1、国际货运代理专业英语unit 7 The practice of international ocean cargo transportationUNIET 7 The practice of international ocean cargo transportationSea Transportation海运概述1课文：Shipping constitutes the principal mode of international transport and is estimated to carry about 90 percent of international trade in t
2、erms of volume注释：constitute：构成，相当于principal：最重要的，首要的estimate：估计in terms of：就来说volume：量，额译文：海运是国际运输的最重要方式，预计其承担了90%的国际贸易量。2课文：Consequently，it is very important for the freight forwarder to be able to identify the formalities relating to carriage of goods by sea to be able to provide all efficient ser
3、vice注释：consequently：所以，因此freight forwarder：货运代理人（行）identify：认出，识别，确定formality：手续，例行公事carriage：运输译文：因此对于货运代理人来说，熟悉海洋货物运输的手续是非常重要的，这样才能提供有效的服务。一、Transport Geography 运输地理1课文：An international freight forwarder should be familiar with international trade routes.注释：be familiar with：熟悉trade route：贸易线路译文：国际
4、货运代理应熟悉国际贸易线路。2课文：He or she should have knowledge of main traffic routes, location of ports, trans-shipment points and inland centers.注释：knowledge：知识 （have knowledge of: 具备.知识，可以引申为“了解，熟悉”）traffic routes：运输线路location：位置trans-shipment points：转运地inland center：内陆中心、译文：他（她）应该熟悉主要的交通线路，港口的位置，转运地和内陆中心。3课文
5、：A freight forwarder should also have a general idea of the pattern of international trade and its changing trends.注释：idea：概念，注意，明白pattern：型式，模式trend：走向，方向，趋势，倾向译文：货运代理人还应该对国际贸易的格局和变化趋势有一个整体的概念。二、Different Types of shipping services 不同类型的海上运输服务(考试重点) 2-1 课文：The international shipping market offers f
6、our types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.注释：namely: 即，就是，换句话说(=that is) conference lines:班轮公会运输non-conference lines:非班轮公会运输non-vessel operation common carriers: 无营运船公共承运人tramp service:不定期船运输(tramp: 在这里是指的“不定期航行”)课文意思
7、：国际海上运输市场提供了四种类型的服务，即班轮公会运输，非班轮公会运输，无营运船公共承运人和不定期船运输2-2 Conference Lines 班轮公会运输课文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班轮公会的定义，了解一下)注释：shipping
8、conference:班轮公会group: 团体，集团shipping lines: 班轮运输operating: 运行的，操作的particular: 特殊的，特定的under agreement: 按照协议的，在这里引申为“预定的” scheduled: 按船期表的tariff:费率表，运费表(我们最常用的词义是“关税”)fixed:固定的itinerary:路线，旅行计划ports of call: 挂靠港，停靠港课文意思：班轮公会是按预定的船期表在特定的航线上从事营运的班轮公司的组织，具有共同的费率表、固定的挂靠港。课文: The purpose of a shipping confe
9、rence is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.注释：purpose:目的eliminate：消除，除去price competition: 运价竞争member lines: 会员公司reduce:减少outside competition: 外部竞争captur
10、e:获得，争取(原义是“捕获”)traffic: 在这里是“买卖，交易”的意思loyalty: 忠诚，忠实(loyalty agreement: 忠诚协议)shipper:托运人课文意思：班轮运输的目的是消除会员公司之间在运价上的竞争，通过与托运人之间达成的忠诚协议为会员争取大量货源，以减少外部竞争。对于托运人来说班轮公会运输的优势(两点)：1. Stability of freight rates.稳定的运费率(stability: 稳定，稳定性)2. Regularity of services.定期的运输服务(regularity:定期，规则，规则性)班轮公会运输的缺点(三点)： 1.
