1、 1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them. 2. How are people buried in Marrakech? 3. Explain the sentence, All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.（para 3） 4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like
2、? 5. Why does the writer say, A good job Hitler wasnt here? 6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point? 7. How was land cultivated in Morocco? 8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece? 9. What did every white m
3、an think when he saw a black army marching past?. Questions on appreciation: 1. The things of value, Orwell says in Why I Write, are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value? 2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you t
4、ell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery? 3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader? 4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs
5、be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence? 5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an evil thing ? 6. Comment on Orwells lucid style and fine attention to significant d
6、escriptive details. Paraphrase: 1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. （para 2） 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. （para 3） 3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back
7、 into the nameless mounds of the graveyard （para 3） 4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. （para 9） 5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews （para 10） 6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or
8、less impossible luxury （para 10） 7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. （para 16） 8. In a tropical landscape ones eye takes in everything except the human beings. （para 16） 9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. （para 17） 10. for nine-tenths of the people
9、 the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil （para 17） 11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. （para 19） 12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. （para 21） 13. Their splendid bodies wer
10、e hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms （para 23） 14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? （para 25） 15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. （para 26）. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese. Look up the dictionary and explain the me
11、aning of the itali-cized words: 1. wailing a short chant over and over again （para 2） 2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby （para 6） 3. he stowed it gratefully （para 7） 4. his left leg is warped out of shape （para 9） 5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community （para 11） 6. the plough is
12、a wretched wooden thing （para 18） 7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun （para 19） 8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms （para 23） 9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers （para 26）. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms: 1. wail, cry, weep,
13、 sob, whimper, moan 2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria 3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle Suggested Reference Books SRB 1. Websters New World Dictionary of the American Language 2. Websters New Dictionary of Synonyms 3. Readers Digest, Use the Right Word. Study the formation of the follo
14、wing compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each: 1. burying-ground 2. gravestone 3. mid-air 4. overcrowding 5. nine-tenths 1. any standard dictionary 2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider
15、used most effectively and give your reasons.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases: 1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single
16、armored division left to protect the home island. 2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming. 3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government. 4.They have wasted their
17、 natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them. 5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming. 6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for mans benefit, and it gets little or no publicit
18、y. 7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge. 8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only for a few days. 9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach. 10. I left th
19、e door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank. .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1） What is the topic sentence? 2） Has the writer succeeded in achieving unity? Give your reasons. 1. Life on the farm is an eternal
20、battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling aro
21、und from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his days work is done, the f
22、armer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must
23、be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot. 2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I neve
24、r ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that its not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese frien
25、ds has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that its always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and
26、 the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine qu
27、ite like the flavor of sashimi （raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish） or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive f
28、or another reason- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank: fell come did fired pulled feel sagged collapse goes altered slobb
29、ered climbed went paralysed settled drooping jolt seemed imagined knock falling tower reaching trumpeted shake came When I _the trigger I did not hear the bang or _the kick - one never does when a shot _ home - but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too s
30、hort a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had _over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_, but every line of his body had_ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had _ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _ a long time - it might have been five seconds, I dare say he _flabbily to his knees. His mouth _An enormous senility seemed to have _ upon him. One could have _him thousands of years old. I _again into the same spot. At the sec
