1、高考必考点专题09情态动词和虚拟语气精讲深剖英语 解析版单项选择1.（2019江苏卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together.A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+
2、现在完成时+其他，故选C。2.（2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplished B. had accomplishedC. would accomplish D. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的
3、假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。3（2018天津卷）I cant find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.Ashould leave Bmust have leftCmight leave Dcould have left【答案】D。【解析】考查情态动词的完成式。根据本空所在句子的时间状语判断，此处叙述过去发生的动作；下文说“我不太肯定”，因此表示不肯定的语气，应用“情态动词could/
4、might/may have done”结构，因此选D。4. （2018天津卷）If we the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.Ahad caught BcaughtChave caught Dwould catch【答案】A。【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意和句中的时间状语可知，这是一个主从条件句的虚拟语气，条件从句中有时间状语yesterday，因此表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。5. （2018江苏卷）There is a good social life i
5、n the village, and I wish I a second chance to become more involved. Ahad Bwill have Cwould have had Dhave had【答案】选A。【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据“There is a good social life in the village”可知，时间的着眼点是现在，因此wish后的从句中的虚拟语气是对现在的虚拟，故选择had。6. （2018江苏卷）Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission
6、.A, would Bshould Ccould Dmight 【答案】选B。【解析】考查情态动词。句意：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的许可就拿走了那些书。should“竟然”，符合句意。单句语法填空 7(2016全国卷)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.【答案】be made 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。be made根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be
7、 done。单句改错8.（2018全国II卷）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. 【答案】去掉not后的to【解析】考查情态动词。would是情态动词，表意愿，后需跟动词原形，故to多余。 They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. 情态动词和虚拟语气是高考全国卷和地方卷的常考点，江苏和天津高考
8、单项填空每年必有一道考查情态动词和虚拟语气的题。此考点依次是：推测(可能性)请求/允许必要性特殊用法。此类试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。一情态动词(一)can, could用法例句表示能力，意为“能，会”；could表示过去的能力。She can speak French fluently. 她能讲一口流利的法语。can可用于肯定句中，表示客观或理论上的可能性。An experienced teacher can make mistakes. 一位有经验的老师也会犯错。表示请求或允许。在疑问句中，could可
9、以代替can，语气更委婉，肯定回答时要用can，不用could。Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning？Yes, you can. 明天上午我可以用你的自行车吗？是的，可以。表示说话者的主观推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句中。can比could语气强。He cant be our manager. He has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是我们经理。他已经去北京了。表示惊异、怀疑、迷惑等态度，常用于否定句和疑问句中。How can you treat me like that？你怎么能那样对我？用于固定习语中：cant . t
10、oo/enough (无论也不过分；越越好)；cant but do sth. (不得不，只好)；cant help doing sth. (禁不住做某事)。I cant thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 我非常感谢你，在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子。One cannot but admire her determination. 人们不得不佩服她的决心。【考题印证】(2016全国卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking
11、a trip._【答案】chose改为choose【解析】考查情态动词。情态动词can后面接动词原形。chose是choose的过去式形式。故把chose改为choose。(二)may, might用法例句表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。给予许可时用may，不用might。Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter？Yes, you may. 我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？是的，可以。表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句中。might比may语气弱。I really dont like
12、James. Why did you invite him？Dont worry. He might not come. 我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他？别担心。他或许不会来。表示祝愿，常用结构为：May主语动词原形！May you be happy every day！愿你快乐每一天！用于固定短语中：may/might as well动词原形(不妨，还是为好)；may/might well动词原形(很可能)。You may/might as well tell him the truth.你不妨告诉他事实吧。He may/might well stay in Beijing now. 他
13、现在很可能待在北京。【考题印证】(2015陕西高考单选)You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.【答案】may【解析】考查情态动词。根据句意“你觉得所有的训练都是在浪费时间，但我百分之百地肯定，以后你会很感激你做的。”可知空格处填may。(三)must, have to用法例句表示义务，意为“必须”。must强调说话人的主观看法，have to则强调客观需要；在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用need not (ne
14、ednt)或dont have to，而不是用must not。We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你仅仅告诉我们你能否承担这项任务就行。I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院。must用来表示推测，意为“一定”，只能用在肯定句中。must的肯定程度比can强。You must be hungry after a lon
15、g walk. 长途跋涉之后，你一定饿了。must表示“偏要，非要不可”。常用于疑问句和条件句中，偶尔也用于陈述句中。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。mustnt表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。You mustnt play with the knife, or you may hurt yourself.你千万不要玩刀，否则会伤到自己的。【考题印证】(2015四川高考改编)You _ be careful with the camera.It costs!【答案】mus
16、t【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你必须要小心使用这个相机。它很贵重！ 根据后面的“It costs！”可知，此处是说话人对使用相机的人提出的要求，must意为“必须”，表示说话人主观上的要求，语气强烈。故填must。(四)shall用法例句用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话者征求对方的意见。Shall he come in now？要不要让他现在进来？用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等。You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。用于条约、规定、法令、法律等文件中表示义务规定，意为“
17、必须”。One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我们有一条规定，那就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。(五)should, ought to用法例句should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。We should be strict with ourselves.我们应该严格要求自己。should表示出乎意料、惊讶的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。Such a gentleman should do that.这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。ought to表示义务、责任、