11、Rates are usually high. 费率一般很高2. Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand as in a tramp service.费率不会像不定期船那样随供求关系的变化而变动。(fluctuate:变化，变动;supply and demand:供求)3. Rules and procedures are inflexible.规则和程序不灵活(rules:规则;procedure:程序，手续;inflexible:不灵活的)2-3 Non-conference lines 非班轮公会运输 课文：In re
12、cent years, along most international routes, non-conference lines have posed a challenge to conference system.注释：in recent years: 近几年along: 沿着pose a challenge to: 对.提出挑战课文意思：近几年，出现在大多数国际航线上的非班轮公会运输，对班轮公会提出了挑战。 课文：This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many indep
13、endent carriers.注释：attributable: 可归于.的(be attributable to: 可归因于) containerization: 集装箱运输，货柜运输emergence:出现，发生independent carriers: 独立承运人课文意思：这是由于集装箱运输和许多独立承运人的出现。 课文：As a result, along some routes, the conference lines have been forced to come to terms with the non-conference lines in regard to rates
14、, and terms and condition of service.注释：as a result:结果be forced to:被迫去做.come to terms:达成协议，妥协，让步in regard to: 关于(=regarding, with regard to) terms: 价钱，费用condition:条件。课文意思：结果航运公会被迫在运价、运输条件上和非班轮公会公司达成协议。 2-4 Non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC) 无营运船公共承运人 课文：An NVOCC is a carrier who operates a
15、regular scheduled service. He does not own or operate the vessels by which sea transportation is provided. (无船承运人的定义，了解一下)注释：operate: 营运vessel: 船舶 sea transportation: 海上运输课文意思：无船承运人是从事定期营运的承运人，但并不拥有或经营海上运输所需的船舶。 课文：Although the NVOCC is a carrier in his relationship with the actual shipper, he is a
16、shipper in his relationship with the actual carrier.注释：in relationship with: 与.的关系课文意思：尽管无船承运人相对于实际托运人是承运人，而相对于实际承运人是托运人。课文：He assumes the role of the principal and performs several functions.注释：assume: 担任，承担(assume a role of: 担任.角色)principal: 主要的，最重要的，负责人(在这里是指“委托人”) function: 职责，功能，作用，效力课文意思：(无船承运
17、人)担任负责人的角色并履行一些职责 课文：He assumes responsibility for ocean carriers, both conference and non-conference lines.注释：assume responsibility: 负责，承担责任ocean carrier: 海上承运人课文意思：(无船承运人)对海上承运人负责，包括班轮运输和非班轮运输。 课文：He renders a useful service by providing groupage or consolidation services, particularly to small sh
18、ippers who do not have much bargaining power in negotiating rates. 注释：render: 给与 groupage or consolidation services: 拼箱或集运服务( groupage: 拼箱，拼装(小批量)货物consolidation: 拼箱，集运货物) bargaining: 讨价还价 negotiating rate: 谈判价课文意思：(无船承运人)通过提供拼箱或集运服务给予托运人有效的服务，特别是对那些在谈判价格中没有多少讨价还价能力的小的托运人。2-5 Tramp service 不定期船运输 课文
19、：Tramp service has no fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand. (不定期船的定义，了解一下)注释：according to ：根据，按照课文意思：不定期船运输没有固定的路线或者船期表，根据供求情况在任何线路上营运。 课文：Tramp vessels are usually chartered at negotiated rates, particularly when the quantity of cargo is large.注释：c
20、harter: 租赁，包租课文意思：通常是在谈判价格下租赁不定期船船舶，特别是当货物的数量很大的时候。三、Shipping documents 货运单证(考试重点) 3-1 课文：The documents commonly used in carriage of goods by sea are bills of lading, sea waybills, manifests, shipping notes, delivery orders and mates receipts.注释：bills of lading: 提单 sea waybills: 海运单 manifests: 舱单 sh
