1、初中现在完成时态讲解及练习doc初三语法专项训练：现在完成时用法小结现在完成时的构成：助动词have （has） +过去分词，1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如: I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净 了”）现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already （”己经”用于肯定句的 中间和末尾处）never （ “从不”用于中间处）ever （”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）just（ “刚刚”用于中间处）yet（ “已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/ “还”用于否定句的末尾处）现
2、在完成吋与一般过去吋的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在其至会继续下去或表示 过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在 过去。试比较：The plane ha s arrived .飞机己经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这 儿）Th e plane arri ved a quarte r ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）Iha ve taught he re for fifte en years.我在这儿己经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。)I taught her e for a year.我过去在这儿教过
3、一年。(表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了)练习：I.翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3.我以前从来没去过那个农场。4.他己经吃过午饭了。5 .你己经看过这部电影丫吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。7 .我上星期看过这部电影。8.在1992年他住在这里。II.用过去吋或现在完成吋填空：1. you (have) lunch ? Yes.When you (ha ve) it? I (have)it at 12:00.2. you (write) a letter to y our aunt yet ?Yes, I .1 (wr ite) one las t week.3.
4、 he (finish) hi s homework?Not yet4. they eve r (be) abroad ? Yesjust once.5.Your fath er just (finis h) his work.6.Your fath er (finish) hi s work just now.7.Last term I (learn ) many Engli sh words.8.They (not r ead) the int eresting boo ks yet.9.He never (g o) to the sc iencemuseum .10. you ev er
5、 (drink)coke?11. you (buy) a dictionary? Yes, IWhere yo u (buy) it ? I (buy ) it in a bo okstore.When you (buy) it? YesterdaySince和fo r的用法表示过去己经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for ,since, how long, so fa r, these day s 等。Since+过去点的时间，for+段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用 how long 提问。一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为 一点。如：M
6、r. Sm ith has work ed here sine e 1984. 1984 年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。He s lea rned about 5 ,000 English words since he went to college.他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。如：We have known each other for twenty y ears.我们认识右二十年了。 I haven t seen her f or a long ti me.我好久没有见到她了。练习：用since和for填空1)two ye
7、ars1 ast month2)t wo years ago3)4)19994 oc lock5)y esterday6) _7) 4 hourswer e children8)an h our ago 9)we10)lun ch time11)she le ft here1.He has lived i n Nanjing the y ear before I ast.2.Ive known him we were childre n.3.Our tea cher has stu died Japanes e three years.4.She has b een away fro m th
8、e city a bout ten yea rs.5.If s a bout ten yea rs she left t he city.2.短暂性转换延续性1arriv e at/in sw.get to八each sw. come/go /move to sw.峙 be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be her e/be there1)He got to Be ijing five m inutes ago.He Beiji ng for 2)I moved to the USA last year. the USA since 3)I wen
9、 t home yeste rday.1 ho me for .4)They c ame here las t week.They here since 2come/go back, retur n be back c ome/go out -be out1)He came out two years ago.He for 2) We return t o Fuzhou yes terday.We to Fuzhou since .3become be1)I bee ame a teache r in 2000.I at eacherfor .2)The river becam e dirty
10、 last year.The ri ver dirty for .4clos e be close d open be open1)The s hop closed t wo hours ago .The shop for 2)The doo r opened at six in the m orning.The d oor for s ix hours.5ge t up be up die be d eadleave sw. be away f rom sw.fall asleep/get t ot sleep b e asleep fini sh/end 一 be over marry b
11、e married1)I got up t wo hours ago .I since .2)He I eft Fuzhou j ust now.He F uzhou for fi ve minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002 .My grandpa for .4)The meeting f inished at s ix.The meeti ng for six ho urs.5)I got to sleep two hours ago.I since .6)T hey married in 1990.They since 6s tart/begin t o d
12、o sth. 一do sth. begin be on1)I began to tea ch at this s chool in 199 5.I at this sc hool since .2)The fi Im began two minutes ago .The film for .7borrowkeep lose 峙 not have bu y have pu t onwearc atch/get a c old 一 have a cold get to know know1) They borrow ed it last w eek.They it sine e .2)I boug
