1、外研版高一英语必修1精讲讲义精外研版英语必修一第一单元第一部分词汇短语过关1. _ adj. 热心的, 热情的 enthusiasm n. 热心;热情2. _ adj. 令人惊异的 _ v. 使吃惊 _ adj. 感到吃惊的 amazement n. 惊愕, 惊异3. _ n. 信息 inform vt. 通知, 告知4. _ n. 指示, 用法说明 instruct v.教导, 命令, 指示5. _ adj. 令人厌烦的 _ adj. (对某人 /事物 厌倦的, 烦闷的 _ vt. 使厌烦6. _ adj. 尴尬的, 难堪的 _ v. 使困窘, 使局促不安 _ adj. 令人为难的 emba
2、rrassment n. 窘迫;为难7. _ n. 行为, 举止 behave v. 举动, 举止8. _ n. 描述;形容;描写 describe vt. 描写, 记述9. _ vt. 使 (人 印象深刻;使铭记 _ n. 印象, 感想 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻 的10. _ n .纠正, 改正 correct adj.正确的 _ v .改正, 纠正, 批改11. _ v. 鼓励, 激励 _ adj. 鼓舞人心的 _ adj. 受到鼓舞的, 更有信心的 encouragement n. 鼓励, 奖励12. enjoyment n. 享受, 乐趣 _ v. 享受, 喜欢 _
3、 adj. 令人愉快的, 有乐趣的 13. fluency n. 流利, 流畅 _ adj. 流利的, 流畅的14. _ adj. 失望的 _ adj. 使人失望的, 令人失望的 disappoint vt. 使失 望 _ n. 失望15. _ n. 助手, 助理 assist v.帮助短语检测1.与 相似2.某人对 (做 某事的态度3.离 远, 远非4.一点不像, 与 完全不同5.玩得很开心6.起初, 一开始7.换句话说 8.期待;盼望9.对 印象深刻 10.在 开始的时候 11.在 结束的时候 12.被 (划 分成 13.参加14.课外活动第二部分 语法精讲一 .because,since
4、,as,for,because of的区别(语气由强到弱(1 because 表示的原因是必然的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在主句之后,有时也放在主句之前。(2 回答 why 提出的问题,只能用 because, 不能用其余三者。如:A :Why cant I go?我为什么不能去?B :Because you are too young. 因为你太年轻了。(3 because 引导的从句可用于强调句,其余三者不能。哪:Its because he is kind that we like him.是因为他对人友好,我们才喜欢他。(4 because 从句可用表语,其余三者不能。如:This i
5、s because the earth is travelling round the sun.这是因为地球在围绕太阳转。(5 not because 这一结构中的 not 有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般应根据句子的意思作出正确的 (合 逻辑的 理解。若 not 否定主句,最好在 because 之前用逗号,否则容易引起歧义:I didnt go because I was afraid.1 我没有去是因为我怕。2 我不因为怕才去。不过若 because 之前有 just 修饰,一般认为 not 只能否定从句。如:You shouldnt get angry just because som
6、e people speak ill of you. 不要因为有些人说你的坏话而生气。 (6 表示 的原因是因为 这一意义时,一般要用 The reason whyis that 。如:The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill. 他不能来的原因是 (因为 他病了。注:在阅读中有时也可见到 The reason why.is because.这样的说法,但比较少见。2. 关于 since 和 as(1 since 和 as 表示的原因是人们所知的,是对已知事实提供理由,而不表示直接原因。 since 比 as 语气稍 强,且比 as 略为正式
7、,两者通常都放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后。如:Since you feel tired, you should rest. 既然你感到累了,你应该休息。As he was not will, I decided to go without him. 因为你身体不好,我决定独自去。(2 since 可用于省略句,而其它三者不能。如:Since so, there is no more to be said. 既然如此,就再没有什么好说的了(3 since 因为 , 既然 侧重主句,主句表示显然的或已知的理由。强调说话者和听者双方都知道的原因,常 译为 既然 ,一般用在这样的句子里。例如:Si
8、nce weve got a few minutes to wait for the train, lets have a cup of coffee.(4 as 是从属连词,说明一般的因果关系,语气比 because 弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句通常放 在句首,有时也可放在句末。例如:As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.天下雨了,你最好乘出租车。3. 关于 for(1 for是并列连词 (其作三者为从属连词 , 它有时可表示因果关系 (只能放在主句之后, 且可与 because 换用 , 有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句的内容加以解释
9、或推断 (也只能放在主句之后,但不能与 because 换 用 。如:The ground is wet, for (或 because it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。It rained last night, for (不能用 because the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚下过雨, (你看 今天早上地面都是 湿的。(2 for 因为 , 由于 表明附加或推断的理由, 引导的分句前常有逗号。 for 分句不放句首 . 是用来附带解释或说 明前一分句的原因和理由。例如:Day breaks, for the cock
10、 crows.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.I wont go in, for my father is there.(5 because of是介词短语,在句子作状语,后面只能跟名词,代词,或者 what 引导的从句。Because of my bad leg ,I couldnt walk so fast as the others.由于我的腿坏了 我不能像其他人走得那么快。 置于句首做状语 但用逗号与其他部分分开Because of his wifes being there, I said nothing a
11、bout it.因为他妻子在场 我对此事只字未提。 (接 -ing 分词 He realized that she was crying because of what he had said.他意识到她在哭是因为他说的那些话。 (接 what 从 句 练习:用 because,since,as,for,because of填空1.Why do you like the teacher?-_he is kind and enthusiastic.2.It was _ his mother was ill that he came to school late this morning.3. _
12、it is hot,lets go swimming4. Parents should take seriously their children requests for sunglasses_eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.5. _ he cant answer the question,youd better ask someone else.6.He realized that the teacher was angry _what he had said.7. _I havent seen the film, I cant t
13、ell you what I think of it.8.The days are short,for _it is now December.改错1.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.2.Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.二 .be similar to:与 . 相似The weather of Beijing is similar to that of New York北京的天气与
14、纽约的天气很相似Be different from与 . 不同。Their tastes are different from mine他们的爱好与我的不同。(1 Your views on education are similar _mine.A in B to C from D with(2I saw no difference in Paris. Its just like our Shanghai.A similar B likely C like D samebe similar in在 . 方面相似 The two house are similar in size.翻译:(1她
15、在很多方面与她妈妈相似(2他的外套和你的相似。三 . ed 形容词和 ing 形容词的用法区别传统的观点许多参考书认为:-ing 形容词与表示事物的名词连用, -ed 形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法 在很多情况下是可行的,但表述欠准确,在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如 -ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比 皆是 :假若你的老师说话幽默 、 讲课生动 , 那么不仅他的课非常 interesting , 而且你会说他是一个 interesting man(有趣的人 。比较:Im interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。He was worried abo
