1、英语语言学概论复习考试英语语言学概论课程复习题集 (1-6章)2013-6-1 Chapter I Introduction2012I. Decide whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE: T1. Linguistics is the scientific study of language.F2. Competence and performance is distinguished by Saussure.F3. A synchronic linguistics is the study of a langua
2、ge through the course of its history.T4. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.F5. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.F6. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. T7. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses for
3、med should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. T8. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. T9. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods ap
4、plicable in any linguistic study. T10. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. F11. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. T12. The study of the ways in which morphemes ca
5、n be combined to form words is called morphology. F13. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. T14. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. T15. Both semantics an
6、d pragmatics study meanings. T16. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. T17. Social changes can often bring about language changes. T18. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. T19. The arbitrary nature o
7、f language makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions. F20. Synchronic linguistic is the study of a language through the course of its history.F21. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. T22. Modern linguistics is different from tradition
8、al grammar.F23. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. T24. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. F25. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.F26. Features that co
9、ntrast words in meaning are called design features are said to be in complementary distribution.F27. Linguistic symbols are arbitrary.F28. By arbitrariness Saussure means that the forms of linguistic signs bear some natural relationship to their meaning.II. Fill in each of the following blanks with
10、one word which begins with the letter given: descriptive1. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d_.knowledge2. Chomsky defines “ competence” as the ideal users k_ of the rules of his language. abstract3. Langue refers to the a_ linguistic sy
11、stem shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. Duality 43. D_ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless
12、individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units. arbitrary5. Language is a system of a_ vocal symbols used for human communication. Sociolinguistics 6. S is the study of language in relation to society.syntax7. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into perm
13、issible sentences in languages is called s_. genetic 8. Human capacity for language has a g _ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned. Parole 9. P _ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. applied10. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settl
14、ement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a_ linguistics.productive11. Language is p_ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of
15、sentences which they have never heard be12scientifc12. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _ study of language.social13. To help define and maintain interpersonal relations is the s function of language. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best comple
16、te the statement. A1. The description of a language in a fixed instant is a _ study.A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. systematicD2. The application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning is called _. A. sociolinguistics B. Psycholinguistics C. computati
17、onal linguistics D. Applied LinguisticsC3. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _. A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic D4. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacemen
18、t C. Duality D. Meaningfulness A5. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _. A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable D6. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _. A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing B. speech plays a greater
19、role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D. All of the above C7. Many modern linguists have criticized traditional grammarians for adopting a _ approach to language study.A. synchronic B. di
20、achronicC. prescriptive D. descriptive B8. A historical study of language is a _ study of language. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative C9. According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. A. parole B. per
21、formance C. langue D. Language B10. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meanings. A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas A11. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_, A.
22、displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmissionB12. The distinction between langue and parole was made by _ early last century. A. American linguist N. Chomsky B. Swiss linguist F. de Saussure C. American linguist Edward Sapir D. British linguist J. R. Firth A13. The fact that differ
23、ent languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is .A. arbitrary B. rational C. logical D. culturalIV. Answer the following question:1. In what basic ways does modern linguistics differ from traditional grammar?2. What are the main features of human language
24、that have been specified by C. Hockett to show that it is essentially different from animal communication system?Chapter 2：PhonologyI. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: T1. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. F2. I
25、f two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution. F3. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning. F4. English is a tone language while Chinese is not. T5. In linguistic evolution, speech is pri
26、or to writing. T6. In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. F7.Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph. F8
27、.The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the throat, the mouth and the chest.T 9. The soundzis a voiced alveolar stop.T9. Voicing is a distinctive feature for English consonants.F10. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound
28、segment that occurs in the same place in the string, then the two words are called minimal pairs. Sip and zip are a minimal pair, as are fine and vine, and veal and leaf. T11. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing. F12. English consonants can be classified
29、 in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest. F13. According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar. T12. Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of f
30、actors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels. F13. According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels. T14. The English consonants can be cl
31、assified in terms of place and manner of articulation.F15. The qualities of vowels depend on the positions of lips.F16. Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme. F17. Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning. F18. Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories. T19. A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning. F20. When two differe
