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    高中二年级英语形容词副词连词和介词的用法.docx

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    高中二年级英语形容词副词连词和介词的用法.docx

    1、高中二年级英语形容词副词连词和介词的用法形容词和副词,连词和介词的用法 一. 语法小结:形容词的用法:(一)形容词在句中的用法: 1. 定语:I have to look after the sick boy. 2. 表语:Dont feel bad . Everything will be all right. 以a开头的形容词asleep , alone , alive , awake , afraid , alike , ashamed , aware ,以及content , unable , sure , sorry 等常用作表语,ill , well 等表示身体健康状况时,只作表语

    2、。作定语时要用sick 和healthy. 3. 宾补:Who left the door open ? I found him asleep. 4. 状语:He spent seven days in the wind and snow , cold and hungry. (表示动作发生的情况或方式) Crusoe stared at the footprint , full of fear. (表示动作发生的原因) 5. 作独立成分:Strange to say , he did pass the exam after all. 说也奇怪,他到底还是通过考试了。(二)形容词修饰名词的顺序

    3、: 1. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序: 当几个表示不同种类的形容词同时修饰一个名词时,它的顺序是: 表示限定的词: (1)放在冠词前的形容词有:all , both , such (2)冠词、指示代词、物主代词、不定代词有:a , the , this , that , my , his , some , every , each , etc. (3)序数词放在基数词的前面:the first one(第一),the second half(下半场) 表示类别的词: 表示内在性质的词要放在表示状态的词前。 (1)性质(描绘性形容词):nice , clever , fine , beautifu

    4、l , interesting (2)状态(大小、新旧等形容词):large , big , old , hot , red , new , young , little (3)专用的形容词(国籍等):Chinese , English (4)生产原料:wooden , plastic , cotton 例:It is a useless , old , big , yellow English car. 这是一辆没有用的、旧的、黄色的英国大轿车。 She was a hungry , tired , sleepy little match girl. 她是一个又饿又累又想睡的卖火柴的小女孩。

    5、 All of the first five gifted American scientists were greatly honoured. 前五位杰出的美国科学家全都受到了表彰。 2. 形容词作后置定语的两种情况: (1)由all- , some- , no- , any - 和every-+thing 等构成的不定代词(象something , everything , nothing 等),被形容词所修饰时,形容词后置。 Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ? He found theres nothing new in

    6、 what she said at the meeting. (2)下列形容词修饰名词时,也要后置。 present(出席的),available (可利用的),responsible(负责的),alive(活着的) Do all the people present agree with him ? He is regarded as the greatest man alive in the world. 3. 形容词与定冠词the连用: 有些形容词与定冠词the连用,表示一类人或事物,相当于一个名词,作主语时,动词用复数形式,这些形容词可以说是名词化了的形容词。 The young ar

    7、e fond of pop music. Take care of the dead and the dying. 在某些习语或词组中,这种用法也不少: from bad to worse , at large , at the best , at the most , for good , at the latest , do ones best , in general , etc(三)形容词的比较级和最高级的用法: 1. 同级比较的句型 (1)as+原级as被比较的对象 例:He is as diligent as the monitor. 他和班长一样勤奋用功。 (2)主语谓语no形容

    8、词的比较级than+被比较的对象 例:He is no more careful than you are. 他不比你更仔细。 2. 比较级的句型 (1)主语谓语形容词比较级than被比较的对象 例:Do you know why winter is colder than summer ? 你知道冬天为什么比夏天冷吗? This room is less beautiful than that one. 这间房不如那间漂亮。 (2)主语谓语not so (as)+形容词原级as + 被比较的对象 例:Tom is not so busy as Dick. 汤姆不如狄克忙。 (3)主语谓语th

    9、e形容词比较级of(两者比较) 例:He is the taller of the two brothers. 他是两兄弟中个头较高的那个。 (4)no more than (only , not any more than)仅仅,只有 例:His entire school education added up to no more than one year. 他全部接受教育的时间加起来也只有一年。 (5)not more than (at most)至多,不超过 例:He has not more than twenty yuan in his pocket. 他口袋里的钱不超过20元。

    10、 形容词的比较级还可用在某些句型中: (1)the more the more越是就越 The busier he is , the happier he is. (2)more and more 越来越 Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job. (3)all the more 因而更加 As a result , the rich became all the richer. That will make the work all the more difficult. (4)more or less 大体上,或多或少 The q

