1、Unit2动名词作主语和宾语Unit2动名词作主语和宾语必修四Unit2动名词(V-ing)作主语和宾语动名词由动词的-ing形式构成，于现在分词同型。作为动名词，它具有动词的基本性质，可以有自己的状语和宾语，也具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语，表语，宾语。总结归纳： 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用 。 动名词既可作动词宾语，又可作 宾语。动名词的形式 主动式 被动式一般式：doing being done 完成式：having done having been doneTalking is easier than doing. He enjoys fishing.Dont be afraid of
2、 speaking English.V-Ing做主语的三种情况 掌握只能加ing作宾语的动词;掌握加ing与不定式作宾语的含义有区别的动词 ;Ing的复合结构1动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1)Playing tricks on others is something we should never do2)Learning new words is very important for me3) Talking is easier than doing.用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数
3、名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。1) Its worth making the effort2) It is useless trying to argue with Shylock3) Is it any good trying to explain?4)It is pleasant working with you在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do ” 如：1) There is no hiding of evil but not to do it2) Here is no
4、joking about such matter.3) There was no knowing when he would leave.动名词和to do 不定式作的区别 -ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作（抽象），不定式则通常表示具体的动作。I like reading，but now I like to see a film. 注意：There is no need to do sth 干、没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing. There is no need to tell her. 注意：-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。My sisters b
5、eing ill made we worried.Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong. 在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换用-ing形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的 There is no doing
6、 无法， 不允许 There is no sense in doing 做没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干无意义 There was no knowing where we would go. There is no point doing such a silly thing. 而在Its important / Its necessary / Its advisable / Its essential /
7、 Its fitting 这类句型中，只能用不定式， Its important to learn foreign languages. Its quite necessary to read it many times. 动名词作宾语有两种情况: 一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。1 后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有：避免错过少延期 (avoid，miss，postpone)建议完成多练习 (advice, consider，suggest，finish，practice )喜欢想象禁不住 (enjoy，imagine，cannot help)
8、承认否定与嫉妒 (admit, deny, envy )逃避冒险莫原谅 (escape，risk, excuse)忍受保持不介意 (stand, keep，mind)I cant avoid goingHave you considered looking for one special friend? 2 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀: 双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。 不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。begin , start ,like ,prefer , hate ,dislike ,continue .remember , forget , try ,
9、 mean , stop , regret , want , need , require A在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。 C在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如： I remember posting the letter Ill remember to
10、post the letter I shall never forget seeing the famous writer Dont forget to write to your mother I regret missing the report I regret to say I cant take your adviceD在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如： We must try to get everything done in t
11、ime. Lets try doing the working in some other way I didnt mean to make you angry Your plan would mean spending hoursE. go on doing “继续做一直在做的事”；go on to do “接着做另一件事”。 Please go on doing the same exercise Please go on to do the other exerciseFstop doing与stop to do: stop doing“停止做”，stop to do “停下正在干的事去
12、干另一件事”。 We stopped talking We stopped to talk作介词宾语,动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等。跟踪练习1. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have
13、 had B. Having had C. Have D. Having2. The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept3. How I regret _ so much time in the net bar! I should have studied harder.A. to waste B. wasting C. wasted D. bei
14、ng wasted4. Its hard to imagine _ anywhere else but here.A. live B. to live C. living D. to living5. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing6. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a v
15、isit C. walk in D. walking in7.The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off8. What do you think of the book?Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read9. This sentence n
16、eeds _.A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved10 Our monitor suggested a discussion of this subject. Ato have Bshould have Chave Dhaving11. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well，now I regret _that.Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving done 12. The letter t
