1、中考英语语法复习非谓语动词考点透析中考英语语法非谓语动词考点第一讲 【非谓语动词命题趋势 】根据对非谓语动词部分全国各省、市中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1 it作形式主语、宾语的用法2 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；3 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用4 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；5 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。 【考点诠释】一、考查非谓语动词用作主语不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。 【考例】Its very n
2、ice pictures for me. 天津A. of you to draw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing二、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】一Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一Do as you like，please07淄博市Aclose B will close Cclosing Dto close Mary and I enjoy _ badminton07黔岭东南州Ato play B playing Cplayed-Mr. Wang
3、，I have trouble _the text一Remember _it three times at least威海市Ato understand；reading B understanding；readingC understanding；to read Dto understand；to read at night 解析have trouble doing something意为“做某事有困难”，所以答案在B与C中。remember to do something意为“记得(去)做某事”，remember doing something意为“记得做过某事”，由对话的语境可知，前者正确
4、。 -How are you feeling here?-Its quite hot. I dont know to go or stay. 武汉A. how B. when C. whether D. where 解析考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道是走还是留下来。”Many people think its very important us learn English well. 贵阳A. for, to B. to, to C. with, for 解析考查“主语+feel/think/ make/ find +it +adj. +for sb. +to do st
5、h.句中it为形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语，”故此题答案为A。The menu has so many good things! I cant decide_.河北A. what to eat B. how to eat C. where to eat D. when to eat 解析 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不能决定吃什么。”12-My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions.河南课改试验区 A. what to use B. which one to use C
6、. how to use it D. when to use it解析 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道如何使用。”13It took my daughter two weeks _the novels _by Yand Hongying.潍坊A. read; written B. to read; written C. reading; to write D. to read; wrote 解析 It takes +sb+some time +to do sth表示花费多长时间做某事，novel与write的关系是动宾关系，应用过去分词，表示被动。Drivers are
7、warned _when they are tired.佛山A. to drive B. not drive C. not to drive 解析考查动词不定式的否定结构。否定形式是在to前面加not。If you want to know _the mobile phone, youd better read the instructions first.大连A. how to use B. how to make C. where to mend D. where to buy解析 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“如果你想要知道如何使用手机的话，你最好先看一看说明书。”Chin
8、a will spend about 52 billion yuan _new airports and _old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period(时期)07临沂市Arepairing; building B to build；repair Cbuilding；repairing Dto repair；build 解析本题主要是考查动词spend的用法。spenddoing something意为“花费做某事”，由此可排除B、D两项。再从句意上看，应是“修建”新机场，“维修”旧机场。3 students s
9、hould pay attention to _the teacher in class07泰州市Ahear B1istento C listening to D hearing of 解析本题考查了介词后跟动词的情况。 pay attention to意为“注意”，其中to是介词，所以后面的动词应使用动名词形式。hear of意为“听说”，与句意不符。三、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。 【考例】Alice asked me another bag for her. 北京市课标卷A. g
10、et B. got C. to get D. getting 解析 ask sbto do sth表示让某人做某事，此句话的意思为:“爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。”Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer. 长沙A. swim B. to swim C. swimming 解析考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tell sbto do sth表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根据题意，-What did your sister say to you last night?-She
11、asked me _my father her secret.绍兴 A. to tell not B. not to tell C. dont tell D. not tell解析 tell sbto do sth表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根据题意，Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸宁A. help B. to help C. helped D. helps 解析考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice
12、, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加to。Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them _ how much they mean to us. 哈尔滨A. to know B. knowing C. know解析考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。make sb. do sth. 表示“使某人”，故选C。
13、-How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?-It makes us _proud.包头A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling 解析 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。四、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】Shopping with me?Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . （20
14、04江西省南昌） Ato wash Bwashed Cwash Dto be washed 命题立意：本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。试题解析：作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。五、考查非谓语动词用作状语 【考例】-Linda, I am very thirsty. -Lets go to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? 重庆A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying 解析考查不定式作目的状语的用法。句意为：“咱们去最近的超级市场买些饮料。”In order _the w
