1、。内部文件，版权追溯内部文件，版权追溯内部文件，版权追溯Module 2 Traffic Jam Section Other Parts of the Module原文呈现The London Congestion ChargeBeijing isnt the only city with traffic problems. You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world. The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast， such as Sao Paolo i
2、n Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria. But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer. Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind， and is famous for its sixlane highways, is now the USAs most congested city.In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, and city
3、 centre traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time. The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues， became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it. In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a
4、 “congestion charge”a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.读文清障charge n费用free of charge免费get/be stuck in被困在occur vi.发生，出现it occurs to sb. (that) .某人想到which引导定语从句，修饰cities。such as例如(表示列举)developed countries发达国家suffer vi.遭受 suffer from遭受之苦which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Los Angeles。从句中含有with复合结构，in mind表示“考
5、虑在内”。be famous for因而闻名congested adj.拥挤的；堵塞的part of 的一部分where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词central London，且在从句中作地点状语。so .that .如此以至于congestion/kndestn/n.拥塞；堆积现在分词短语作定语，修饰cars。伦敦的交通拥堵费第12段译文北京不是唯一有交通阻塞问题的城市。在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵车。发展快的城市问题最严重，如巴西的圣保罗和尼日利亚的拉各斯。但甚至在一些像美国这样的发达国家的城市里也有这样的问题。洛杉矶，一座在建设时就考虑了机动车辆并以其六车道公路闻名的城市，现在却是
6、美国交通最拥挤的城市。大多数欧洲的首都城市在小汽车大量涌现之前就已规划建设好了，因此市中心的堵车长久以来成为人们日常生活的一部分。伦敦市中心的交通状况变得如此糟糕，司机们要用50%的时间来排队，于是当地政府决定就此采取一些措施。2003年2月，伦敦市长肯利文斯通宣布进入市中心的车要交“交通拥堵费”。The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay 5 a day. Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before
7、10 pm. As the cars come into the centre， video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day. People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of 80.Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. They agree that London has
8、 a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom .现在分词短语作定语，修饰every car。pay points在此处指“收费点”。as引导时间状语从句。registration/redIstreIn/n.执照；登记a list of 的清单who引导定语从句，修饰drivers。face v面对，面临be faced with面对a fine of 的罚款be not happy with对感到不高兴/不幸福agree v同意，意见一致agree后可接介词to, wit
9、h, on或that从句，也可直接跟不定式作宾语。第34段译文想法很简单：每辆进入市中心的车一天要交5英镑的费用。司机们可以在晚上10点之前在首都的10 000个收费点中的任何一个上缴该费用。进入市区的小汽车都会被摄像机拍下车牌号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。不缴费者将会面临80英镑的罚款。大多数伦敦人对此都不开心。他们认为伦敦存在交通问题，但是“交通拥堵费”太高，而且限制了他们的自由But does the congestion charge work？ A surveycarried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does. After only s
10、ix months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent. More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular. Whats more， central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.But ther
11、e are a few people who think the charge should be much higher， for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it. This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty. However, there are no plans to increase the charge.work v发挥作用，有
12、效果survey n调查carry out/do/perform a survey 进行一项调查过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a survey。suggest此处指“暗示，表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句不用虚拟语气。does在此处是替代词，代替上文中出现的works。be reduced by被降低了，被减少了，by表示程度，后接数字、百分数等。be reduced to被减少到time n次数use .to do用做 be used to do被用来做whats more此外，另外 相当于in addition。even though/if“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。who引导定语从句，修
13、饰a few people。who引导定语从句，修饰rich businessmen。afford v负担得起，买得起 afford to do做某事负担得起keep .out of .使不进入increase v增加，提高increase by增加了increase to增加到第56段译文但是“交通拥堵费”发挥作用了吗？2003年年底进行的一项调查结果显示效果很不错。仅仅只是6个月之后，进入伦敦市中心的车减少了约30%，旅程的次数减少了15%。更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行车突然间流行起来。更值得一提的是，虽然车少了，但伦敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。但是，有些人认为收费应该更高，(因为
14、)像那些在市中心工作的富有的商务人士能轻松支付此项费用。这(收费更高)会避免更多的车辆进入伦敦市中心，道路也几乎会是空的。但是，伦敦还没有提高该费用的计划。Step 1True (T) or False (F)1Beijing is the only city with traffic problems._F_2Cities in developed countries dont suffer the traffic problems._F_3In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congest
15、ion charge”_T_4The congestion charge doesnt work._F_5There are some plans to increase the charge._F_Step 2Choose the best answers according to the passage.1Whats a congestion charge?AA tax for cars entering the centre of the city.BA tax for taxis only.CA fine for those who dont obey the traffic rule