    11、uestion is more or less settled. (5)more (less)than不止,不到 She cant be more than 40. He is more than a friend to me. The lightest weighs less than 50 kilograms. (6)so much the better (worse)就更好,就更糟 If hell help us , so mush the better . If he doesnt work , so much the worse for him. 此外,还有any more , no

    12、t any longer , no longer , had better 等句型。 3. 最高级的句型 (1)形容词最高级(名词)表示范围的状语 例:She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。 (2)one of + 形容词最高级 例:Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大城市之一。 (3)序数词最高级 例:Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界第二大大陆。 (

    13、4)否定词形容词比较级 例:No one can be more careful than he is. 没有人比他更加仔细。 (5)形容词比较级than any other +名词 例:He is busier than any other worker in his workshop. 他比车间里任何一个工人都忙。 注意:“most +形容词”的结构可以表示非常高的程度,没有比较的意思,这种结构用作定语时,可以不用冠词或用不定冠词。 例:What you have said is most interesting. 你说的很有趣。 He wrote me a most interestin

    14、g letter. 他给我写了一封很有趣的信。 4. 注意表示倍数的比较级的几种句式 (1)倍数(或份数)as + 形容词as被比较的对象 例:This room is about two thirds as large as that one. 这个房间大约是那个房间的三分之二。 Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲面积有欧洲4倍之大。 (2)倍数(或分数、百分数)形容词比较级than +被比较的对象 例:Our school is three times bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大3倍。 (3)倍数(或分数)th

    15、e size of +被比较的对象 例:The new factory is five times the size of the old one. 新厂的规模是旧厂的5倍。 注意:除了以上一些比较句型外,还有其它一些表示比较的方法。 例:He is twice my age. 他的年龄比我大一倍。 There is only one year between us. 我们之间只差一岁。 5. 易错形容词与名词的搭配 注意:对于这类名词常用what提问。 例:Whats the population of Beijing ? 北京的人口是多少?副词的用法:(一)副词在句中的作用: 副词在句中主

    16、要用作状语,它可以用来修饰动词(a),形容词(b),副词(c),有时用来修饰整个句子(d). a. Dont drive too fast . The visitors were warmly welcomed by the hosts. b. You dont know how grateful we are to you. Her eyes were wide open. c. I cant speak so fluently as he does. d. Frankly I dont agree with him. (二)副词在句中的位置: 1. 大多数副词可以放在动词后面, Every

    17、thing goes smoothly. I remember having seen him somewhere. 2. 频率副词通常放在动词前面或情态动词,助动词,be动词后面。 She often does this. You must always remember this. She is seldom ill. He has never been late. 还有一些副词也放在这个位置上,如:already , yet , once , nearly , almost , just , really , suddenly , certainly , still , soon , s

    18、urely , etc I almost forgot about the whole thing. You must really be careful. 上面所谈副词中也有少数可以放在动词后面。 I remember having seen him once. Such things do happen sometimes. 3. 一些形容整个句子的副词通常放在句子的开头。 Actually , obviously , generally speaking , fortunately , unfortunately , strangely , hopefully , first of al

    19、l , at first , perhaps , certainly , originally , basically Luckily Peter was there. 4. 程度副词一般都放在它所修饰的词前面。 Im terribly sorry about it. We meet fairly often. This book is definitely more suitable for children to read than that one. I dont quite agree with you. (三)副词的修饰作用: 表示程度的修饰语在运用中应注意习惯,还应注意程度的比较。

    20、 1. 表示“轻微”程度(a little , a bit , a little bit ) 例:I felt a little tired. 我觉得有一点累。 The clock is a bit slow. 这个闹钟慢了一点。 2. 表示“一定”程度(quite , fairly ) 例:The book is quite good . 这本书相当好。 3. 表示“强调”程度(very , very much , so that , too to , much)。 例:The novel is very interesting. 那部小说很有趣。 George was very (much

    21、 , very much)delighted to see his aunt. 4. much too + 形容词是一种表示“强调”程度的结构。 例:You are here much too late. 你来这里太迟了。 下面的过去分词是形容词,可用much来修饰: frightened , excited , disappointed , pleased , satisfied , interested , surprised等。 5. 在英语中能用来修饰比较级结构的词有:a bit , a little , rather , much , many , far , by far , a

    22、lot , a great deal , any , still , even 等。 例:The film was far better than I had expected. 这部电影比我预料的要好得多。 Houses are much (far , a lot)more expensive these days. 最近房价比以前要贵得多。 用many和much来修饰比较级时,要注意后面是可数名词还是不可数名词;名词是可数名词,要用many more ;名词是不可数名词要用much more。 比较:I spend much more time on English than I did.

