1、仁爱英语8年级下册U8Topic2学科讲义无答案精品教育docUnit 8 Our ClothesTopic 2 We can design our own uniforms.复习：宾语从句1含义：当一个句子充当动词或介词的宾语时，这个句子就称之为宾语从句。宾语从句与主句之间由从属连词来连接。I think that its a beautiful park .主句 引导词 从句Can you tell me where you would like to go ?Do you know what you should take ?You should decide how you will
2、go there .二宾语从句的考点：1.语序：宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，即主语、谓语的顺序不能颠倒。如：Do you know where he lives ? 你知道他住在哪儿吗？Can you tell me when the plane will arrive?你能告诉我飞机将在什么时候到达吗？We asked what Lily was doing then.我们问莉莉那时她正在做什么。Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning.小明想要知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。Do you know that Lily di
3、dnt pass the exam?你知道莉莉没有通过考试吗？判断：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see?（）Can you tell me who（m）we have to see?（ ）2.引导词(1)当宾语从句由陈述句转化而来时，用that来引导宾语从句,that作宾语时可以省略, 作主语时不能省略。如：The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.收音机报道说明天有雨。注意：介词后边的that不能省。李明是好学生，只是有时粗心。Li Ming is a good student except that
4、he is sometimes careless.(2)当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时，要用whether 或if 来引导宾语从句，从句要由疑问语序改用陈述句语序。if和whether 都意为“是否”，两者通常能互换，但不可省略。如：I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已经知道这个消息了。Im not sure .Are there UFOs?Im not sure if/whether there are UFOs.注意：whether不可以换用if的情况。从句中有or not时。I cant say w
5、hether this is true or not.从句充当介词宾语。Im interested in whether she likes English.连接词后接不定式时。I dont know whether to go or to stay.作主语时。Whether he will come is not decided. (3)当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时，原句中的疑问词充当连接代词（如： which, what, who ,whom,which）或连接副词（如：how, where, why, when） 引导宾语从句，从句要由疑问语序改用陈述句语序。连接代词在从句中做主语
6、、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词在从句中做状语。如：Could you tell me what he said to you?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？我不知道谁会给我们作报告。I dont know who will give us a speech.I dont know .Whose dictionary is it?I dont know whose dictionary it is.They are talking about it.How can they do more for our country?They are talking about how they can do
7、 more for our country.3.时态：(1)当主句为一般现在时态时，从句根据语境可以使用任何时态。如：我听说她明天会到这儿。I hear she will be here tomorrow.请告诉我他昨晚做了什么。Please tell me what he did last night.他问我是否我来自美国。He asks me if I am from the U.S.A.举例：I hear that Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago. Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( cook ) din
8、ner tomorrow . Jim ( sing )a popular song now. Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. 答案：was is will cook is singing has been was playing(2)当主句为一般过去时态时，通常情况下，从句要用相应的过去的时态。如：Tom said (that) he usually got up at six. 汤姆说他通常六点起床。Nina told me (that) Linda
9、 was watching TV at home. 尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。We asked what Lily was doing then.我们问莉莉那时她正在做什么。She said (that) she would see me at the same place the next day. 她说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。（3）从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句使用什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时。如：Lisa asked whether light travels/goes faster than sound.莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。4.宾语从句中的否定
10、转移当主句的谓语是think, believe, guess, suppose等表示“认为、相信、猜想、期望”等意思的动词时, 且主句的主语是第一人称I/We, 时态为一般现在时时, 从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。I think it will rain tomorrow.I dont think it will rain tomorrow.I think this magazine is worth reading.I dont think this magazine is worth reading.但hope后接的宾语从句的否定不需要转移。如：I hope you werent ill
