1、第2讲 动词的时态比较1) 一般现在与现在进行时的比较 2) 一般现在时与一般将来时的比较3) 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 4) 过去完成时与一般过去时的比较5) 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较 6) 一般过去时与过去进行时的比较自己想一下应该选什么？为什么？（让孩子看这个问题，然后自己去说，自然而然地引入今天的上课主题动词的时态比较。答案参考：分别时间用不同的时态（10-15分钟）主动 (active)一般进行完成完成进行现在does/dois/am/are doinghas/havedonehas/havebeen doing过去didwas/were doinghad doneHad
2、 been doing将来shall/will do(be going to do) shall/will be doingshall/will have doneshall/will have been doingPassive (被动)一般进行完成完成进行现在is/am/aredoneis/am/arebeing donehas/havebeen donehas/havebeen beingdone过去was/ weredonewas/ werebeing donehad beendonehad beenbeing done将来shall/willbe doneshall/willhave
3、 been done 1) 一般现在与现在进行时的比较eg. 1.Dont put the dictionary away. I _ (use) it. (Key: am using)2. Dont put the dictionary away. I _(need) it. (Key:need)进行时只表在某时,某阶段发生的动作。一般现在时表经常性，习惯性的动作,状态。有些表感觉，状态的动词没有进行时。know, like, want, see, prefer, need, wish, remember, hate, want, guess, mean, think, seem, mind,
4、 have, belong, believe但当以上词转义时可用进行时：1. Im now having sports with my friend. 2. You are wanting on the phone. 3. Who is seeing you off this afternoon?4. (NMET 2000北京春季, 14) Youre drinking too much.Only at home.No one _ me but you.A.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.saw (Key:C)eg. “Are you ready, Ann?” “Y
5、es, Im coming.” stay, go, come, study, leave, arrive, return, fly, get, meet, see off 一些不及物动词可用“be doing”表示即刻将来.be (always) doing eg. -Im afraid Ive lost my key again.2)一般过去时与现在完成时的比较eg.Tom has lost his key. He cant get into the house. Tom lost his key yesterday. He couldnt get into the house.现在完成时:
6、 强调目前的动作和状态.过去时: 说明过去的和动作状态. 与现在无关.eg. “OW! I have burnt my finger.It hurts.” “How did you do that?” “I picked up a hot dish.”b) 现在完成时用于提供新的信息,但如果继续谈动作本身,要用过去时,因为动作发生在过去.eg. Shakespeare wrote many plays. I once worked in Africa for three years.My sister is a writer. She has written many books.C) 如果动
7、做与现在无关,不用现在完成时.3) 过去完成时与一般过去时的比较eg.We had learned 3,000 new words by the end of last term. ( last year/ last month.)2. He had learned advanced mathematics all by himself by the time he was 14.3. He had been a worker before he became a teacher.4. When he got to the cinema, the tickets had been sold o
8、ut. 过去完成时: 主要表示过去某一时间前已发生的动作,存在的状态.a)典型时间状语:eg. We had learned 3,000 new words by the end of last term. (last year / last month) He had learned advanced mathematics all by himself by the time he was 14.( the moment he came back / the year he graduated from middle school / by then) He had been a work
9、 before he became a teacher. When he got to the cinema, the tickets had been sold out. This was the best meal I had ever had.4) 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较现在完成时：强调动作结果。现在完成进行时：强调动作本身。eg: Li has been typing letters the whole morning.Li has typed six letters today.How long have you been reading the book?How many
10、 pages of the book have you read?Xiao Ming has been playing football since 4.Xiao Ming has played football 3 times this week.5) 一般过去时与过去进行时的比较a)过去进行时： (1)过去某时，某一阶段正在进行的动作。eg. “Be careful. Dont throw your cigarette out of the window.” “ Sorry. I wasnt thinking.”常用典型时间状语: at that time, at nine last ni
11、ght, at the same time last year(2) 过去某一动作发生的同时，另一动作正在发生。(上下文） eg. When I knocked at the door she was cooking. They all worked hard, and everyone knew what he was working for. They showed us around the factory they were building. The students were working busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she
12、 had left in the office. b)过去完成时与过去时的区别:如果“过程”为强调的内容,即:表述动作先后用过去完成时.如果“动作”为强调的内容,即:表述动作何时,何地 用过去时.eg.I felt very tired when I got home. So I _ (go) straight to bed. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody _(go) to bed. 2. Sorry Im late. The car _(break) down on my way here. Key:broke We
13、were driving along the road when we _ (see) a car which _(break) down, so we _(stop) to see if we could help. K3. Ann _(not be ) at home when I phoned. She _(be) in London. Ann _just (get) home when I phoned. She _(be) in London. 4. “Was Tom there when you arrived?” “No, he _ (go) home.” “Was Tom th
14、ere when you arrived?” “Yes, but he _(go) home soon afterwards.” 5. The little girl _(cry) her heart out because she _(lose) her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. 6. John and I have been friends for eight years. We first _ (get) to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _
15、(see)each other a couple of times before that. 7. - Oh! Its you! I _ (not recognize) you. - Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses. 8. The pen I _(think) I _(lose) is on my desk, right under my nose. C)过去完成时有时可表示一个打算做而没做的事. hope, think, plan, mean, want, expect .eg.1. I had thought he w