16、s.DA tax which is very expensive.2If people do not pay the charge, they will _.Abe unhappyBbe fined for 5 a dayChave no freedom Dbe fined for 803Does the congestion charge work in London?ANo.BYes. But most Londoners are not happy with it.CIts hard to say.DNot mentioned in the text.4We can infer from
17、 the text that _.Acities in developed countries suffer less traffic problemsBLondon was planned and built before carsCdrivers can pay the charge at any timeDthe congestion charge will be reduced soon答案：14ADBB一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1roadworkn(常作复数)道路施工2blowvt. 吹响(乐器、号角等)3hornn. 喇叭；号角.拓展词汇1reactvi.反应
18、reaction n反应2solutionn解答；答案solve v解决3moodn心情；心境moody adj.情绪多变的4congestionn拥塞；堆积congested adj.交通拥挤的，车辆阻塞的5registrationn执照；登记register v登记，注册；n.登记薄，花名册1.blow v吹响(乐器、号角等)；吹；刮；炸坏，爆炸图片记忆2react vi.起反应；对做出反应；回应同义respond3solution n解答；答案同义answerkey词块a solution to 的解答4mood n心情；心境词块be in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好二
19、、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)2keep cool 保持冷静3no way 肯定不；没门儿4turn on 打开5in a good mood 心情好6be famous for 因而闻名7as a result 结果，因而8at the end of 在末9be reduced by/to 被减少了/到10whats more 另外，而且11keep .out of 使不进入12a list of的清单1.prefer .to .喜欢胜过2traffic jam 交通阻塞3developed/developing countri
20、es 发达/发展中国家4follow/break the rule 遵守/违反规则5congestion charge 交通拥堵费6part of daily life 日常生活的一部分7in queues 排队8pay points 收费点9drive sb. mad 逼疯某人10public transport 公共交通(工具)11limit ones freedom 限制某人的自由12carry out/perform a survey 进行一项调查三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Its a good idea to have your destination written in
21、Chinese.把你的目的地用中文写出来是个好主意。have sth. done表示“让某事被别人去做”。Before driving into the city, you are required to have_your_car_washed.在开车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。2.Speaker 4 prefers public transport to cars.第四个发言者喜欢公共交通工具胜过汽车。prefer .to .意为“喜欢胜过”。I prefer milk to coffee.我喜欢牛奶胜过咖啡。3.Why not use public transport?为什么不用公共交
22、通工具呢？“Why not动词原形”意为“为什么不？”If you want to sell your house, why_not_put_an_advertisement in a newspaper?如果你想卖掉你的房子，为什么不在报纸上登个广告呢？4.Leave the motor on.让发动机开着。“leave宾语宾语补足语”结构，表示“让处于某种状态”。Its wrong of you to leave_the_machine_running day and night.你让机器日夜一直开着是不对的。1(教材P17)Switch off the motor.关上发动机。switc
23、h v转换；转变；改变switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)switch on turn on 把开关打开，接通switch over 换频道；转变switch .to . 变换/转移到When not in a room, youd better switch offall the lights and the fan.当你不在室内时，最好关掉所有的灯和那台电扇。He was tired of teaching and as a result, switched_to writing novels.他厌倦了教学，结果改行写小说了。I dont like to watch th
24、is.Theres a better programme than this on CCTV 6.Please switch over.我不喜欢看这个。中央六台有比这更好看的节目，换频道吧。Switch on the recorder, please. I want to listen to some songs.请打开录音机，我想听几首歌。2(教材P17)Keep cool.保持冷静。keep cool保持冷静；保持凉爽keep calm保持镇静keep quiet 保持安静keep silent 保持沉默keep still 保持不动keep fit/healthy 保持健康Whateve
25、r happens, the first important thing is to keep cool.不管发生什么事，最重要的是保持冷静。You should keep_calm even in face of danger.即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。I dont know if I should speak to him or keep_silent.我不知道我是应该同他说话还是保持沉默。You should do more exercises and watch less TV in order to keep_healthy/fit.为了保持健康你需要多锻炼，少看电视。3(教材
26、P17)Reactwhen others drive badly. 当别人开车开得不好时做出反应。react vi.反应；回应；起反应(1)react to .对作出反应react with . 与起(化学)反应react against . 反抗，反对react on/upon . 对起作用(2)reaction n. 反应；回应in reaction to 对作出反应I shouted at her, but she didnt react at all.我向她大声喊叫，但她毫无反应。I dont know how Mrs. Brown will react to when she hea
27、rs the news that her son has won the first place in the competition.我不知道当布朗夫人听到她儿子在比赛中获得第一名的消息时有何反应。The chemistry teacher shows us how iron reacts_with air and water.化学老师向我们展示铁是如何与空气、水起反应的。The government soon reacted against all the illegal strikes.政府很快做出回应反对所有这些不合法的罢工。A spokesman said the changes w
28、ere not in reaction to the companys recent losses.一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。4(教材P18)Theres a simple solutionto these problems.对这些问题有一种简单的解决方法。solution n解答；答案a solution to .的解决方法solve v. 解决She can find no solution to her financial troubles.她无法克服她的经济困难。It took an hour to find the solution to the di
29、fficult problem.解决这个难题花了一个小时。The little boy helped his father to solve the mystery.小男孩帮他父亲解开了谜团。名师点津常见的与介词to连用的名词有：the key to 的答案/钥匙the answer to 的答案the entrance to 的入口the attitude to 的态度the approach to 的方法5(教材P18)Motorists could take a bus into the city centre and arrive at work or the shops relaxed and in a good mood.驾车者可以乘坐公共汽车进入市中心以一种好的精神状态上班或休闲购物。mood n心情；情绪be in a good/happy mood心情愉悦be in a bad mood 情绪低落be/feel in the/no mood for sth./to do sth.(没)有心情做某事The news had put her in a bad mood.这消息让她