11、. 需要特别说明的是：涉及到转移的只是not，not以外的其它否定词，如no, never, hardly,few, little, seldom等，不必转移。如：I believe my brother has never been late for school.We can imagine birds can hardly live without these woods.5.有些做表语的形容词后也可以接宾语从句，如sure,glad,sorry，surprised等。如： Im glad that you get well so soon.很高兴你这么快就好了。 Im so sorry
12、 that you failed the test.你考试没过关，我真为你感到遗憾。练习：1. Could you please tell meC? Theyre over there. A. where are the restrooms B. where were the restroomsC. where the restrooms are D. where the restrooms were2. Excuse me. Do you knowAto buy some apples? Sure, theres a supermarket next to the bank. A. wher
13、e I can go B. who will help meC. what I should take D. when is the right time3.Do you think that the children need to make tea?的肯/否定回答。Yes,I think so./No,I dont think so(No,I think not).注意：hope 的否定回答只能用not.Will it rain the day after tomorrow?Yes,I hope so./No,I hope not.5.我想知道火车为什么晚点了。 I want to kno
14、w _ the train is late. 答案：why6.The small children dont know _B_ Awhat is their stockings （长袜）in Bwhat is in their stockings Cwhere is their stockings in Dwhat in their stockings Section A知识点击1.It depends on who will design our uniforms.它取决于谁来设计我们的校服。（1）depend on 取决于，依赖我不能确定明天我们能否去野餐。那要取决于天气。Im not s
15、ure if we can go for a picnic tomorrow.It depends on the weather.你不能指望别人来帮你。You cant depend on others to help you.（2）who引导宾语从句，在从句中做主语。我不知道谁会帮助我。I dont know who will help me.2. Its true that suitable uniforms can show good discipline.得体的校服能展示出良好的纪律，确实是这样的。 (1)本句是一个由it作形式主语的复合句，真正的主语是that从句，其结构为 It i
16、s +adj.+that从句。 类似的用法还有：It is important/necessary/well-known.that从句 E.g:人们穿不同的衣服是很有必要的。 It is necessary that people wear different clothes. 众所周知，太阳比地球大。 It is well-known that the sun is bigger than the earth. (2)suitable uniforms得体的制服3. Can you tell me what Miss Wang says? 本句为含有特殊疑问词what引导的宾语从句的复合句。
17、 拆散为两个简单句看看其变化： (1)Can you tell me ? (2) What does Miss Wang say ? 把特殊疑问句转为宾语从句的变化步骤： 引导词：特殊疑问词(不能省略)； 语序：从句用陈述语序，即“主语+谓语+其他” 人称变化 时态变化 E.g:Can you tell me ? Who are you waiting for ? Can you tell me who you are waiting for ? Do you know? Where is he from ? Do you know where he is from ?【拓展】直接引语与间接引
18、语直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引号里。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语不用引号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。 (1)人称的变化一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主直接引语中的第一人称根据间接引语中的主语作相应的变化二随宾直接引语中的第二人称根据间接引语中的主句的宾语作相应的变化第三人称不更新直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中不发生变化She said, “I am tired.” 她说：“我累了。”She said that she was tired.她说她累了。The headmaster said to us，“You must study hard
19、now.” 校长说：“你们现在一定要努力学习。”The headmaster told us that we had to study hard then.校长告诉我们，我们那时必须努力学习。Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ”Bill said that she was his elder sister. 比尔说她是他的姐姐。(2)引导词和语序直接引语 间接引语引导词语序陈述句that(可省略)不变一般疑问句if/whether疑问语序改为陈述语序特殊疑问句wh- 类词疑问语序改为陈述语序如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时多用“名词（代词）+不定式”结
20、构，否定句在to前面加not; 引述动词常用ask“请求”，tell“告诉”，order“命令”等。“Please sit down. ” Jim said to me. Jim asked me to sit down. 吉姆请我坐下。(3)时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。(4)指示代词、时间和地点状语等的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat n
