1、考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表教学文案考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(一)感觉记忆（SM）sensory memory短期记忆（STM）short-term M.长期记忆（LTM）long-term memory复诵rehearsal预示（激发）priming童年失忆症childhood amnesia视觉编码（表征）visual code（representation）听觉编码acoustic code运作记忆working memory语意性知识semantic knowledge记忆扫瞄程序memory scanning procedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P.自
2、我终止式扫瞄self-terminated S.程序性知识procedural knowledge命题（陈述）性知识propositional（declarative）knowledge情节（轶事）性知识episodic K.讯息处理深度depth of processing精致化处理elaboration登录特殊性coding specificity记忆术mnemonic位置记忆法method of loci字钩法peg word（线）探索（测）（激发）字prime关键词key word命题思考propositional thought心像思考imaginal thought行动思考moto
3、ric thought概念concept原型prototype属性property特征feature范例策略exemplar strategy语言相对性（假说）linguistic relativity th.音素phoneme词素morpheme（字词的）外延与内涵意义denotative & connotative meaning（句子的）表层与深层结构surface & deep structure语意分析法semantic differential全句语言holophrastic speech过度延伸over-extension电报式语言telegraphic speech关键期cri
4、tical period差异减缩法difference reduction方法目的分析means-ends analysis倒推working backward动机motive自由意志free will决定论determinism本能instinct种属特有行为species specific驱力drive诱因incentive驱力减低说drive reduction th.恒定状态（作用）homeostasis原级与次级动机primary & secondary M.功能独立functional autonomy下视丘侧部（LH）lateral hypothalamus脂肪细胞说fat-ce
5、ll theory.下视丘腹中部（VMH）ventromedial H定点论set point th.CCK胆囊调节激素第一性征primary sex characteristic第二性征secondary sex characteristic自我效能期望self-efficiency expectancy内在（发）动机intrinsic motive外在（衍）动机extrinsic motive成就需求N. achievement需求层级hierarchy of needs自我实现self actualization冲突conflict多项仪polygraph肤电反应GSR（认知）评估（co
6、gnitive appraisal）脸部回馈假说facial feedback hypothesis（生理）激发arousal挫折-攻击假说frustration-aggression hy.替代学习vicarious learning考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(二)发展development先天nature后天nurture成熟maturation（视觉）偏好法preferential method习惯法habituation视觉悬崖visual cliff剥夺或丰富（环境）deprivation or enrichment of env.基模schema同化assimilation调适
7、accommodation平衡equilibrium感觉动作期sensorimotor stage物体永久性objective permanence运思前期preoperational st.保留概念conservation道德现实主义moral realism具体运思期concrete operational形式运思期formal operational st.前俗例道德pre-conventional moral俗例道德conventional moral超俗例道德post-conventional moral气质temperament依附attachment性别认定gender iden
8、tity性别配合sex typing性蕾期phallic stage恋亲冲突Oedipal conflict认同identification社会学习social learning情结complex性别恒定gender constancy青年期adolescence青春期 -puberty第二性征secondary sex characteristics认同危机identity crisis定向统合identity achievement早闭型统合foreclosure未定型统合moratorium迷失型统合identity diffusion传承generativity心理动力psycho-d
9、ynamics心理分析psychoanalysis行为论behaviorism心理生物观psycho-biological perspective认知cognition临床心理学家-clinical psychologist谘商counseling人因工程human factor engineering组织organization潜意识unconsciousness完形心理学Gestalt psychology感觉sensation知觉perception实验法experimental method独变项independent variable依变项dependent V.控制变项contro
10、l V.生理physiology条件化conditioning学习learning比较心理学comparative psy.发展development社会心理学social psy.人格personality心理计量学psychometrics受试（者）subject实验者预期效应experimenter expectancy effect双盲法doubleblind实地实验field experiment相关correlation调查survey访谈interview个案研究case study观察observation心理测验psychological test纹理递变度texture g
11、radient注意attention物体的组群grouping of object型态辨识pattern recognition形象-背景figure-ground接近律proximity相似律similarity闭合律closure连续律continuity对称律symmetry错觉illusion幻觉delusion恒常性constancy大小size形状shape位置 location单眼线索monocular cue线性透视linear- perspective双眼线索binocular cue深度depth调节作用accommodation重迭superposition双眼融合bin
12、ocular fusion辐辏作用convergence双眼像差binocular disparity向度 dimension自动效应autokinetic effect运动视差 motion parallax诱发运动 induced motion闪光运动 stroboscopic motion上下文脉络-context人工智能artificial intelligence A.I.脉络关系作用-context effect模板匹配template matching整合分析法analysis-by-synthesis丰富性redundancy选择性selective无意识的推论-unconsc
13、ious inferences运动后效motion aftereffect特征侦测器feature detector激发性excitatory抑制性inhibitory几何子geons由上而下处理up-down process由下而上处理bottom-up process连结者模式connectionist model联结失识症associative agnosia脸孔辨识困难症prosopagnosia意识conscious（ness）意识改变状态altered states of consciousness无意识unconsciousness前意识preconsciousness内省法in