16、ut his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。另一方面, -ed 形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会:a frightened look 害怕的表情 (指带有这种 表情 的人感到害怕 a frightening look 吓人的表情 (指这种 表情 令人害怕 an excited talk 心情激动的谈话 (指 谈话 的人心情激动 an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话 (指听 谈话 的人心情激动 由于传统的观点说得太绝对,有时做起题来还可能会因此
17、掉入命题人的陷阱_ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _?A. What, interesting B. What, interestedC. How, interesting D. How, interested正确的观点关于 -ing 形容词与 -ed 形容词的区别,比较准确的表述应该是:1. 以后缀 ed 结尾的形容词 (如 ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried 等 通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,
18、即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物 相关的人。如:He had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice.他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。第一句中的 a pleased smile 意为 满意的微笑 ,它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑;第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是 很激动的声音 ,即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。 原则上 , -ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人 , 若修饰事物 , 则多为 air(神态 , appear
19、ance(外貌 , cry(哭声 , face(表 情 , voice(声音 , mood(情绪 , mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词 (如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等 主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如: The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。请再比较并体会以下
20、句子:He is frightened. 他很害怕。 He is frightening. 他很吓人。He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。学练结合请做做以下试题,看你是否能克服原来的思维定势
21、,能否跳出命题人的陷阱:1. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _.A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry2. The little boy isnt getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _, she feels very _.A. disappoint
22、ing;worrying B. disappointing;worriedC. disappointed;worried D. disappointed;worrying3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, _.A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring4. As we all know, typing is a _ job to a _ heart.A. tired; tired
23、B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring5. Poor boy! His_ looks and _hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; tremblingC. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly说明主语因 而产生的情绪反应,从而影响到人的身体部位 trembling 。 ed 形式及常见短语与 ing 形式形容词归纳excited (be d about / exciti
24、ngsurprised (be d at /surprisingamazed (be d at /amazing embarrassed(be ed in /embarrassing encouraged(be ed at / by / encouraging frustrated (be d of / frustratinginterested (be ed in / interestingthrilled (be ed at / thrillingterrified (be terrified at/ of / with / terrifying pleased (be d with /
25、pleasing, = pleasant satisfied(be satisfied with / satisfying frightened (be ed at / of / frightening tired (be d of / tiringbored (be d with / boringrelaxed (无固定搭配 / relaxing fascinated (be d by / fascinating annoyed (be ed with / annoying moved (be d by / movingworried (be worried about / worrying
26、 confused (be confused about / confusing练习:一 用括号内所给动词的 -ed 形式或 -ing 形式填空1. The children were _after the trip. (tire 2. The trip was_. (tire 3. The _children went to bed early after the trip. (tire 4. The _trip lasted a whole day. (tire 5. The trip made the children_. (tire 6. The bad weather made th
27、e trip_. (tire 7. Toms parents are _ at his _ results of the exams. (disappoint 8. _and angry, he left the meeting-room. (disappoint 9. It is _that he didnt pass the examination. (disappoint 10. When hearing the_ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were_to look at each other. (surprise 11. H
28、e was _ about his _ son. (worry 12. Im not _with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy 13. He was _with the _person. (annoy 14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a_ look on his face. (frighten 15. The situation here is _and we are_. (encourage 二 巩固练习:1. The wet weather will co
29、ntinue tomorrow when a cold front _to arrive.(2008全国卷 I A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected2. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (2008上海高考 Terry? Never! He _ tents and fresh air!A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates3. By the time he realizes he _ into
30、a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东高考 A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked4. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建高考 A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen5. Some of the people who _ to the party cant come now. (2008 烟台模拟 A. had