18、劝告等，意为“应该”，语气比should略重。You ought not to be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私。should和ought to表示推测，指合乎理想的情况或结果，意为“按说应该”。Try phoning Robert he should be home by now. 给罗伯特打个电话试试，他现在应该到家了。(六)will, would用法例句与各种人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示主语的意志、意愿或决心。will指现在，would指过去。I will never talk to him again. 我再也不会和他说话了。表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中
19、。would比will语气委婉。Will/Would you please close the window？请把窗户关上好吗？表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必然趋势，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。Fish will die without water. 没有水，鱼会死的。(七)need, dare用法例句need既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“需要”，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。neednt表示“不必”；对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must而不用need，作否定回答时用neednt。I neednt use a clock to wa
20、ke me up, because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. 我不必用闹钟来叫醒自己，因为每天早上六点都有火车从我家旁边经过。dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。I am so afraid that I dare not move. 我吓得一动也不敢动。二情态动词have done 1对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测must have done sth.“(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句may (might) h
21、ave done sth.“(过去)可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句can (could) have done sth.“本来能够/可以做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy.昨晚一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞。The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.那个男孩也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。I didnt see her in the meeting room
22、 this morning. She couldnt have spoken at the meeting.我今天上午没在会议室看见她，她不可能在会议上讲话。【考题印证】(2013全国卷改编)Since nobody gave him any help, he _ have done the research on his own.【答案】must【解析】考查情态动词表示对过去的推测。句意：既然没有人帮助他，他一定是独自完成了这项研究。根据题干中“Since nobody gave him any help”可判断设空处表示肯定有把握的的推测。故填must。2表示“与过去事实相反”could
23、have done sth.过去本可以做某事但实际上没做neednt have done sth.过去本不必做某事但实际上做了ought to/should have done sth.过去本应该做某事但实际上没做oughtnt to/shouldnt have done sth.过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了might have done sth.过去可能做某事但实际上没做You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.你本可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力而为。I neednt have taken the umbrella, fo
24、r the weather is fine.天气这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的。You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。You might have given him more help, though you were busy.你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。 【考题印证】单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2013浙江高考改编)I _ (enjoy) myself more it was a perfect day.【答案】couldnt/cant have enjoyed【解析】考查情态动词表示对过
25、去的推测。句意：我玩得再开心不过了这是完美的一天。“cant/couldnt . more”表示最高级的意思；根据题干中的was可知设空处表示“对过去发生的事情的态度”，故答案为couldnt/cant have enjoyed。2(2015天津高考改编)I neednt worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. _【答案】worried前加have【解析】worried前加haveneednt have done表示“本没有必要做”。句意：在我来到新学校之前
26、，我本没有必要担心，因为我的同学们对我很友好。 故在worried前加have。三虚拟语气(一)虚拟条件句的基本用法1if虚拟条件句(1)基本构成时间if从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式对现在的虚拟过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形对过去的虚拟had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词对将来的虚拟should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形过去式(be的过去式用were)were to动词原形(2)错综时间虚拟条件句当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根
27、据它所在的时间作出相应的调整。If you hadnt left home without a word, your parents wouldnt be so worried now.要不是你一言不语地离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反)(3)省略if的倒装句if虚拟条件状语从句中出现were, had, should时，可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.要是他
28、赶上了早晨的火车，那他就不会开会迟到了。2含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for, without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。We wouldnt have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。(2)用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.我那天病
29、了，否则，我就参加运动会了。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况”。I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day.我本来可以演讲的，但是那天我感冒了。【考题印证】单句语法填空/单句改错1(2018北京高考改编)They might have found a better hotel if they _ (drive) a few more kilometers. 【答案】had driven【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们开车再多走几千米的话，他们或许就会找到一家更好的旅馆。主从句皆为对过去
30、的虚拟，从句中应使用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。故填had driven。2(2018天津高考改编)If we _ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. 【答案】had caught【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果昨天我们赶上了航班的话，我们现在正在海滩上享受我们的假期了。此句是错综时间虚拟语气，由yesterday可知从句是对过去的虚拟(用过去完成时)，主句是对现在的虚拟。故填had caught。3.(2015四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them？ _【答案】are改为were【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，此处是虚拟语气，表示对现在的虚拟，动词用过去式，所以要把are改为were。(二)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法1主语从句中的虚拟语气(1)某些It is/was形容词/过去分词/名词that引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，s
