1、 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。An
2、yone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。 whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。 Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前
3、教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。 The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，
4、你知道吗？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。） （二）关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。 I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。（which可以换成that） Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。 （三）关系代词that的
5、用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。 Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that可以换成who） Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge? 放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了？（that可以换成which） Is this the book that you want to buy? 这是你要买的那本书吗？ （that可以换成which，在定语从句作宾语，还可以省略） 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 常用的关系副词只有三个：wh
6、en, where, why，在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。它们的用法大家不妨记住一个口诀：the time when the place where the reason why （一）关系副词when的用法 关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间，when在定语从句作时间状语。 In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often. 北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。（when先行词是months） Do you remember the day when we first went to the Su
7、mmer Palace? 你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗？（when先行词是day， 当代英语里when可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词） I havent seen her since the year when I left Tokyo. 自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。（when先行词是year，同样when可以用that代替） （二）关系副词where的用法 关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点，where在定语从句作地点状语。 During the Spring Festival I went back to the town
8、where I was brought up. 春节期间，我回到了生我养我的家乡。（where的先行词是town） This is the place where Li Bai once lived. 这是李白曾经生活过的地方。（where先行词是place） 上面这个句子不可以将where改为that，因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。试比较下句： This is the place that Li Bai once visited. 这是李白曾经游览过的地方。（that的先行词同样是place，但这个that是关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，还可以用which替换） （三）关
9、系副词why的用法 关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因，why在定语从句作原因状语。 The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email. 我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。（why先行词是reason， 当代英语里why可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词，还可以将why省略） This is the reason why he came late to school. 这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。（why先行词是reason，why可以用
10、that替代，还可以省略） 注意：如果上面的句子将the reason省略，那么这个句子就变成了（This is why he came late to school. ）表语从句，句子意思丝毫未变。 四、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句 as是个比较特殊的关系代词，一是用在某些句型搭配里，二是独立于主句之外。下面分别讲解。 （一）在固定搭配asas, soas, suchas, the sameas中，as引导定语从句 You may take as many books as you want. 你想要拿多少书就拿多少。（第一个as是副词，修饰many的；第二个as才是关系代词，代替先行词b
11、ooks，在定语从句中作宾语） I have got such a computer as yours. 我有一台你这样的电脑。（as是关系代词，代替先行词computer，在定语从句中作表语，因为yours后省略了is ） I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin. 我从未见过像桂林那样美丽的地方。（as是关系代词，代替先行词place，在定语从句中作表语，因为Guilin后省略了is ） （二）独立于主句之外，as引导定语从句 As we know, the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球围
12、绕太阳旋转。 As is known to us, （As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句，as分别作宾语和主语，替代后面的主句。 Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China. 你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。（关系代词as指代整个主句，在定语从句中作宾语。 五、关系代词who, which与that的区别 （一）关系代词who与that的区别 1. 当关系代词用作主语时，多用主格who。 He who loses hope loses all. 失去希望的人就失去一切。（先行词为代词he
13、, they, any, all, one等时，多用who） I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese. 我遇见艾丽斯，她告诉我她在学汉语。（在非限制性定语从句中，用who） 2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时，用宾格whom，不用that。 The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher. 我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。（介词与关系代词紧密相连时，只能用宾格whom，不可用主格who） 注意：介词与关系代词不是紧密相连
14、时，或者说介词放在句子后面时，这时可以用主格who，也可用that，还可以省略关系代词。因此，上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法： （1） The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. （2） The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. （3） The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. （4） The man
15、 our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. 第4句简洁、自然，所以口语中用得最多。 3. 当关系代词泛指人时，多用that。 He is a man that is never afraid of failure. 他是个从不怕失败的人。（that用来泛指人） 4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时，应用that。 Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English? 用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁？（避免重复使用who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清） （二）关系代词wh
16、ich与that的区别 1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时，关系代词多用that。 All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。 She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。 2. 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时，关系代词一般都用that。 This is the best novel that I ha
17、ve ever read. 这是我读过的最好的一部小说。 He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人。 3. 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时，应用that。 Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆？（这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which） 4. 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词一般只用which。 Beijing, which is the capital of the
18、Peoples Republic of China, will host the XX Olympic Games. 北京是中华人民共和国的首都，将主办XX年奥运会。 5. 介词后的关系代词用which，而不用that。 She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了600张邮票，其中60是德国邮票。 六、定语从句的位置 如前所述，定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。有时候，定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语，这样它们被分隔了，这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。 There was a g
19、irl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad. 楼上有一个女孩，大喊大叫。很明显，她疯了。（定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl，被upstairs所隔开） 篇二：初中英语语法-英语从句总结 初中英语语法总结（从句） 英语从句三大类型 按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。 一,名词性从句 1主语从句Whether its right or not remains to be seen. 2宾语从句I wonder whether its right or not. 3同位语从句Thi
20、s is a question whether its right or not. 4表语从句The question is whether it二,定语从句 1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well. 2非限定性定语从句She is the student, who can speak English well. 三,状语从句 1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here. 2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like. 3原因状语从句Pay mor
21、e attention to your lessons because you are a student. 4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king. 5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well. 6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well. 7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me. 8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is litt
22、le. 1定语从句 ? 分清几个概念：先行词与关系代词/关系副词。先行词是指定语从句所修饰的中心词；关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词主要有 when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词有两个作用，一是连接主句和从句的作用，二是在定语从句中做成分。 定语从句分为：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句, 限定性定语从句如果去掉会影响句子意义的完整性，非限定性定语从句即使去掉也不会影响句子意义的完整性，如： July is the month when we have a lot of rain. There are many plays （t
23、hat） Id like to see. The meeting was put off, which surprised us a lot. This note is left by Mary, who was here a moment ago. 用逗号隔开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作关系代词。例如: telephone，as we know，was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell DRoosevelt，who died t
24、here on April 12，1945 in a damp（潮湿的） house for a long time is harmful to ones health，whichis known to everyone that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在从句中作主语或宾语。that作宾语时常可省略，which则不能，而且其后的“不及物动词+介词中的介词不能省略。which作宾语时，先行词与which之间的介词不能省。 first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830 second half of his voyage wa
25、s by far the more dangerous part，during which he sailed round the Cape Horn合恩角 代表all，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。 care anything that has something to do with it d better do something he prefers to do to please him is the last time we met each other came across the wom
26、an you told me about yesterday who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句的主语和宾语。where是关系副词，用于表示地点的定语从句，而when用来表示时间。whose 是关系代词，修饰名词作定语。 Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of mass production knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg next morning， when
27、she came down to breakfast ， Mary was beaming with the pleasure of a new，great discovery visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department 注意几点：that可替代who, whom（指人），也可替代which（指物） whose 既可指人又可指物 引导定语从句的关系代词紧跟介词做从句的宾语时，不用that,只 用which/ 不能用which,只能用that的情况. 几个例子：Is she the gir
28、l that/who sells flowers? an. 扳手）. 2状语从句 （主要由when，whenever，after，before，a5， since，once，until，while等连词引导）由sothat和suchthat连接），让步状语从句（由though，although， no matter，even if， however，whatever等词引导）由as，because，since和for引导）状语从句（由if， whether，as long as，provided that等词引导），地点状语从句（由where引导），行为方式状语从句（由as引导）。有时条件状语从句中，主句不可以用将