17、hat I was looking forward to _ at last.A. coming B. came C. come D. being come 13. What do you think of the book？ -Oh，excellentIts worth a second time Ato read Bto be read Creading Dbeing read 14 is a good form of exercise for young and old AThe walk BWalking CTo walk DWalk 15I dont regret even if i
18、t might have upset her Ato tell her what I thought Bto have told her that I thoughtCtelling what I thought Dtelling her what I thought16The library needs , but it will have to wait until Sunday Acleaning Bto clean Cclean Dbeing cleaned17I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five da
19、ysAsail Bto sail Csailing Dto have sailed18I must apologize for ahead of timeThats all rightAletting you not know Bnot letting you know Cletting you know not Dletting not you know 19What do you think of the novel Oh, its really Awell worth reading Bvery good to read Cworthy reading Dworth to be read
20、20Whats troubling them is enough experienced workers Athat they having no Bthey not have Ctheir not having Dnot their having21She likes but she doesnt like this afternoonShed like some other dayAswimming；swimming；to swim Bto swim；swimming；to swimCswim；to swim；swimming Dswimming；to swim；to swim22She
21、didnt remember him beforeAhaving met Bhave met Cto meet Dto having met23I would appreciate back this afternoon Ayou to call Byou call Cyour calling Dyoure calling 24How about the two of us a walk down the garden Ato take Btake Ctaking Dto be taking25Let me tell you something about the journalistsDon
22、t you remember me the story yesterdayAtold Btelling Cto tell Dto have told26The pupil asked the teacher how much time he spent violin every day Ato practice to play the Bpracticing playing the Cto practice to play Dpracticing to play27Its no use forward to from her soon Ato look; to hear Blooking; h
23、earing Clooking; hear Dlook; hear28Missing the bus means home Ato walk Bwalking Cwalked Dwalk29She was lucky enough by the car Amissing being hit Bto miss hitting Cmissing to be hit Dto miss being hit30My car has brokenI must Aget down to repair it Bhave it repair Cget down to repairing it Dhave it
24、to be repaired31Have you got used to in this factoryAwork Bworking Cworked Dhaving worked32We were lucky that we just escaped the rain Abeing caught in Bto be caught in Ccatching Dto catch33It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D .repaired 34. Iit
25、s no good _ over split milk. A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry35. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow?A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C .borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing36. The classroom wants _.A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D.
26、 cleaning37. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us.A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited高考回顾1. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. That D. Suffered2. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover
27、 from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung4.-What do you think made Mary so upset？-_ her new bicycle.A. As she lost BLost CLosing DBecause of losing5.What worried the child mo
28、st was _ to visit his mother in the hospitalAhis not allowing Bhis not being allowed Chis being not allowed Dhaving not been allowed 答案1-5DCB CD。have a hard time (in) doing意为“费了很大劲做”，-ing形式作介词的宾语。此句中省略了介词in，增加了试题的难度。类似的结构还有：spend . (in) doing花费做have difficulty / trouble (in) doing 做有困难stop / prevent
29、 . (from) doing阻止做waste time (in) doing浪费时间做excuse . (for) doing原谅做be busy (in) doing 忙于做6D。许多含有to 的短语动词中的to为介词，其后若跟动词，应用其-ing形式作宾语。7C。有些动词既可跟-ing形式也可跟不定式作宾语，但含义不同。8C。be worth后常跟-ing形式的主动式作宾语，表示被动意义。9C。need后常跟-ing形式的主动式或不定式的被动式，表示被动意义。该句相当于This sentence needs to be improved.10D11D。本句意为：我现在后悔在会上提出了反对
30、意见。表示对已经发生的事情“后悔”应用regret doing having done13B 14C 15 B 16D 17A 18C 19 B 20A 21C 22D 23A 24 C 25C 26B 27B 28B 29 B 30D 31C 32B 33A 34 A 35B 36A 37D 38C 高考1精析：根据句意“it may now be too late to ” 和 “already”可知“河流已经被严重污染”，应用完成时。答案A。2A解析：本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。分析题干，前一部分相当于一个条件状语从句，即If he is given ，因为主句是 it，从句应含被动意义，这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义即含被动意义。3B解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式，其一般不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；C