21、ightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next daythe next week地点状语herethere方向性动词bringcometakego（重）4.Could you tell me when you wear your uniforms? 你能告诉我你们什么时候穿制服吗？ 1、when 引导宾语从句时译为“什么时候”,“询问具体时间”。 2、when 引导时间状语从句时译为“当时”，“就在这时”，此时无“询问”的含义。 我不知道他什么时候会来。 I dont know when he will c
22、ome. （宾语从句）当病人有需要时，他们能够很容易地找到我们。Patients can find us easily when they are in need. （时间状语从句）我正在读书，就在这时电话铃响了。I am reading when the telephone rings.（时间状语从句）【拓展】when引导的宾语从句只能放在主句后面，而状语从句放在主句前后都可以。练习：Can you tell me when you _will start_(start) out? When you _start_(start) out,I will see you off.5.And ou
23、r uniforms may stop some people from doing bad things. 我们的制服可以防止一些人干坏事。 stop . from doing sth. = keep/prevent . from doing sth. 阻止，防止干某事 E.g: 你无法阻止人们说出自己的想法。 You cant stop people from saying what they think. 她父母试图阻止她和他见面。 Her parents tried to stop her from seeing him. 知识拓展： stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停止正
24、在做的事情） 如： Suddenly everyone stopped talking. 突然每个人都停下来不说话了。 stop to do sth. 停下（正在做的事）去做（另一件事）如： We stopped to take pictures. 我们停下来去照相。Section B知识点击1.It is important to wear suitable clothes on every occasion.(1) 本句型为：It is +adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. ，it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth. ，意为“（对于某人来说）做.是.的”。可以与It
25、 is +adj.+that . 句型转换。E.g:保护环境对我们来说很重要。It is important for us to take care of the enviroment.=It is important that we should take care of the enviroment.(2) on every occasion 在每一个场合，occasion为可数名词。在特殊的场合 on a special occasion2.People should dress correctly.人们应该正确着装。（1）dress 穿衣，不及物动词。女士们今晚穿得都很漂亮。The l
26、adies dress beautifully tonight.【拓展】作及物动词，宾语只能是某人或反身代词，也可以在其后搭配in+衣服或颜色，即dress (sb.) in.。如：他太小，还不会自己穿衣服。He is too young to dress himself.她总是穿着黑色衣服。He always dresses in black.3. 宾语从句与简单句的转换：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词to do”结构的简单句。如：I dont know what to say.=I dont know what I should say. 我不知道要说什么。Can yo
27、u tell me how to get to the park?=Can you tell me how I can get to the park?The customer wants to know where to find the special shoes.=The customer wants to know where he/she can find the special shoes.特殊疑问词+动词不定式转化为宾语从句时，一要根据句意找出对应的人称代词；二要根据语气加上一个情态动词。Section C知识点击1. Firefighters wear special coat
28、s and helmets to protect themselves from heat and falling ceilings. 消防人员穿特殊服装和戴头盔是为了保护他们自己免受高温和坠落的天花板的伤害。 (1)此句的“to + v.”意为“为了.” 是动词不定式作目的状语的用法。 E.g:我到北京去是为了参观长城。 I will go to Beijing to visit the Great Wall. (2)protect. from. “保护. 免受.的伤害” E.g:我们戴太阳镜是为了保护眼睛免受阳光的伤害。 We wear sunglasses to protect our
29、eyes from the sun. （3）heat n.高温，热量 v.把.加热 我想烧些水。I want to heat some water. （4）falling ceilings 正在坠落的天花板，falling是现在分词作定语，强调“正在发生”2. When we see airline pilots wearing uniforms at the airport,we believe that they know how to fly the plane. 当我们在机场看见航空公司飞行员穿着制服时，我们相信他们知道怎样驾驶飞机。 (1)when引导一个时间状语从句，在主句中又包含
30、了由that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中有一个how to fly.的“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。 (2)wearing uniforms 现在分词作宾语补足语，修饰airline pilots。3. So its necessary for us to know different uniforms in the daily life. 所以对于我们来说了解日常生活中的不同制服是有必要的。 在日常生活中 in the daily lifeSection D知识点击1.What people wear depends on their likes and dislikes. 人们穿什么取决于他们的喜好。 (1) what people wear 在句中充当主语，叫主语从句，谓语动词用单数形式。 (2) 句中的like是名词，意为“喜好，爱好”，反义词为dislike，通常用复数。 E.g:我们都各有不同的喜好。 We all have different likes and dislikes.2. People in Canada and the United States usually wear suits to work in offices, as well as for more formal occasions, just as people do
