1、词法翻译篇练习词法翻译篇第一章 汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节 翻译中的选义一1. 他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressing1 in the hospital.2. 佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲聪明能干，却也舒服。The life of a tenant farmers family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and abl
2、e woman.3. 豪华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture4. 我那新郎官哪！那个死东西！他就是死也不肯仅洞房。My betrothed! Damn him, he simply refused to come into the bridal chamber!二、量词搭配1. 一窝蜜蜂 a swarm of bees 一窝小鸡 a brood of chickens 一窝幼犬 a litter of pups2. 一群美女 a bevy of beautiful
3、ladies 一群猎狗 a pack of hounds一群鸭 a team of ducks 一群羚羊 a herd of antelopes3. 积极支持 unfailing support 积极的财政政策 proactive fiscal policy积极利用国外资源 make effective use of overseas resources4. 打电话 make a phone call 打的 take a taxi 打毛衣 knit a woolen sweater打水 fetch water 打农药 spray insecticide5. 基本工资 basic wage 基本
4、建设 capital construction 基本物质 essential commodity基本工业 primary industry 基本利益 fundamental interest三、翻译句子（“意见”与“事”）1. 两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.2. 党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。 Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the
5、 general public.3. 他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。 They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. 大家对这一做法很有意见。 Everyone complained against such a practice.5. 他们在会上闹起了意见。 They had a dispute at the meeting.6. 你应该听从医生的意见。 You should follow the doctors advice.7. 他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。 They reached a consensus
6、on this issue.8. 还有些未完成的事要处理。 There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. 我们就这件事请教过他。 We have consulted him about the matter.10. 请回去吧，这里没你的事了。 Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.第二节 翻译中的选词那要看情况如何。 That depends upon circumstances.这种情况必须改变。 This state of affairs must be chan
7、ged.他们的情况怎么样？ How do matters stand with them?严格训练，严格要求。 Go in for rigorous training and set strict demand.开船 set sail 开盘 open quotation 开工 go into operation1. 连续下了三天大雨。 It rained cats and dogs three days on end/ in succession.2. 他爱说大话。 He like talking big/large/horse/tall. He likes saying big words.
8、3. 他们在给教师大扫除。 They are giving the classroom a good (general/spring/thorough) clean.4. 他这样的人大有人在。 A person like him is by no means/ in no way/ on no account rare.5. 根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。 We should go in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.6. 如果你那样干，你大错特错了。 If you do it like that,
9、youll be completely mistaken/ be absolutely wrong/ make a big mistake/ make a major blunder/ commit a very gross error.第三节 翻译中的多样性1. 你两个已是情投意合，竟把你许了他，岂不好？IT sounds as if the two of you are always of one mind. How would it be if we wee to betroth you to him.2. 一面说，一面咬牙切齿的，又说道 Through clenched teeth h
10、e added.3. 他倒不怨我，他临死咬牙切齿，倒恨宝玉呢。She bore me grudge. It was Baoyu who made her grind her teeth with rage just before she died4. 凤姐忙收了怯色，反喝道：“死了罢了，有什么大惊小姑的！” But after her initial fright Xifeng put on a bold face. “If shes dead,” she retorted, “Whats all the fuss about?”成语翻译1. 我说你“得陇望蜀”呢。 The more you
11、get, the more you want.2. 得陇望蜀，人之常情。 Its only natural for man to hanker for more.3. 他们两个鬼鬼祟祟的，不知道在说些什么。 Goodness knows what theyre being so secretive about.4. 这两天她经常往这里跑，鬼鬼祟祟的，不知干些什么事。 Shes been creeping in here the last couple of days in a very sneaky way. Goodness knows what shes up to.5. 谁告诉你们了？你
12、们这样大惊小怪的。 Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing?6. 还是随便一点吧，不必大惊小怪的。 Anything will do; dont fuss.7. 奶奶病着呢，别大惊小怪的 Our grandma is ill; dont kick up such a shindy2.8. 大家听了，说：“我当是谁呢，这样大惊小怪的。没必要吧。” When others heard this they commented, “We thought it was someone who mattered, but this isnt worth
13、making such a fuss about.”第二章 词法翻译得到一般技巧第一节 对等译法一、翻译句子1. 只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。 Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards.2. 再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。 Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. N
14、evertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.3. 寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒地从事运动，这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间。健康的身体是做人做事的真正本钱。 Dear young friends, my advice to you：Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wa
15、sting. Good health is the wherewithal3 for a successful life and career.二、翻译成语浑水摸鱼 fish in troubled waters 称心如意be after ones own heart皮包骨头 skin and bones 一触即发 touch and go一语道破 hit the nail on the head 出人头地 be head and shoulders above others充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to 破釜沉舟 burn ones boat视而不见 turn a blind
16、 eye to 大海捞针 look for a needle in a bundle of hay三、翻译谚语熟能生巧 Practice makes perfect. 欲速则不达 More haste, less speed.出门一里，不如家里。East or west, home is best.拉入篮里就是菜。All is fish that comes to the net.皇天不负有心人。Everything comes to him who waits.小巫见大巫。The moon is not seen when the sun shines三思而后行。Look before yo
