1、高考复习之名词性从句【Every man is the master of his own fortune!】2014名词性从句个性化学科优化学案重难点讲解1.分析加记忆Its useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. As we all know, good learning habits can make your study go to succeed. As a student, we should pay more attentions to our habits which we develop in our study.Im
2、 sure “repeat” is a best habit. Do you develop the habit? If we want to improve our study, we should repeat what the teachers taught us again and again, and then we can understand or remember the knowledge which the teachers demand us to master. How to develop the habit? the first step, set a timeta
3、ble, and stick to carry out the plan, dont stop.When I do my homework, I often make mistakes with carelessness, how to overcome the shortage? I think I should think about it over and over as long as I do my homework. And then I do it little by little. Maybe in this way I can correct my mistakes.2.判断
4、下面的句子是什么名词性从句1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over
5、the whole school.6. That is where Lu Xun used to live.7. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.8. I wonder why she refused my invitation.3.什么是名词性从句？ 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。4.引导名词性从句的关联词 Athat 连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子
6、成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。 I hear (that) he has joined the football club. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。 That light travels in straight line is known to all. 众所周知，光是以直线传播的。 It so happens that I know the man. 碰巧我认识那个。 Is it certain that they will win 他们一定会赢吗 Bwhether和if 连词whether和if本身有意义（解释是否），在从句中不可省略。 1whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而
7、if只能引导宾语从句。 I didnt know whether he would attend the concert. 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。 The question is whether it s worth trying. 问题是值不值得试一试。 Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。 2whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能。 I
8、t all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不用if) Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. 瑞恩担心是否伤害了她的感情。 3if既可引导语从句，也可引导宾语从句。如果用if会引起歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether。 Please let me know if you want to join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（if引导的从句可被看成是宾语从句，if表示是否） Please let me know if you
9、want to join us. 如果你想加入我们的话，请告诉我一声。（if引导的从句可被看成是条件状语从句，if表示如果） Please let me know whether you want t join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（为避免引起歧义，可用whether表示是否） Cwho, whom, whose, what, which 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。 No one knows who he was waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁。 We are
10、worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。 Tell me whose house it is. 告诉我这是谁的家。 Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。 Dwhere, when, how, why 连接副词where, when, how, why等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。 I dont know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。 She always thi
11、nks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。 Ewhoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever 连接代词whoever = anyone who任何人, 无论谁；whatever =anything that凡是.，无论什么；whichever = anything that无论那一个, 任何一个；whomever = anyone whom （w
12、hoever的宾格形式）。 Whoever comes to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。 They ate whatever they could find o the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。 You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。 Ill take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。 Who
13、sever book is overdue will be fined. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。 比较： 连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语。 You may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人。（此句中不能使用whomever，因为whoever在宾语从句中作wants it的主语） You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。（whomever在宾语从句中作you like的宾语）5.主语从句主语从句是在复合
14、句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。Who will go is not important.It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who
15、/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a
16、fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说3. what
17、与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation6.表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。 Aas, as if/though引导的表语从句 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 It sounds as if someone is knocking
18、 at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 Bbecause, why引导的表语从句 I think it is because you are talking too much. 我想这是因为你话说得太多。 Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。（Thats because 强调原因） Thats why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。（Thas why 强调结果） 注意 what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，一般不宜用bec
19、ause。 The reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me. 我难过的原因是他没有理解我。 What cost him his life was that he was too careless. 使他丧命的原因是他太粗心了。7.宾语从句 在复合句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 A. 作动词宾语 He told us（that）he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。 Do you know whose dictionary it is 你知道这是谁的字典？ 注意： doubt（怀疑）的肯定句接if/whe
20、ther引导的宾语从句，但否定句和疑问句接that引导的宾语从句。 I doubt whether if he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I do not doubt that he can recite the poem. 我相信他能把这首诗背下来。 Do you doubt that he will win 你不相信会获胜吗 B作介词的宾语 He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。 Your success will largely depend upon what
21、you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。 注意： that引导的宾语从句只用在少数介词后，如：except, in, but等。此时，that不能省略。 I know little about him except that he lives downstairs. 我对他知之甚少，只知道他住在楼下。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在阅读上。 C. 用it作形式宾语的情况 1和
22、it作形式主语一样，我们常用it来作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句末，这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。 We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。 He has made it clear that he will not give n. 他已表明他不会屈服。 2由于that引导的宾语从句一般不可以直接作介词的宾语，因此当介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须使用it作形式宾语。 You may depend on it that I shall always support
23、 you. 你可以放心我会永远支持你的。 Ill see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 我保证你的问题会立即得到处理的。 3在take, hide, see to, insist on, depend on等动词以及一些表示爱好的动词（enjoy, hate, like, love, dont mind, resent 等）之后，形式宾语it可直接跟宾语从句。 I take it that hes not interested in the book. 我猜想他对这本书不感兴趣。 She hid it that
24、she was married. 她隐瞒了她已婚的事实。 I dont like it when you look at me like that! 我不喜欢那样看我。 D宾语从句的语序 和其他词性从句一样，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 How can I get to the station Can you tell me Can you tell me how I can get to the station 你能告诉我怎样去车站吗？ What does he like I wonder I wonder what he likes. 我想知道他喜欢什么。 F宾语从句中的时态
25、 1在一般情况下，宾语从句中时态要和主句相一致，尤其是主句为过去时态时。 He said that he had lived in Beijing since liberation. 他说自解放以来他一直住在北京。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English. 他明确地说他更喜欢学英语。 2客观真理和自然规律的内容在宾语从句中时态保持不变。 Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun. 迈克问地球是否绕着太阳转。 Columbus proved that the ea
26、rth is round. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。 G关于that的省略 一般情况下，宾语从句中的that是可以省略的。但在下列几种情况下，that一般不可省略。 1介词后面的that不能省。 Pater is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.彼得是好学生，只是有时粗心。 2并列连词and连接两个或两个以上宾语从句，and前面的that可以省略， and的后面的that不能省略。 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 大家都会看出所发
27、生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month. 我叔叔说他在这儿工作已二十年了，下个月即将退休。 3that引导的宾语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。 That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 I使用虚拟语气的宾语从句 1在suggest insist, order, demand, request, requir
28、e, command, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、要求、欲望动词后面的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，即should +动词原形，should常被省略。 He suggested that we should have a further discussion about the final decision. 他建议我们对最后的决定作进一步讨论。 She insisted that they should sow her their passports. 她坚决要求他们向她出示护照。 2在wish后面的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或难以实现的愿望。 How I wi
29、sh I had learned more! 我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！ He wishes he would have another chance to go abroad. 他希望能再有一次出国的机会。 8.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether 以及连接代词和连接副词引导。 A同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise,
30、 statement, problem, rule等的面。 They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来？ I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否来。 We havent yet settled the question where we are going t spend our summer vac
31、ation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 There is no doubt that we will win. 毫无疑问我们会赢的。 【2013北京】31. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which【2013北京】33. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. why B. where C. that D. what【2013湖南】28. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how B. that C. whi