14、trospection边缘注意peripheral attention多重人格multiple personality午餐排队（鸡尾酒会）效应lunch line（cocktail party） effect自动化历程automatic process解离dissociate解离认同失常dissociative identity disorder快速眼动睡眠REM dream非快速眼动睡眠NREM dream神志清醒的梦lucid dreaming考研心理学专业名词中英文对照表(三)显性与隐性梦manifest & latern content心理活动性psychoactive冥想medita
15、tion抗药性tolerance戒断withdrawal感觉剥夺sensory deprivation物质滥用substance abuse成瘾physical addiction物质依赖sub. dependence戒断症状withdrawal symptom兴奋剂stimulant幻觉（迷幻）剂hallucinogen镇定剂sedative抑制剂depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄delirium tremens麻醉剂narcotic催眠hypnosis催眠后暗示posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失忆posthypnotic amnesia超心理学parapsycholo
16、gy超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP心电感应telepathy超感视clairvoyance预知precognition心理动力psycokinesis PK受纳器receptor绝对阈absolute threshold差异阈difference threshold恰辨差-JND韦伯律Webers law心理物理psychophysical费雪纳定律Fechners law频率frequency振幅amplitude音频pitch基音fundamental tone倍音overtone和谐音harmonic音色timbre白色噪音white noise鼓膜ear
17、drum耳蜗cochlea卵形窗oval window圆形窗round window前庭vestibular sacs半规管semicircular canals角膜cornea水晶体lens虹膜iris瞳孔pupil网膜retina睫状肌ciliary muscle调节作用accommodation脊髓spinal cord反射弧reflex arc脑干brain stem计算机轴性线断层扫描CAT或CTPET正子放射断层摄影MRI磁共振显影延脑medulla桥脑pons小脑cerebellum网状结构reticular formationRAS网状活化系统视丘thalamus下视丘hypo
18、thalamus大脑cerebrum脑（下）垂体（腺）pituitary gland脑半球cerebral hemisphere皮质cortex胼胝体corpus callosum边缘系统limbic system海马体hippocampus杏仁核amygdala中央沟central fissure侧沟lateral fissure脑叶lobe同卵双生子identical twins异卵双生子fraternal twins古典制约classical conditioning操作制约operant conditioning非制约刺激（US unconditioned stimulus非制约反应（
19、UR）unconditioned R.制约刺激（CS）conditioned S.制约反应（CR）conditioned R.习（获）得acquisition增强作用reinforcement消除（弱）extinction自（发性）然恢复spontaneous recovery前行制约forward conditioning同时制约simultaneous conditioning回溯制约backward cond.痕迹制约trace conditioning延宕制约delay conditioning类化（梯度）generalization（gradient）区辨discrimination
20、（次级）增强物（secondary）reinforcer嫌恶刺激aversive stimulus试误学习trial and error learning效果率law of effect正（负）性增强物positive（negative）rei.行为塑造behavior shaping循序渐进successive approximation自行塑造autoshaping部分（连续）增强partial（continuous）R定比（时）时制fixed ratio（interval）schedule FR或FI变化比率（时距）时制variable ratio（interval）schedule V
21、R或VI逃离反应escape R.回避反应avoidance response习得无助learned helplessness顿悟insight学习心向learning set隐内（潜在）学习latent learning认知地图cognitive map生理回馈biofeedback敏感递减法-systematic desensitization普里迈克原则Premacks principle洪水法flooding观察学习observational learning动物行为学ethology敏感化sensitization习惯化habituation联结association认知学习cogn
22、itional L.观察学习observational L.登录编码encoding保留储存retention提取retrieval回忆（free recall全现心像照相式记忆eidetic imageryphotographic memory .舌尖现象（TOT）tip of tongue再认recognition再学习relearning节省分数savings外显与内隐记忆explicit & implicit memory记忆广度memory span组集chunk序列位置效应serial position effect起始效应primacy effect新近效应recency eff
23、ect心（情）境依赖学习state-dependent L.无意义音节nonsense syllable顺向干扰proactive interference逆向干扰retroactive interference闪光灯记忆flashbulb memory动机性遗忘motivated forgetting器质性失忆症organic amnesia阿兹海默症Alzheimers disease近事（顺向）失忆症anterograde amnesia旧事（逆向）失忆retrograde A.高沙可夫症候群korsakoffs syndrome凝固理论consolidation考研心理学专业名词中英文
24、对照表(三)失眠insomnia显性与隐性梦manifest & latern content心理活动性psychoactive冥想meditation抗药性tolerance戒断withdrawal感觉剥夺sensory deprivation物质滥用substance abuse成瘾physical addiction物质依赖sub. dependence戒断症状withdrawal symptom兴奋剂stimulant幻觉（迷幻）剂hallucinogen镇定剂sedative抑制剂depressant酒精中毒引起谵妄delirium tremens麻醉剂narcotic催眠hypno
25、sis催眠后暗示posthypnotic suggestion催眠后失忆posthypnotic amnesia超心理学parapsychology超感知觉extrasensory perception ESP心电感应telepathy超感视clairvoyance预知precognition心理动力psycokinesis PK受纳器receptor绝对阈absolute threshold差异阈difference threshold恰辨差-JND韦伯律Webers law心理物理psychophysical费雪纳定律Fechners law频率frequency振幅amplitude音频pitch基音fundamental tone倍音overtone和谐音harmonic音色timbre白色噪音white noise鼓膜eardrum耳蜗cochlea卵形窗oval window圆形
