1、高考英语第一轮总复习讲座之八SBUnits 15162005年高考英语第一轮总复习讲座之八（SB-Units 15-16）一、单元考点提示1.单词A advise, contain, discuss, examineB collect, control, fire, might, roof, wonder2.短语A as much as, at the end of, be rich/low in, burn up, change into, in the future, put on weight/lose weight, scores of, soft drink.B belong to,
2、 break out, catch fire, get close to, in that case, look out, lose ones life, on fire, on the 11th floor, put out3.句型结构1. I advise you(not) to do something.2. Youd better(not) do something.3. I suggest(that) you(not) do something.4. Why not do something? / Why dont you do something?5. Find out where
3、 the nearest fire exit is as soon as you arrive at your hotel.6. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it .7. The smoke from the fire was too thick for them to be able to land on the roof.二、考点精析与拓展1. advise; suggestadvise 与suggest 都可作“建议”讲，二者用法有同有异。(1)相同点表示建议做某事，
4、advise与suggest都可采用下列三种句型: + 名词 + 动名词 + that从句（从句中常用should加动词原形，should可以省略。）eg. He advised/ suggested an early start.He advised/ suggested (our) starting early.He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early.(注：只要是用从句表示建议该做的事，从句中就可用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。)上面的第三句可转化为：It was suggested that we (sho
5、uld) start early.What he suggested was that we(should) start early.His suggestion was that we (should) start early.(2)不同点advise后可以跟人称代词作宾语，而suggest后不可以跟人称代词作宾语。故可以说：advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)that.前三种结构中不可将advise改为suggest，如：他建议我们
6、去参观博物馆。正He advised us to go to visit the museum.误He suggested us to go to visit the museum.误He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.suggest还有“暗示、表明、说、指出（一个事实）”的意思。此时从句中用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。如：The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the p
7、atient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陈述了一个事实，故用陈述语气。)比较：Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建议该做某事，从句中用should加动词原形，should在从句中省略。)2. except; besides; except for+名词/except that+句子用法区别。except 相当于but,表示“除了以外（不包括在内）”，常与all, nobody,everything,e
8、verybody, nowhere等表示整体概念的词连用。besides相当于apart from，表示“除以外（尚有）”之义。except for./except that .表示“除了”之意，引述一个相反的原因或细节，因而部分地修正了句中的主要意思。如：Your article is well written except for some grammar mistakes.你的文章写得好，只是有几处语法错误。3 in future;in the future; for the futurein future意思是“从今以后”。例如：In future,be careful with yo
9、ur pronunciation.今后要注意你的发音。Such a bad habit must be got rid of in future.今后成长须改掉这样的坏习惯。in the furture意思是“将来、今后的日期”，但 不一定就是从今立即开始，而是将来的时间。例如：No one can know what will happen in the future.没有人知道将来会发生什么事。My sister wants to be actress in the future.我妹妹将来想当演员。for the future的意思是“就未来而论、今后”，作“今后”解时可与in futu
10、re替换使用。例如：What are your plans for the future when you grow up? 你长大以后对你的未来有什么打算？For the future, well have to depend on ourselves.今后我们得依靠自己。4diet; food两者都可作“食物”解。diet指的是习惯上吃的食物或规定要吃的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。food是一般用语。凡能吃喝的具有营养的东西都可称food.例如：The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the
11、world。中国的饮食被认是世界上最健康的饮食。Proper diet and exercise are both important to health.适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都很重要。He is on a special diet to lose weight.他服用特别饮食以减肥。The doctor put him on a liquid diet after operation.手术之后医生规定他吃流食。They eat different kinds of food which change into energy.他们吃的各种各样的食物都转化成能量。His food includ
12、es eggs, vegetables, fruit and some soft drinks.他的食物包括鸡蛋、蔬菜、水果和一些软饮料。5. exmination; exam; test; quizexamination通常只指正式的“考试”，如期末考试、入学考试等。exam是examination的缩写，常用于口语，多为学生使用。test为“小考”成“考查”,quiz为“测验”,特指事先无准备，随时进行的测验，也可指（广播节目中的）一般知识测验、问答比赛、猜谜等。例如：He did very well in the entrance examination. 他在入学考试中成绩很好。The
13、res going to be a physics test this afternoon.今天下午将进行物理考试。The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz.老师对我们进行了一次五分钟的小测验。6as.as.用法小结（1）.as+形容词（副词）原级+as.;not as/so+形容词（副词）原级+as.Their factory is as large as ours.他们的工厂和我们的一样大。I study as hard as you.我和你一样用功学习。He doesnt get up as/ so early as his parents.他不像他父
14、母那样早起床。（2）倍数 + as + 形容词（副词）原级+as.Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.线段AB是线段CD长的3倍。（3）as + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + as; as + 形容词+复数名词 + asShe is as good many records as possible.我们需要尽量多的唱片。There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of suga
15、r.其中的含糖量相当于八块方糖。I havet got as much money as I thought.我没有原来想象的那么多钱。（5）as much/ many as多达，那么多On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour.在运动会上，进行接力赛跑时，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小时多达650卡。As many as 700 different languages are spoken in Africa.非洲有多达700种不同的
16、语言。He didnt catch as many as hed hoped.他没有捉住预想的那么多。（6）as.as possible; as. as one can The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can.=The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老师在黑板上应尽可能仔细地把字写好。Please be as friendly as possible to your
