1、初三英语复习资料2初三英语复习资料一. 名词表示人、事物、时间、地点及抽象概念这一名称的词叫名词。1.名词分：可数名词（有单数和复数形式，数量大于1时用复数）和不可数名词（无复数形式，若要表示复数意义时，要在前面加单位词，复数要体现在前面的单位名词上。不可数名词用人称代词it来指代，谓语动词用单数）。2可数名词单数变复数的方法： (1) 一般情况加s; eg: book-books bag-bags friend-friends(2). 以s, x, ch , sh结尾的加es. eg: bus-buses class-classes box-boxes watchwatches brush-
2、brushes(3).以“辅音字母+y”结尾的改y为 i再加 es.（除Aa , Ee , Ii , Oo , Uo外的叫辅音字母） eg: story-stories city-cities dictionary-dictionaries(4).以字母o结尾的，有生命的加 es（黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿），无生命的加s. 有生命的： negro-negroes hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes 但bamboobamboos除外。无生命的： radio-radios photo-photos zoo-zoos kilo-kilos zer
3、ozeros video - videos 录像(5)以f或 fe结尾的变 f或 fe为 v，再加 es. 小偷的妻子用半把刀子和叶子把狼的生命结束在架子上。eg: life-lives knife-knives wife-wives shelf-shelves leafleaves half-halves wolf-wolves thief-thieves贼(6).表示 某国人，口诀为：中、日不变，英法变，其余后面加 s.Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese Englishman Englishmen Englishwoman Englishwomen Fren
4、chman Frenchmen Frenchwoman Frenchwomen Australian-Australians American Americans German Germans Canadian Canadians Russian-Russians(7)以oo组成的名词，把oo变为ee. eg. foot-feet toothteeth 但boot除外(直接加s)。即：boot boots(8) A.以man 结尾的名词，把字母a变为字母e，但German除外（German Germans）e.g. man-men woman-women policeman-policemen
5、B. 不规则变化： child-children mousemice老鼠 C单复数同形的： deer-deer sheep-sheep fish-fish peoplepeople D 形式上是复数，意义上是单数，用作单数(作主语，谓语用单数)；news （新闻），math s（数学）， physics（物理） , politics（政治 ） e.g. 1. The news (be) very sad. 2. Math ( be ) difficult for many students.E. 形式上是单数，意义上是复数，用作复数（集体名词作主语，be 用are.谓语动词用原形)： peop
6、le , police , public , class , family , The family (某人一家) . The class _ ( be ) listening to the teacher carefully in class . The people there _(be) very friendly.F. the + 姓氏的复数 the +姓+ family “表示某人一家” eg : The Kings The Smiths the Smith family e.g. The King family often ( go ) out for a holiday on S
7、unday .G. 总以复数形式出现的（作主语，谓语动词用原形)：shoes , glasses（眼镜）, trousers , clothes, scissors, pants 裤子，chopsticks筷子，shorts短裤 , jeans牛仔裤。e.g. His clothes_ (be) nice. This pair of scissors ( help ) him do many things.(9)复合名词的复数形式：A.) 一般将主体名词变复数。 e.g. girl friends boy friends girl students banana treesB.) 以man,
8、woman作为第一成分与其它名词构成的复合名词，则man、woman及后面的名词都要变复数。e.g. man teacher men teachers man doctor men doctors woman doctor women doctors woman teacher women teachers man servant-men servants3不可数名词表示数量时，要用表示数量的短语。如：a cup of ， two cups of ， a glass of ， two glasses of ， a bottle of， three bottles of，a kilo of ，h
9、alf a kilo of， two and half a kilo of= two kilos and a half of a group of + 名复， a crowd of + 名复， a pair of + 名复， a piece of + 名复 e.g. a piece of paper ; two bags of rice ; three pairs of shoes ; a piece of news不可数名词，常见的有：air , snow, wind , rain , milk , water , time , money , orange , paper , juice
10、, sugar , salt，bread , work , chicken , meat , pork , food , chalk , rice , tea , music , mutton , beef, porridge , noise , homework，housework、money，knowledge，weather，ice cream等。不可数名词前一般不用a/an修饰，但可用much ，a lot of ，lots of ，some ，any，little ，a little 等修饰。e.g. 1.There is so much _(water) in the bottle
