1、2011职称英语阅读理解新增文章卫生类The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung
2、cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate.An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for
3、 lung cancer, said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,433 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed ca
4、ncer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report.However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unv
5、entilated kitchens and about 25 percent of womens bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.Unless my family and I dont eat at home every day, I must stay in the ki
6、tchen to cook, said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.Doctors said womens lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, butwas closely
7、related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with He.3Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men, said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan Universitys Medical College. Its true th
8、at second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women. Hes research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6 experts said
9、.练习：1. What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males.D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially
10、females.2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?A Heart disease. B Breast cancer.C Infectious diseases. D Lung cancer.3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term. Close contact with cooking oil fumes?A Irrit
11、ated eyes and throat. B Severe pain in both lungs.C Continuous cough and headache. D Difficulty in breathing.4. What was the local womens reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?A Happy. B Surprised.C Angry. D Careless.5. Which of the following has relatively little co
12、nnection with womens lung cancer?A Family cancer history. B Unhealthy dietary habits.C Weak immune systems. D Personal health and physical condition.第三篇 厨房油烟可致癌医学专家们经过5年的研究调研后指出，城市人群中，男性患肺癌的首要原因是吸烟，而女性患此绝症的罪魁祸首是厨房油烟。医生们昨天宣布这一结果，并对肺癌患病的一些新趋势做出分析。他们认为病人越来越年轻化，尤其是女性。据上海肿瘤研究所统计显示，本市死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。肺癌成
13、为继乳腺癌之后的第二大高发病率肿瘤。上海民生中医肿瘤诊疗中心何裕民医生指出：“不健康的生活习惯是致癌的一个重要原因。” 他对2,276名肺癌患者进行了长达5年的追踪调研。这些患者中有1,483名师男性。报告显示，案例中男性患者中70%是由吸烟诱发癌症的，而直邮18%的女性患者是由于吸烟或被迫吸入二手烟才诱发癌症的。然而， 60%以上患肺癌的女性都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受。大约32%的女性在滚开的油里煎炸食物而厨房却密不透风。而大约25%的女性居住的卧室紧邻厨房。但是，妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶。其中一些人表示要改变准备饮食的方式。“我每天都得下厨做饭，除非我和家人都不
14、在家用餐”，李旭，一名45岁的妇女说，“我知道油烟对皮肤不好，但是还是第一次听说油烟竟能致癌、我以后要少煎炸食物。”医生们认为，女性患肺癌和个人健康及身体状况联系极少，但和肿瘤家族病史、不健康的饮食习惯和脆弱的免疫系统联系紧密。其它专家同意何医生的意见。“吸烟已经成为诱发男性肺癌最最大的因素，”上海复旦大学医学院呼吸道疾病研究所名誉主席谭彬用指出，“二手烟和厨房油烟的确是诱发女性肺癌的主要原因。”他的研究同时也警告人们不要站在卖油炸食品的摊点旁，因为他们使用的油都是劣质的。专家称，如果长时间接受油烟，患肺癌的几率有常人的3倍那么高。*第十八篇 Exercise Can Replace Insu
15、lin for Elderly DiabeticsMost older people with so-called type II diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.Results from tests
16、conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the bodys ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent, the newspaper reported.This is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medicat
17、ion today, it said.Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II, all more than60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects muscles could utilise as a measure for ho
18、w well their insulin worked.2Associate Professor3 Dr. Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilization as the healthy non- exercising persons.This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Phys
19、ical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, 4 but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off5 the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment, Dela was quoted as saying.6Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas
20、, controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off8 after five days without sufficient exercise.Most diabe
21、tics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of9 the importance of exercise, Dela added.练习：1. How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?A By taking more salt than usual.B By taking less salt than usual.C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least
22、three times a week.D By going climbing, swimming or boxing every day.2. Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin byA 70 per cent. B 30 per cent.C 60 per cent. D only a few per cent.3. The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital includedA
23、elderly non-diabetic men. B elderly type diabetic mereC both sexes of all ages. D both A and B.4. To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect?A To the degree where they begin to sweat.B To the degree where they feel, exhausted.C To the point when they reel thir
24、sty.D To the point when they have to take insulin.5. According to Deta, among most diabetics the importance of exercise is _ the importanceof watching their diet.A as poorly understood as B as well understood asC less understood than D better understood than第十八篇 老年糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼可以取代胰岛素治疗哥本哈根的贝林时报周一刊登了一
25、则最新医疗研究结果称，大多数II型老年糖尿病患者只要每周坚持三次轻快的体育锻炼，每次30分钟，都可以不用注射胰岛素。报道称，哥本哈根市中心医院Rigshopspitalet肌肉研究中心对糖尿病人进行测试，结果显示体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。据说，这一结果和大多数老年糖尿病患者每天接受胰岛素治疗的疗效相同。研究人员挑选了一组非糖尿病患者，一组II型糖尿病患者，都是60岁以上的男性。这些被试者每周骑自行车锻炼六次，并持续了三个月。三个月后，医生测量出被试者肌肉能够利用的血糖总量，以此作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。肌肉研究中心副教授弗莱明德拉医生称，实验结果显示，进行体育锻
26、炼的糖尿病患者胰岛素利用率和那些没有锻炼的健康人胰岛素利用率一样高。“这就意味着，两组被试者的胰岛素都是正常工作的。体育锻炼不能治好患者的糖尿病，但是能最大限度地消除患者症状。另外，即使患者不得不接受胰岛素治疗，体育锻炼也能尽量推迟这一临界点，甚至有可能完全避免实施胰岛素治疗。”德拉医生的话像格言一样被人们所引用。胰岛素是胰腺分泌的一种激素，可以控制体内血糖，预防糖尿病。德拉解释说，糖尿病患者只需锻炼到出汗的程度皆可达到理想的效果。同时他还强调，这种锻炼必须坚持，如果五天没有进行有效锻炼，效果就会消失。德拉还补充说，大多数糖尿病患者意识到他们必须控制饮食，却忽略了体育锻炼的重要性。*第二十四篇
27、 Preventing Child MaltreatmentChild maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex a
28、nd difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 510% of men report being Sexually abused as children, while25-50% of all children report being physically abuse
29、d. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child
30、 maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls, burns and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development
31、 of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted inf
32、ections.4Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalizeation, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to e
