1、英语论文对提高英语电视新闻的影响broadcastfrom新闻写作和新闻简报的观点On Enhancing the Effect of English TV News BroadcastFrom the Perspectives of News Writing and News Presentation ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFor this thesis, I am indebted to many people. Id like to avail myself of this opportunity to convey my deepest gratitude to all th
2、ose who have offered me great help in the composition of this thesis.First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Professor Xu Yaqin, my supervisor, who has unceasingly rendered me help during the two and half academic years. It was her continuous encouragement and expert sugge
3、stions that have assisted me in writing, revising and completing this thesis. My thanks also go to all the teachers who have taught me and supported me during my study at the Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade. I should also mention here my good friend Chen Lei, the English news editor of Ningbo TV
4、 News. During my thesis writing, she offered me substantial materials and valuable suggestions.Last but not least, I would like to thank my family for their support to and concern for me during all these years, especially during my preparation for this thesis. AbstractAs one of the most popular mass
5、 media, television has long been the major channel for people to receive news. Ever since its appearance, it has played an irreplaceable role in news conveying. Different from other news media, television news has many distinctive features from the perspectives of news writing and news presentation.
6、 The one-year experience of English TV news announcing in Ningbo TV station not only enables the author to familiarize herself with the different procedures of news making, but also arouses a profound interest in her in the study of TV news writing and presenting. Based on her own experience, the au
7、thor intends to explore ways to better enhance the effect of TV news broadcast from the perspectives of news writing and presentation. This thesis is divided into three parts. Part One is a preface, Part Two consists of four chapters and Part Three is the conclusion.The preface serves as an introduc
8、tion to the whole thesis.Chapter One introduces the background knowledge concerning TV news; it presents the development and the main categories of television news.Chapter Two describes the four main procedures of TV news making: news collecting, camera shooting, news writing and news presentation.C
9、hapter Three analyzes the unique features of English TV news writing. It begins with the structural features and ends with the lexical and grammatical features of English TV news.Chapter Four focuses on English TV news presentation. It first introduces the announcers functions and qualities, and the
10、n goes on to explore the skills applied in the performance of news presentation based on the authors own experience.The conclusion sheds light again on the main points of the previous chapters. 中文摘要电视作为最受欢迎的大众传媒之一，早已成为人们获取新闻的主要渠道之一。自其面世以来，电视就在新闻传播上发挥着不可替代的作用。与其它新闻媒介不同，电视英语新闻在新闻写作及播报等方面都有着自身的鲜明特色。本文作
11、者因曾在宁波电视台新闻综合频道担任“英语新闻”主播长达一年之久，对英语新闻制作过程比较熟悉，并对电视英语新闻写作及播音甚感兴趣，因而以此为题尝试探讨其特点，并希望能结合自身的亲身实践，就如何提高英语新闻的播出效果提出自己的看法与建议。本文共分三个部分。第一部分是序言部分，第二部分共有四章，第三部分是文章的结论部分。文章序言部分是全文的一个导论。第二部分第一章主要介绍有关电视英语新闻的背景知识；回顾了其发展史并介绍了电视新闻的主要节目类别。第二章描述了电视英语新闻的四个主要制作过程：新闻采集、图像采集、新闻写作和新闻播报。第三章从电视英语新闻的结构特点入手，继而阐述其词汇特征和语法特征，着重分析
12、了电视英语新闻的写作特点。第四章重点阐述了电视英语新闻的播报环节。作者从播音员的社会功能和应具备素质谈起，结合自身实践剖析了播报过程中的技能技巧。本文的结论对文章前几个部分的主要内容作了回顾。CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IAbstract II中文摘要 IIIPART ONEPreface 1PART TWOChapter 1: Introduction 31.1 An introduction to news 31.1.1 The definition of news 31.1.2 Different categories of news 31.2 An introdu
13、ction to TV news 41.2.1 The appearance of television 41.2.2 The development of TV news 51.2.3 The categories of TV news 7Chapter 2: Main procedures of TV news making 102.1 News collecting 102.2 News Camera shooting 122.3 News writing 132.4 News presentation 142.4.1 A read-through of the script 142.4
14、.2 Interpretation of the script 15Chapter 3: TV news writing 163.1 The overall structure 163.1.1 Lead 163.1.2 Body 243.1.3 Ending 273.1.4 Teasers and lead-ins 283.1.5 Headlines, recaps and conclusions 293.2 Distinctive lexical and grammatical features 313.2.1 The lexical features 323.2.2 The grammat
15、ical features 38Chapter 4: News presentation 504.1 The functions & qualities 504.2 The performance 514.2.1 Pace 524.2.2 Pause 524.2.3 Prompter 534.2.4 Volume & microphone 544.2.5 Pitch 554.2.6 Vitality & enthusiasm 55PART THREEConclusion 57Bibliography 59Part OnePrefaceSmall wonder that the broadcas
16、t media have become one of the most powerful forces in the world today for affecting the minds, emotions, and even the actions of humankind. According to an NBC News poll, broadcasting (radio and television) tops the list of the most important inventions in the 20th century. Being the dominant mediu