11、. 2. They have little_(money)now.4. 修饰名词复数的词或短语有：（有这些词时，名词用复数）these, those, many= a lot of=lots of= a number of = large numbers of(许多)， several=a few , a group of , some，few，a few e.g. 1. There are a number of _ (visitor) in our school these years. 2. These_ (pen) are hers.常见的修饰可数名词单数的标志词有this , tha
12、t，a , an 。谓语动词用单数。 （10） 用and 连接两个不可数名词作主语， 谓语用复数。 （be- are , 实意动词用原形） e.g. Time and money _(be) important名词所有格名词所有格表示所有关系。在名词后打 “ ”加s， 表示“的”名词所有格的变化规则：1一般在名词词尾加s（人名后加s绝对正确） e.g. Lucys cat ， Toms book2. 以s结尾的复数名词只须加 . e.g. the students book ， Teachers Day3.不以s结尾的复数名词加s. eg: childrens book ， womens cl
13、othes ，Childrens Day， Womens Day4.一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则只在最后一个名词后加 s；若是分别拥有时，则每个名词上都要加s，且名词要用复数。 eg: Lucy and Lilys room.露西和莉莉的房间 Toms and Li Leis fathers 汤姆的父亲和李雷的父亲（二）表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的名词后加s. two weekstime todays newspaper Chinas capital ten minuteswalk（三）表示无生命的名词所有格，通常用“of无生命名词 ” 表示 “. 的 ” 。e.g. the to
14、p of the mountain the gate of the school the map of China(四)特殊表达用to. e.g. the answer to the question the key to the door（五）表“店铺”，“某人家” “教堂”的名词所有格后，一般省略名词。e.g. Li lei and Jim are at Mr Blacks. 2. Li lei and Jim are at the tailors at the doctors 在医务室（六）应记住的几个表示法： 1. the Greens(格林一家人)；2.一类人：the poor穷人
15、, the rich富人 the young 年青人（七）应记住的几个节日：Teachers Day Womens Day Childrens Day Tree Planting Day植树节 National Day国庆节 April Fools Day愚人节 Christmas Day The World Environment Day世界环境日 Youth Day 青年节 the Spring Festival 春节 Fathers Day 父亲节 Mothers Day母亲节 Midautumn Day Midautumn Festival 中秋节(八)名词与其他词类的转化： (1)名
16、词+y 表天气的形容词 ( 以不发音e 结尾的，变e为y；重读闭音节结尾的，要双写辅音字母，再加y ) e.g. wind-windy sun-sunny cloud- cloudy rain -rainy f og-foggy mist-misty health-healthy luck-lucky saltsalty noise- noisy difficult-difficulty(2) 名词+ful / al / en 形容词 e.g. thank-thankful wonder- wonderful help-helpful use-useful successsuccessful
17、color-colorful nation-national tradition-traditional wood-wooden wool-woollen (3) 名词+ern 形容词(表方位) east-eastern west- western south-southern north-northern (4) 名词+(无规则)able / ly /ous / 形容词 enjoy-enjoyable friend- friendly danger-dangerous change-changeable comfort comfortable (5) 名词改变词尾转化为其他名词 scienc
18、e-scientist library- linrarian friend-freindship art-artist music-misician violio -violionist piano-pianist chemist-chemistry化学 discoverdiscovery disappeardisappearance消失 enterentrance flyflight buy-busybusinessbusinessman safesafety invent-inventioninventor beginbeginning traintrainning训练 decidedec
19、ision please-pleased-pleasure dry - drought true- truth confidence-confident练习：（ ）1. Tomorrow will be better in China. A. The next day B. The second day C. The future D. The whole day （ ）2. When it was my time to give a speech , I became very neverous . A. duty B. turn C. Chance D. pleasure（ ）3. The
20、re isnt enough space in the room . We cant put the big box in it . A. room B. sky C. place D. air （ ）4. Mr Green is speaking to a friend of his wifes. A. his wifes friend B. one of his wifes friend C. one of his wife friends （ ）5. The captain of the football team asked his members to practice at onc