15、ord a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.乐山A. makes B. making C. to make D. make 解析考查动词不定式作目的状语的特殊结构。in order to do sth.表示“为了”的意思，不定式作目的状语一There goes the bell一Its time for class. Lets stop_.福州市A talk B to talk Ctalking Dnot talk 解析 动词stop后既可接动词不定式作宾语，即：stop to do sth，也可以接动词的一ing形式作定语，即：st
16、op doing sth。前者表示停下来(开始)做后面的动作，后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了，到了上课时间，应停止交谈”【语法回顾】 动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。其主动式有一般式、进行时、完成式和完成进行式。其被动式、进行式和完成式。如下表：时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done动词不定式主动式的句法功能1、动词不定式作主语当动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。例如：To say something is one thing; to do it is another.说是一回事，做是另一
17、回事。To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.(对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)当动词不定式在句子中作主语时,通常使用it作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短语，以使句子保持平衡。例如：Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。It is not diff
18、icult to work out the problem.弄清这个节目的情况并不困难。Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。Its for sb.和 Its of sb.这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门
19、外语是很难的。 2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如： Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。2、动词不定式作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。3、动词不定式作宾语1）及物动词ask，agree，beg，
20、care，choose，decide，expect，force，fail，hesitate，claim，hope，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，plan，prepare，promise，refuse，want，wish等要求动词不定式作宾语。例如：We want to learn some body language.我们想学习一点身势语。She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人能担负起买如
21、此昂贵的服装。4、动词不定式作宾语补足语有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作补语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式。1）能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，allow， get，warn，tell，invite，force， oblige， beg， wish，want， like， hate， expect， encourage， advise， persuade，permit， request， order， cause， know， call on等。例如：Would you like me to help you? 你要我帮忙吗？Father will not allow us to
22、 play on the street.2）用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有see，hear，watch，notice，observe，listen to，look at，feel，let，have，make等。但是，这类句子变为被动语态时，不定式符号to仍保留。例如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。=They were made to work the whole night.5、动词不定式与疑问词、介词的连用（1）decide，
23、find out， forget，know，learn，remember，wonder等动词常接“疑问词+ 动词不定式”这个结构，用作宾语。疑问词一般是what，who（m），where，how，whether，why，which。例如：Would you teach us how to drive a car? 你愿意教我们如何开车吗？Let me tell you what to do now.让我来告诉你现在该做什么。 当宾语是不定式(短语)时，如果其后有宾语补足语，则须用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在补语之后，即：“主语 +谓语 + it +宾补不定式（短语）”。常见的谓语动词有t
24、hink, make, feel, find, etc.例如：I dont think it is necessary to buy a bigger computer.我认为没有必要买那个大功能的计算机。He found it important to study the situation in Russian.他发现研究俄国形势非常重要。6、动词不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上
25、（他回家时）两手空空。 7、动词不定式作状语不定式通常在句子里可作目的、条件、原因和结果状语。1） 目的状语常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,so as to do,so（such） as to（如此以便）。例如： He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 I awoke to find my
26、 truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。3） 表原因Im glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。 4）表示理由和条件He must be a fool to say so.他可定是傻子才这样说。You will do well to speak more carefully.如果你仔细说，你会做得更好。 III.不定式的否定和省略形式一、不定式的否定不定式的否定通常应直接在不定式前加否定词
27、not。注：否定词never也可构成不定式的否定形式。Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。关于too.to.表示否定的情况表示“如此.以致不能.，”一般表示否定。例如：He is too young to go to school.(=He is so young that he cant go to school.)他年龄太小，不能上学。She was too excited to say a word.(=She was so ex
28、cited that she could not say a word.)他激动的连一句话也说不出来。二、不定式的省略形式1） 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。2） 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如： I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板
29、让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.3） would rather，had better句型后4） Why / why no句型后5） help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：6） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。7） 由and,
30、 or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：8） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如： He is supposed （to be） nice.他应该是个好人。 第二讲 动名词1、 动名词作主语1） 动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别。一般地说，动名词表示抽象的、一般的行为，尤其是强调多次性的动作；不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作，特别是将来的动作。例如：Checking information is very important.核实情况是非常重要的。Learning a foreign language is very useful to me.学习一门外语，来说是非常重要的。2、动名词作宾语1） 有些动词只能用动名词作直接宾语，不 能用不定式作直接宾语。如：admit， advise