17、m of the second half of the 20th century, television serves as the center of a multifaceted media industry. Ever since its invention in the late 1940s, television has quickly taken over radio and newspaper in news transmission. Television news programs are contributing importantly to public knowledg
18、e and they offer viewers instant access to the current events both home and abroad. The technology of television, adding pictures to sound bites, verily transformed peoples pattern for receiving news. Unlike newspaper stories which are written for the eye, TV news is written for the ear as well as f
19、or the eye. It has to match perfectly the pictures shot by the cameraman. TV news thus bears many distinctive structural, lexical and grammatical features of its own.Whats more, the presentation of TV news deserves great attention. The announcer, who is to present the news to the viewers, functions
20、just like a bridge linking the reporter and the viewer together. He or she should have the reporters story faithfully reflected in the viewers mind through the most pervasive and readily understood form of presentation.Concerning the process of news making, there are mainly four procedures involved:
21、 news collecting, camera shooting, news writing and news presentation. Having got the experience of English news announcing in a local TV station, the author familiarizes herself more with the writing and presentation of English TV news and would then shed more light on enhancing the effect of these
22、 two procedures in the thesis.In terms of the methodology, mainly three approaches are employed in this thesis. The qualitative and interpretive approach is the one widely used with illustrative examples or source of data. The analysis of the skills adopted in news writing and presentation based on
23、the authors experience is another approach. Meanwhile the author quotes some of the research findings achieved by the previous experts in this field. Part TwoChapter 1: Introduction1.1 An introduction to news1.1.1 The definition of newsAs TV news is a subcategory of news, it is of great importance f
24、or the author to present to the readers the definition of news above all. According to Oxford Advanced Learners EnglishChinese Dictionary, news is defined as “New or fresh information or report(s) of recent events.”(Hornby A S, 1989: 989) However, in the eyes of journalists and reporters, news can b
25、e defined in many other ways. It could be “the first rough draft of history”, “the reports of what is happening and what has happened”, ”the immediate, the important, the things that have impact on our lives”, or “anything that makes a reader say, Gee Whiz! “. (Boyd, A., 2001:18) Among all the given
26、 definitions, the author agrees more with M. Lyle Spencers point of view. In his eyes, “News is any event, idea or opinion that is timely, that interests or affects a large number of people in a community, and that is capable of being understood by them”. (Hohenberg, 1969)1.1.2 Different categories
27、of newsNews has many categories. According to different criteria, there are different ways to classify news. As per different media vehicles, there are newspaper coverage, magazine coverage, radio news, TV news, cable news, dispatches and newly popular cyber news. As per different places where news
28、happened, there are world news, home news or national news, and local news.As per the contents of the coverage, there are ten major categories: political news, economic news, technological news, cultural news, sports news, violence and crime news, disaster news, weather news, obituaries, entertainme
29、nt and miscellanies. As per the nature of news, traditionally news is divided into two broad categories hard news and soft news. Hard news is new and important information about events of significance. Soft news and human-interest items are stories run for their entertainment value first and their i
30、nformation second.Although so many different criteria join the classification of news, news must be represented in a certain genre by the reporter. There are three commonly seen genres: news, features and commentaries, and columns. 1.2 An introduction to TV news1.2.1 The appearance of televisionIn t
31、he June 1907 issue of Scientific American, the word “television” first appeared. Before then, experiments in image transmission had been called “visual wireless”, “visual radio” and “electric vision”. The first major technological discovery to suggest that pictures could also travel was the “Nipkow Disk”. 24-year-old Paul Nipkow patented his “electrical telescope” in Germany in 1884. This disk formed the basis for televisions development through the 1920s. In the 1920s and 1930s, television developed technologically in a series of steps. In 1922, 21-year-old Philo Farnsworth, allegedly by