17、u leap.无风不起浪。There is no smoke without fire.第二节 增词译法一、注意增补代词请把练习本交上来。 Hand in your exercise-book, please. 我不能用英语表达思想。I cant express myself in English.自由主义观有各种表现。 Liberalism manifests itself in various ways.不要过分劳累。 Dont overwork yourself.我想借此机会向你们表达我们的感谢。I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to
18、express our gratitude to you.二、注意增补动词他们意气风发。They are in high spirits.他们喜形于色。They beamed with joy.他眼明手快。He is quick of eye and deft of hand.这篇文章浅显易懂。 This article is easy to read and understand.我对他敬而远之。 I stood aloof from him.三、从文化角度增补词语凭你有李、杜的文，颜、曾的行，却是也没一个人来问你。You might have the genius of Li Bai or
19、 Du Fu, who was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen both of them were disciples of Confucius, no one would ask your advice.班门弄斧 to show off ones proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter济公劫富济贫 Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and
20、 helped the poor百花齐放 let a hundred flowers bloom, permit the airing of conflicting views黑孩子 black children, who are born in violation of Chinas one-child policy第三节 减词译法一、注意省略原文的范畴词改革开放扭转了经济停滞不前的局面。Reform and opening-up reversed the stagnation of national economy.讨论的范围涉及中美关系。The discussion covered Si
21、no-US relations.1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.会议上，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权的问题。During the talk, their discussion centered around the protection of intellectual properties rights.今年上半年进出口计划的执行情况，也是很好的。Our import-export in the fi
22、rst half of this year has gone very well.二、注意省略原文的重复成分1. 双方认为应把中美关系放在世界范围来看，应着眼于未来，着眼于21世纪。The two sides held that Sino-US relations should be viewed in a global context and from a perspective of the future and the 21st century in particular.2. 出现问题也容易纠正和改正。When problems emerge, they can be easily p
23、ut right.3. 增强自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法制意识而后开拓创新意识。Increase the awareness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.4. 沉默啊！沉默！不知沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.5. 生产力是
24、最活跃、最革命的因素，是社会发展的最终决定力量。Productive forces are the most dynamic and the most revolutionary factors as well as the ultimate decisive force of social development.6. 中国共产党必须始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人们的根本利益。Out party must always represent the development trend of Chinas advanced productive f
25、orces; the orientation of Chinas advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in China.三、注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的词语1. 我们需要从其他国家进口先进工艺设备。We need to import advanced industrial equipment.2. 那是骗人的幌子。That is a faade.3. 艰苦奋斗的精神要贯彻始终。We must adhere to the principle of plain
26、living and hard struggle.4. 我们要大力发扬求真务实，勇于创新的精神。We must carry forward and promote the spirit of practicality, truth-seeking and courage in innovation.5. 这就彻底打破了他华而不实的梦想。This shattered his illusion.6. 我们强烈要求美国政府就这次事件向中国郑重道歉。We demand that US government apologize to China for this incident.7. 鼓励国内外投资者
27、到中西部投资。Encourage both Chinese and overseas investments in the central and western regions.第四节 合并译法一、合并译法，翻译下列四字成语或词组花言巧语 fine words 油嘴滑舌 glib tongue 精疲力竭 exhausted 吞吞吐吐 stumbling 调兵遣将 move forces 破釜沉舟 burn ones boat二、句子翻译1. 我穿上我那身破烂衣服，钻到那空甜桶里去呆着，这才发掘自己自由自在，心满意足。I got into my old rags and my sugar-ho
28、gshead大桶 again, and was free and satisfied.2. 这五场演出时场场爆满，座无虚席，许多观众只好立足观赏。Each of the five performances enjoyed a full house, with many spectators having to stand.3. 他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。He is determined to turn over a new leaf.4. 海峡两岸的中国人民都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of th
29、e same flesh and blood.5. 全体成员精诚合作，上下一心。All the staff unite in absolute sincerity.6. 你来之前，我无所事事，只是游手好闲，逢场作戏。Before you came, I did nothing but idle and drift into anything that offered itself.7. 他想远走高飞，免得心烦。He sought the distraction of distance.第五节 转性译法1. 代表们一致表示反对核武器。The delegates unanimously expre
30、ssed their determination to oppose the nuclear weapons.2. 他的新书十分成功。His new book is a great success.3. 她的声音响彻整个屋子。Her voice rings through the house.4. 这里人烟稠密。 The area is densely populated.5. 她不得已当了导游。 She acted as a reluctant tourist guide.6. 氧是物质世界的重要元素之一，它的化学反应很强。Oxygen is one of the important ele
31、ments in the physical world; it is very active chemically.7. 这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.8. 这咖啡有点巧克力的味道。This coffee tastes of chocolate.9. 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.10. 如果旅馆都满客了，我们可以给你提供住处。We can house you if the hotels are full.第六节 换形译法1. 实现了千百年来围湖造田、与湖争地到大规模退田还湖的历史性转变。This represented a great shift from the centuries-long history of reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale.2. 这是我厂的关键车间，设备还是比较齐全的。这些机械设备的上方，