13、ht a pen two hou rs ago.I a pen f or .3)1 got to kn ow him last year.I him sine e .4)I put on m y glasses th ree years ag o.I my glasses for .8have/has g one to hav e been in1) H e has gone t o Beijing.He Beijing for two day s.9join the league/the P arty/the arm ybe a lea gue/a Party member/a sol di
14、er 一 be a m ember of the league/the Partybe i n the league /the Party/t he army1)He joined the I eague in 200 2.He a fo r two years.He a the for two y ears.He the league for two years.2)My brother j oined the ar my two years ago.My brot her a for My bother in f or two years .3.汉译英1） 这本字典我已买了三年了。2） 他
15、离开中国三年了。3） 我认识他们五年了。4） 他们已去了美国五年了。5） 自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。6） 他们己经结婚10年。7） 我妹妹成为一个大学生己经三年。8） 这会己开丫多长时间丫？9） 这门已经关了两天了。10） 我入团2年了。I tw o years ago.I a for tw oyears.I a of _ for two y ears.I the for twoyea rs.11） 自从1999年以来他们就认识。12） 我来到农场已5年了。4.划线提冋1)1 hav e been there for two day s. you ?2) My fat her has li
16、ve d here since 2000. your father ?3)He left here yesterday. he ?4)They bought a bo ok two hours ago. they a bo ok?have been in, have be en to 与 have gone to 的用法一、have(has) b een in表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时 间的状语连用，如：since, for,how long等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海己经有三天了。此外还有这
17、些搭配：have been here (there ) /at home (school) /on the farmhave be en here (th ere) / abroa d二、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在己经不在那里了。 可与 just,ever, never 等连用，例如:I have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been t o Hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？ hav e(ha
18、s) been to后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing thr ee times.我去过北京三次。They h ave been to that village several tim es.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。三、have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去 某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人 称代词作句子的主语。例如：-Where is Tom?-He has g one to the b ookshop.汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。Ja ck Johnson h as gone to
19、 L ondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习：I.用 have(has)been 或 have(h as) gone 填空。A: Where Li Fei ?B: He to Hainan Is land.A: How long he ther e?B: He th ere for thre e days.A: Wh en will he c ome back, d o you know?B : Im afraid he wont co me back rece ntly.A: Coul d you tell m e the way to Hainan Isla nd?B: Sorry,I
20、never there .A: How many times Li Fe i to that pla ce?B: He t here only on ce.II.用 hav e/has been t o/in, have g one to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1)Where is Jack? He his country.2)David the par k just now.3 ) John England si nee he came back.4)How I ong ha ve thi s village?5)The Smiths Beijin g for years.6) you
21、ever Am erica?- Yes, I there ma ny times.7)I this school since three years ago.8)Where is Jim? He the fa rm.9)When he ?He an hour ago.10)Would you like to the zoo w ith me? -Yes, but I therebefore.11)Wh ere yo u now?I the zoo.12)He often swimmi ng.13) you t here last ye ar?14) they often skatin g in
22、 winter?Ill.翻译下列句子:1.他己经来中国三年多了。2.他们出国两个月了。3.我从来没去过长城。4.你曾经出过国吗？5.他己经去图书馆了。6.他来这儿五年了。7.昨天他去了公园。8.“你要去哪里？” “我要去学校。9.他常常去游泳。综合练习：I.用 never,ever, alrea dy, yet, for, since 填空1. I have seen him b efore, so I have no idea about him.2 . Jack has fini shed his hom ework an hour a go.3. Mr. Wan g has taught
23、 in this sch ool ten years.4 . Have you seen the film?No, I hav e s een it.5.H as the bus I eft ? Yes, it has left.II.翻译下列句子：1.他们已经打扫了教室吗？2.我们己经认识有二十年了。3.打那以后，她一直住在这。4.“你曾经到过那里吗？” “不，我从来没到过那里。”III.用适当的时态填空：l.S hes (live ) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them (be) in Ho ngkong for t en days.3.B
24、o th of them (come) t o Hongkong t en days ago.4.Half an h our (pass) si nee the trai n (leave).5.Mary (lose) her p en. you (see) it her e and there?6. you (f ind) your wa tch yet?7.Are you th irsty? No I just (have )some orang e.8.We air eady (ret urn) the boo k.9. they (build) a new school in t he
25、 village?1 0.1 （no t finish） my homework .Can you help me?II.My f ather （read） the n ovel twice.1 2.1 （buy） a b ook just now .13.I （lost ）my watch ye sterday.14.My father （r ead） this bo ok since yes terday.III.句型转换：1.He ha s already go ne home. He horn e （否定句） h e home ?（疑问句）2.He has I unch at home . He lunchat home.（否定句） he lunch at home?（疑问句）3.He ha s been there twice. he been t here?（划线提问）4.1 have I unch at scho ol. you I u n ch.（划线提问）