    23、 我现在花比以前更多的时间学英语。 I spend many more hours a day on English than I did. 与以前相比,每天我多花了几个小时学英语。 此外,倍数词、数量词短语,也可作比较级结构的修饰语,any修饰比较级形容词时,多用于否定句或疑问句中。下列词语可用来修饰形容词或副词的最高级。 far , by far , much , nearly , almost 常用的修饰最高级的程度副词 一般常用的有almost , altogether , by far , far , nearly , practically , quite , the very 等

    24、。 区别:far总是放在比较级或最高级之前。 by far可以放在比较级或最高级前或后。 例:This is far the best of all. 这是所有当中最好的。 In our class he is the tallest by far. 在我们班他是个子最高的。 He is by far the taller of the two brothers. 他是两兄弟当中个子高的那个。(四)两种形式相似,但意义不同的副词辨析: hard(艰苦地),hardly(几乎不),fair(公正),fairly(相当),high(高),highly(高度的),firm(稳定),firmly(完全

    25、地),most(非常),mostly(主要地),clear(清晰地),clearly(显然),near(接近),nearly(几乎) 例: (五)常用副词辨析: 1. a bit , a little 辨析:a little 与a bit都有“一点儿,有点儿”的意思,可以修饰形容词、副词等,意思相近。 在修饰名词时,a little 后面可直接接不可数名词,而a bit 后面须加上of,再接不可数名词。 另外,not a little 相当于much ,而not a bit 则相当于not at all (一点也不)。 例:Its a little / a bit cold here . 这儿

    26、有点冷。 Thats a bit / a little much to pay. 那笔要付的钱多了一些。 There is a little milk in the glass. 或There is a bit of milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里有点儿牛奶。 Im not a little tired. 我很累。 Im not a bit tired. 我一点不累。 2. almost , nearly 辨析:almost 与nearly作“几乎,差一点,差不多,将近”解。只是nearly 表示的程度和差距比almost 大。 (1)两者都可以修饰all , every ,

    27、always 等词,都可用于否定句中。 (2)在very , pretty , not 后面用nearly , 不用almost。 (3)在any , no , never 前用almost,不用nearly。 (4)与not连用,多用nearly。not nearly表示“远没有”之义。 例:We are almost home. 我们就要到家了。 (比较:We are nearly home. 我们快要到家了。) Almost no one (= Hardly anyone )believed the stranger. 几乎没有一个人相信这位陌生人。 It isnt nearly so

    28、easy as you think. 这远远不如你所想像的那么容易。 fairly , 辨析:fairly 意思为“相当地,适度地,说得过去地”,一般用来表示积极的含义,主要用于“好”的一方面。fairly 与普通副词相同,即冠词a / an 不能置其后,必须置其前。 rather一般用来表示消极的含意。 (1)可与too连用。 (2)可与形容词或副词比较级连用。 (3)可与动词连用。 quite 通常侧重主观看法,意为“完全地,几乎”,用于某些动词之前。 This test is rather too difficult for me and rather too easy for you.

    29、 这次考试对我来说相当难,而对你来说相当容易。 The weather was rather worse than I had expected. 天气比我所预料的更糟糕。 I rather want to see this film. 我很想去看电影。 I dont quite agree with you. 我并不完全同意你的意见。 对比:This is a fairly easy book. 这是一本相当浅显的书。(指容易而适当。) This is a rather easy book. 这本书过于浅显。(指过分容易而不适当。) 前者表示肯定或赞许,后者表示否定或不以为然。 习惯用语:w

    30、ould rather than(宁愿而不),would rather not(宁愿不)连词的用法:(一)连词的分类: 连词主要分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词,词组,或分句。从属连词是用来引起从句的。(二)连词的用法: 并列连词: 1. 表示意思转折的: but , yet , however , nevertheless , It was raining hard . However , he went on with his work . She had failed many times , nevertheless she didnt give up. 2. 表示因果关系的:for , therefore, He broke the law ; therefore he was put in prison. 3. 其他的并列连词:and , or , either or , neither nor , not only but also , both and , as well as 从属连词 1. 引导时间,原因,条件,让步,比较,目的,结果等状语从句的从属连词 when , while , as , after , before , since , until , as


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