21、ipping notes: 托运单 delivery orders: 提货单 mates receipts: 大副收据课文意思：海上货物运输常用的单证包括提单、海运单、舱单、托运单、提货单和大副收据。3-2 bill of lading 提单 课文：The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it is signed only by the carrier. However, it provides evidence of contract of carriage.注释：evidence of contract o
22、f carriage：海上运输合同的证明课文意思：提单本身不是运输合同，因为它只是由承运人签署的，但是它是海上运输合同的证明。 课文：It serves as a receipt for goods delivered to the carrier.注释：serve as: 作为 receipt: 收据课文意思：提单是货物交付给承运人的收据。 课文：Besides, the bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consi
23、gnee or any other party by endorsement.注释：besides: 另外 document of title: 物权凭证 endorsement: 背书课文意思：另外，提单可作为物权凭证，使提单通过背书，将货物的所有权从托运人转移到收货人或者其他方手中。3-3 Sea waybill 海运单 课文：A sea waybill is the replacement of the traditional ocean bill of lading.注释: replacement: 代替，替换 traditional: 传统的课文意思：海运单替代了传统的海洋提单。 课
24、文：The waybill is a non-negotiable document and made out to a named consignee who is allowed, upon production of proper identification, to claim the goods without presenting the waybill.注释：non-negotiable: 不可转让的，不流通的 make out: 书写，填写(=fill out) named: 指定的 allowed:承认的，允许的 proper: 正确的，适当的 identification:
25、 证明 claim: 要求，主张课文意思：海运单是一种不可流通的单证，且填写了经承认的指定收货人，在提供了货物身份证明后，无须出示提单即可提货。3-3 Cargo manifest 货物舱单 课文：A cargo manifest provides information regarding cargo on board.注释：regarding: 关于 on board: 在船上，已装船课文意思：货物舱单提供已装船货物的信息。 课文：A freight manifest gives information regarding freight rates, surcharges, rebate
26、s, etc.注释：freight rate: 运费 surcharge: 附加费 rebate: 折扣，回扣货物舱单提供了运费，附加费，折扣等的信息。 课文：The manifest is prepared by the carriers agent but the freight forwarder has to handle it while dealing with the customs and port authorities.注释：handle: 处理，控制 deal with: 安排，处理 port authorities: 港务局课文意思：货物舱单是由承运人代理准备的，但是货
27、运代理人必须持有货物舱单与海关和港务局(办理货物进出口)。3-4 Shipping note 托运单 课文：A shipping note is issued by the shipper to the carrier requesting allocation of shipping space.注释：request: 要求，请求 allocation: 分配，配置 shipping space: 舱位课文意思：托运单是托运人签发给承运人要求分配舱位的单证。 课文：It is a commitment on the part of the shipper to ship the goods
28、and serves as the basis for the preparation of the bill of lading.注释：commitment: 承诺，委托 preparation: 准备，预备课文意思：托运单是托运人委托运输货物，作为准备提单的基础。3-5 Delivery order 提货单课文：A delivery order is issued by the carrier or his agent to enable the consignee or his forwarding agent to take delivery of the cargo (import
29、cargo) from the vessel.课文意思：提货单是由承运人或其代理签发给收货人或其代理，使后者能够从船上提货。3-6 Mates receipts 大副收据课文：A mates receipt is the receipt issued by the carrier in the acknowledgement of the goods received on board (export cargo) which is subsequently exchange for the bill of lading.注释：in the acknowledgement of: 承认. su
30、bsequently: 后来，随后 exchange for: 交换，换取课文意思：大副收据是由承运人签发，是对货物装船的确认，以后可用大副收据换取提单。四、历年考试分析 1.( )is subsequently exchanged for the marine bill of lading. ( ) 2004年单选A. Booking noteB. Delivery orderC. Mates receiptD. Cargo manifest答案：C分析：参考书中大副收据的内容，这句话是书中的原话。大幅收据以后可用来换取提单。 booking note is issued by the (
31、) requesting allocation of shipping space. -2005年单选A. carrier to the agentB. carrier to the shipperC. shipper to the carrierD. carrier to the consignee答案：C分析：参考书中托运单的内容(shipping note), 托运单是由托运人签发给承运人要求分配舱位的单据。 the marine bill of lading has three functions, namely ().2004年多选题。A. evidence of the contract of carriage