17、friends.=Please be as friendly as you can.请对你的朋友尽可能友好。（7）as.as + 年代数字/名词As early as 1950 I knew him.早在1950 年我就认识他了。He walked as far as the post office.他步行到邮局。（8）as/so far as I knowAs/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他将要离家3个月。（9）as soon as就Please let us know as soon as y
18、ou arrive in Bejing.一到北京，请通知我们一声。（10）as well as 和；也；还有He gave me money as well as advice.他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。He studies French as well as English.他不但学习英语，而且学习法语。（11）as/so long as 只要；如果You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可以用那本词典。 7. be out; put outbe out 指“（灯、火）熄灭”，强调状态。 put
19、 out 意为“熄灭、扑灭” ，强调动作。如：Is the fire out ?Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.8. catch fire; on firecatch fire 意为“着火”，表示动作。on fire 意为“着火、在燃烧”，表示状态。如：Suddenly a pan of oil catches fire.Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the flo
20、ors above to escape.9. save; rescuesave意为“救、挽救”，是普通而含义广泛的常用词。指通过救援不但使受害者（人、动物或物）能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其在今后能安全地生存下去。有时可与rescue通用。如:He operated on her at once, and Edisons mother was saved.They fight against the enemy to save their country.rescue意为“救、营救、挽救”，多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速而有效的救援，一般指救人。如：Helicopters were sent t
21、o rescue them, but it was impossible for them to get close enough.10. cloth; clothes; dresscloth指做衣服等用的“衣料、布”。一般作不可数名词。如:I put a piece of wet cloth around my face and lay on the floor for about two hours.注：用于表达特殊用途的布，如“桌布、抹布”等时，cloth用做可数名词。如：He washed a table cloth just now.clothes意为“衣服”，总是以复数形式出现，泛
22、指身上穿的各部分衣着，包括上衣、裤子、内衣、背心等。如:Look at these clothes. They are on Mrs Greens clothes line.注意：（1）“一件衣服”不可说 a clothes, 应说 an article of clothing;“一套衣服”可说a suit(set) of clothes.(2)clothes 前不可直接用数词修饰，如不可说three clothes.(3)clothes 前可用these, those, the, many, few修饰，口语中可用much, little修饰。(4)chothes作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数
23、形式。dress 可用于可数和不可数名词，用于可数名词时，常指妇女、儿童服装、内衣或外衣等公共场合穿的衣服。用于不可数名词时，统指“衣服”。该词可作动词，意为“给穿衣”。如：What colour is Mrs Greens dress?He could not wash himself or get dressed.II句型1. advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事（suggest不这样用）。I advise you to take the chance.我建议你抓住机会。What do you advise me to do?你建议我怎么办？I advise you n
24、ot to lose heart; just keep on.我劝你不要灰心，继续干。advise 还可同suggest一样，后接名词、代词、动名词（短语）和that从句（用虚拟语气）作宾语。What would you advise?你有什么建议吗？I advise you an early start我建议你早点出发。I advise holding a metting to discuss the problem.我建议召开一次会议来讨论这个问题。I advise you (should) go to once.我建议你马上去。2. had better (not) do sth.最好（
25、不要）做某事。用来委婉地提出建议或劝告.had通用于各种人称和数的形式.。Youd better give up smoking.It dose no good to your health.你最好把烟戒掉，吸烟对健康没好处。she had better not come this evening .今晚她最好不要来。3.There is sth.wrong with.,.出问题了，出毛病了。相当于sth.is wrong with.Whats wrong with you?你怎么了？There is something wrong with my back.我的背有点毛病。Is there
26、anything wrong with yous radio?你的收音机出毛病了吗？ Yes.It doesnt work.是的，不响了。4.by the age of/at the age of,by到时为止。表示的是一段时间，句子通常用完成时态。at在时候。表示的是具体时间点，句子通常用一般时态。By the age of ten,he had learned to play the piano.10岁的时候，他就学会了弹钢琴。He was very clever.and at the age of 15 he went to college.他非常聪明，15岁时上大学了。By the e
27、nd of this term,well have learned 2000 English words.到本学期末，我们将学会2000个英语单词。At the end of this term,well hold an English party.在本学期末，我们将举行一次英语晚会.5.sothat/suchthat如此以致于/结果。 adj. adv. so+ adj.+a/an+n.(单数) +that many/much/few/little+n. a/an+adj.+n.(单数)such+ n.(复数) +that n.(不可数) 例句：This film is so moving
28、that I want to see it again.这电影太动人了，我还想再看一遍。He walked so fast that I couldnt keep up with him.他走得太快，我跟不上。This is so interesting a book such an interesting book The villagers were such kind people that they all came to help us.村民们都是好心人，都前来给我们帮忙。It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a
29、 walk.天气这么好，我们都想出去走走。There were so many books in the shop that he didnt know which to buy.书店里书那么多，他都不知道买哪些。三、经典名题导解题1 （NMET 2002）Boris has brain. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ.A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest分析：B。higher是形容词比较级修饰IQ，在此表示“班上没有人有更高的智商”，因此是泛指，前面加
30、不定冠词。题2 (上海 1996)I suggest you _by taking this medicine.A. to lose weight B. will lose weight C. lose weight D. are losing weight分析：C。suggest 后是宾语从句，从句主语you与lose之间省略了should.题3 （NMET 1998）Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B.give in C. be turned
31、 on D. go out分析：put up 举起、搭起、张贴等；give in 投降、屈服；turn on 开、旋开（电灯、自来水等）。go out 为不及物动词词组，指“（灯、火等）熄灭”。答案为D。 gone out When the firemen got there ,the fire had been put out.救火员到时，火已经熄灭了（扑灭了）。题4 （NMET 2000春）John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones.A. as long as B. in order C.in case D. so that分析：C。as long as只要；in order that为了;in case以防; so that以致.从句意可知, 此题要用 in case.题5 (NMET 2000)I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring so