21、e. A. striker B. midfield player C. goalkeeeper D. head（ ）6. He puts a lot of _ in the _ milk . A. sugar two cups B. sugars .two cups C. sugar two cups of D. sugars two cups of（ ）7. Why are there two pairs of _ on your bed , Tom ? A. scissors B. scissorses C. glass D. trousers（ ）8. Li Feng is a good
22、 friend of _. A. him B. my parents C. the girls D. Mrs Wang （ ）9. My desk is between _. Our deaks are all in the middle of the classroom . A. Li Ping and Wei Huas B. Li Pings andWei Hua C. Li Pings and Wei Huas D. Li Ping s or Wei Huas （ ）10. The Shute Famliy _ at home last night . A. wasnt B. not w
23、as C. werent D. not were（ ）11. Whats in the _? There are some _ and in them .A. photos , potatos , radios B. photos , potatoes , radios C. photoes , potatos , radioes D. photes , potatoes , radios12. If you are full of ( confident ) , you will be happy all the time .13. He lives in the ( west) of Ch
24、ina.14. A person who works in a library is called a ( library ), isnt it? 15. I havent watched _ ( yesterday ) news on TV . Can you tell it to me ? 17. _mustnt drink wine before they drive cars . ( drive) 18. We all felt much _( enjoy) 二代词 代替名词，形容词或数词的词叫代词。人称代词和物主代代词单数复数主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyou
25、himheritusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2用法：主格，宾格不带“的”；形物，名物都带“的”；主格作主语，放句首；宾格作宾语，位于动词，介词后（动宾、介宾结构） 。形物后面有名词，名物后面无名词。（名物=形物+名词） 常接形物的短语有： Its ones turn to do sth on ones way ( to ) on ones right / left take ones time 不急，慢慢来 with ones help set ones
26、 mind to do sth一心想做某事 try ones best to do sth尽力做某事 make up ones mind to do sth turn ones ear to sb =listen to sb take ones advice 采纳某人的意见cut ones hair 理发 on ones day off 在某人的休息日 in ones free time= in ones spare time在某人的空闲时间 leave ones job辞职 do ones homework做作业 without ones help没有的帮助 make ones way to
27、 往 走去eg: 1. This is _ (I) book. They are _ (they). 2. Please tell _ (he) about it. 3. _are books (they) 3. 当几个不同的人称代词作主语时，常用and，or等连接，这时的排列顺序为：单数时：一般先you ,再he，she，最后I 复数时：一般先we , you 然后接 they . e.g. You， he and I are all students.4. a friend of + 名物 / 形物名词所有格 / 宾格。若 of 前为名词， of 后用名词性物主代词或名词所有格；of 前为
28、代词, 数词（some , every）of 后的代词用宾格。 eg: I met a friend of mine / my sisters. Some of _( we) Three of_( they )5反身代词：表示你自己，我自己，他/她/它自己，他/她/它们自己”等的代词. （反身代词应和主语保持一致）单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves 构成口诀：反身代词反自身，self、selves单复分，一、二人称形物后；第三人称改用宾。跟反身代词连用的短语有：含有反身代词的固定搭配：1.t
29、each oneself=learn by oneself自学 2.enjoy oneself =have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快 3.all by oneself独自 4.leave sb by oneself把某人单独留下 5. help oneself to 自用,随便吃些 6.look after oneself照顾自己 7. come to oneself苏醒/复活 8.say to oneself 自言自语 9.hurt oneself伤着自己 10 look at oneself in the mirror 照镜子 11.dress oneself 穿衣服get dressed 12. by oneself 靠某人自己 13. lose oneself in 陶醉在，沉浸在eg: 1. Boys and girls , did you enjoy_ on the Childrens Day. 2. She is always thinking of others but never thinks of _ (she).6.不定代词（既可指人也可指物）：（1.）both 都（两个人或物，后面谓语动词用复数） neither两者都不（两个当