16、ould tell me about that,but he didnt.2. I had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but found it gone.3. I had meant to go on Monday, but have stayed on.d)用于固定句型 hardly when no sooner than scarcely beforeeg.1. We had scarcely ( or: Scarcely had we) gathered in the grain before it began to rain. 2. I had no
17、 sooner (or: No sooner had I ) reached home than he came to visit me . 3.He had hardly (or: Hardly had he ) arrived when she started complaining. （15-20分钟）Ex.1. I _ (think) of selling my car. Would you be interested in buying it? (2. I _ (think) you should sell your car. You _ (not use ) it very oft
18、en. 3. She told me her name but I _ (not remember) it now. 4. - _ Colin _(work) this week? - No, hes on holiday.5. - How is your English? - It _ (get) better. 6.I want to lose weight, so this week.I _ (not eat) lunch. be doing - Not again! You are always losing your key. My son is always doing very
19、well in school.“be doing” 与“always”或“constantly”连用时表达感情倾向. 或褒或贬.Ex.1.- The car has broken down.- The car is useless! It _ always _ (break) down. 2. -Oh, Ive left the lights on again. - Typical! You _ always (leave) the lights on. Ex. 1.Excuse me. What time _this train _(get) to London. 2. - Can you
20、come on Monday evening?” - Sorry but I _(play) volleyball. 3.The art exhibition _(open) on May 3rd and _ (finish) on July 15th. 4. Sue _(come ) to see us tomorrow. She _(travel) by train and her train _(arrive) at 10:15. . Key: .is coming./ is traveling/ arrivesI _(meet) her at the station. 5. Im to
21、o tired to walk home. I think I _(get) a taxi. 6. I cant meet you tomorrow afternoon. I _(play) football. 7. - I need some money.- OK. I _(lend) you some. How much do you need? 8. - Did you phone Ruth? - Oh no, I forgot. I _(phone) her now. 9. He _(leave ) when the telephone rang. Ex.1 - _ your fath
22、er _(come) back? - Yes, he _(come) back yesterday. 2. This is the fourth time you _(be) late. 3. Jack grew a beard but now he _(shave) it off. 4. I did German at school but now I _(forget) most of it. 5. I meant to phone Diane last night but I _ (forget). 6. - Your hair looks nice. _ you _ (have) a
23、haircut? - Yes. - Who _ (cut ) it? _ you _(go) to the hair dresser?” - No, a friend of mine _ (do) it for me. 7. All the preparations for the task _ (complete), and were ready to start. 8. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _(kill) trying to save a child in the earthquake. Ex. 1.You _ (smoke)
24、 too much recently, you should smoke less. 2. My bike is going again now. Xiao Wang _ (repair) it. 3. “Why are Xiao Wangs hands so dirty?” “ He _ (repair) my bike.” 4. She _(read) a book now. She _(start) two hours ago. She _ (read) for two hours. She _(read) 45 pages so far. （10-15分钟）I first met he
25、r 3 years ago. She _(work) at a radio shop at that time. 2. “Why didnt you say hello to him?” “ I _ (not look) that way.” 3. I dont think Jim saw me. He _(stare) into space. 4.“Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?” “Of course. What is it?” “I _ (wonder) if you could tell me how to fill out the f
26、orm?” 5. Tom slipped into the house when no one _ (look). 6. The last time I _ (see) Jane, she _ ( pick) cotton in the fields. 7. As she _(read) the newspaper, Granny _ (fall) asleep. 8. Shirley _(write) a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. Ex.She didnt go to bed
27、 until she _ (finish) her work. 2. She showed me the picture she _( take ) for me on the great wall. 3. With their help I realized that I _ (be) wrong. 4. They finished the job earlier than we _ (expect). 5. This was the best film we _ ( seen). 6. He _(leave) before I could say “Thanks” to him. 7. T
28、hey _ (know) each other before they got married. ExercisesUsually I enjoy parties, but I _ this one very much. A. dont enjoy B. havent enjoyed C. am not enjoying D. wont enjoy2. - Look! Someone has spilt coffee on the carpet. - Well, it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been3. Your car l
29、ooks very clean. _ you _ it? A. Did, wash B. Had, washed C. Have, washed D. Do, wash4. - Ben has broken his leg. - Really? How _? A. did that happen B. has that happened C. had that happened D. does that happen5. Ouch! Ive cut my finger! It _. A. has bled B. bleeds C. is bleeding D. bled6. We didnt
30、get much sleep last night because the people next door _ a noisy party. A. have had B. were having C. had had D. have7. - Can you drive? - I _. My father teaches me. A. have learned B. am learning C. learned D. will learn8. I am calling to say goodbye to you. When _ you _ ? A. will, leave B. are, leaving C. do, leave D. are, to leave9
