hearing ability.，可知演奏乐器可以提高人的听力能力。备选句子中，Musicians hear better because they learn to pay attention to certain sounds.符合句意，故选E。52. 根据The musicians were able to hear the talking person more clearly.，可知音乐家们
17、听到更好的声音是因为他们学会了注意某些声音。备选句子Schlaug was surprised to find that singing words helped his patients to speak.符合句意，故选F。点睛：完成短文，要求根据上下文运用合适的句子填空，使句意通顺、前后连贯。重在考查学生对所学语言的综合运用能力和对文段的理解判断能力。本题难度不大，只要把握好上下句的意思和关系，正确作答是不成问题的。3.【2018年江西中考】补全对话请阅读下面对话,根据对话内容从方框中选择恰当的句子填入空白处,使对话通顺、合理，意思完整,并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑。 (Sandra and
18、Luke plan their trip to Cape Town. S=Sandra L=Luke)S:OK,that s the flight(航班).Lets look for a hotel now._54_L: Three nights-Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Are there any hotels near the airport?S: Yes, there are. But they are expensive. Just a minute no, there arent any cheap hotels near the airport. T
19、hey are all expensive. _55_ L: Wow! Well, what about a youth hostel(青年旅社)? Is there a youth hostel near the airport?S: OK, lets see. I dont think so no, there isnt. I dont like youth hostels. _56_ L: OK. Lets look in the city centre. Are there any cheap hotels there?S: Yes, of course there areL: Wel
20、l, thats good. And is there a bus to the city centre?S: A bus from the airport? Yes, there is. _57_ There isnt a train, but thats OK.L: And there are taxis, too.S: _58_ OK, so lets look at these hotels.A. I think the bus is fine.B. We need a room for two.C. Do you like a youth hostel?D. Is it for tw
21、o nights or three?E. They arent very comfortable.F. Theres a bus every twenty minutes.G. This one is four hundred dollars a night.【答案】54. D 55. G 56. E 57. F 58. A【解析】试题分析：本文是桑德拉和卢克计划去开普敦旅行的对话，就住什么样的旅馆两人进行了商讨，最后决定坐公交去市中心看一看。54. 根据S的话Lets look for a hotel now.，结合下文L的说法Three nights，可知他们在商议需住几夜。备选句子中，I
22、s it for two nights or three?符合句意，故选D。55. 根据S的回答But they are expensive.，它们很贵，they代指上文的hotel，可知This one is four hundred dollars a night.符合句意，故选G。56. 根据S的态度I dont like youth hostels.，可知后面需要解释原因。备选句子They arent very comfortable.符合句意，故选E。57. 根据S的回答A bus from the airport? Yes, there is.，可知这里有机场巴士，空白处正好是对机
23、场巴士的详细说明。备选句子中Theres a bus every twenty minutes.符合句意，故选F。58. 根据短文内容，前面提到巴士和出租车，后文提到商议宾馆的事情，可知他们对于出行达成了共识。备选句子中，I think the bus is fine.符合句意，故选A。4.【2018年内蒙古包头市中考】阅读下面短文,根据首字母、音标以及语境的提示在空白处填入适当的单词(1个单词);或根据汉语意思的提示,在空白处填入适当的短语,使短文语意连贯,意思完整。Kate and Dick were classmates. They _56_ (相处) well with each ot
24、her and later fell in love. After getting m_57_ , they found it difficult to _58_ (谋生).Finally, they decided _59_ run a small restaurant near the railway station. The restaurant often stayed o_60_ until after midnight, because people came to drink there while they were _61_ (等待) trains.At two oclock
25、 one morning, _62_ man was still sitting at a table in the restaurant. He was _63_ sli:p. Kate wanted to go to bed. She looked at the table several times, and each time the man was still there. Then, _64_ (最终) she went to her h_65_ and said to him, Youve talked to that man three times, and he isnt d
26、rinking any more. _66_ havent you sent him away? After _67_ , its so late.Oh, no, I dont want to send him away, a_68_ Dick with a smile. You see, whenever I _69_ (叫醒) the man, he asks for the bill, and when I bring it to him, he p_70_ it. Then he goes back to sleep again.【答案】56. got on/along 57. mar
27、ried 58. make a living/earn their living 59. to 60. open 61. waiting for 62. a/one 63. asleep 64. at last/in the end 65. husband 66. Why 67. all 68. answered 69. wake up 70. pays【解析】文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了夫妻俩在火车站附近开了一个酒吧，每天关门很晚，因为人们等车的时候常会进来喝点酒。一天，一个人到了凌晨2点了还在酒吧里睡觉，老板娘又累又困，想让已经叫醒他三次的丈夫赶他走，但丈夫不同意，因为每次把那个人叫
28、醒，他都会要帐单付一次钱。56. 句意：他们相处的很好，后来相爱了。根据提示词“相处”，可知英文表达是get on或get along，在句中是作谓语；这是在讲述一个故事，所以用一般过去时，get的过去式为got，故答案填got on/along。57. 句意：结婚后。根据上文later fell in love以及首字母提示，可知此处是指“结婚”，get married固定词组，“结婚”，故答案填married。58. 句意：他们发现谋生很困难。根据提示词“谋生”，可知英文表达是make a living或earn their living，前面有介词to，所以这里用动词原形，故答案填mak
29、e a living/earn their living。59. 句意：最后，他们决定在火车站附近开一家小餐馆。decide to do sth.决定去做某事，故答案填to。60. 句意：这家餐馆经常营业到午夜以后。根据句意以及首字母提示可知此处应填open，stay open：开门营业，相当于keep open，故答案填open。61. 句意：因为人们在等火车的时候来这里喝酒。根据提示词“等待”，可知英文表达是wait for，本句是while引导的时间状语从句，主句动作发生在从句动作的过程中，所以时态用过去进行时，即在等火车的时候来这里喝酒，故答案填waiting for。64. 句意：最
30、后，她走到丈夫跟前对他说。根据提示词“最终”，可知英文表达是at last或in the end，故答案填at last/in the end。65. 句意：最后，她走到丈夫跟前对他说。联系上文的语境可知是夫妇俩开的餐馆，再结合首字母提示，可知此处是指“丈夫”husband，故答案填husband。66. 句意：你为什么不把他送走？联系上文语境，可知此处是问“你为什么不把他送走？”“为什么”英文表达是why，因其位于句首，所以首字母大写，故答案填Why。67. 句意：毕竟，天气太晚了。由语境和句意可知此处考查固定词组after all“毕竟、终究”，故答案填all。68. 句意：“哦，不，我不
31、想把他送走。”迪克微笑着说。根据语境和句意，结合首字母提示，可知此处应是“回答”，英文表达是answer，本文时态用的是一般过去时，所以此处也应用一般过去时，answer的过去式为answered，故答案填answered。69. 句意：你看，每当我叫醒那个人，他就要账单。根据提示词“叫醒”，可知英文表达是wake up，这里是直接引用Dick叙述这件事情时所说的话，所以用一般现在时，故答案填wake up。70. 句意：当我把账单给他时，他就付钱。根据句意和首字母提示，可知此处应是“付钱”，英文表达是pay，主语是he，时态用一般现在时，故答案填pays。点睛：本题为短文填空，首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的提示填写合适的词语。如，第4小题，考查固定搭配，decide to do sth.决定去做某事，故答案填to。第8小题，根据音标sli:p，可知单词应是asleep，和前面的系动词was构成系表结构，表示睡着的状态，故答案填asleep。5.【2018年山东德州市中考】 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个动词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化（可添加助动词或者情态动词），填入空白处。see, cross, drink, travel, a
