1、北京市东城区届高三下学期一模英语试题解析版北京市东城区 20202021 学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）英语本试卷共 10页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Labrador has been doing an important job to help people stay safe during the
2、 COVID-19 pandemic.Eight-year-old Roby runs through the streets of the hilly city of Medellin several times a day with a _1_ in his jaws, taking vegetables, fruit and packaged foods to customers of the Fresh4U mini-market.“He helps us to maintain social distancing,” said Roby owner, Sherry Botero. “
3、And people _2_ it when we send the dog.” Roby enjoys eating carrots _3_ to him by customers, a tip for bringing a basket of food.Roby wasnt always a star. He was accepted into the family _4_ by Ms Botero after repeated requests by her son to _5_ a dog.But Ms Botero quickly _6_ with the dog. And when
4、 she opened a mini-market four years ago, he started to accompany her to make deliveries.Roby cant read _7_. But he remembers the names of customers who have previously rewarded him with treats. And with some practice, he has learned to go to their houses on his own.“He knows the names of five or si
5、x of our customers,” Ms Botero said, “So I send the goods with a receipt in the basket, and my customers _8_ me through a bank transfer(转账；转移).”Roby might not know that hes become an _9_ worker. But he is happy to help his owner and _10_ his daily pay.1. A. bag B. chain C. basket D. stick2. A. respe
6、ct B. love C. follow D. notice3. A. gifted B. returned C. lent D. donated4. A. intentionally B. regretfully C. immediately D. unwillingly5. A. adopt B. train C. adore D. walk6. A. got away B. kept in touch C. caught up D. fell in love7. A. minds B. addresses C. numbers D. receipts8. A. treat B. help
7、 C. pay D. impress9. A. essential B. honest C. optimistic D. adventurous10. A. spend B. calculate C. collect D. increase【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在新冠疫情期间，拉布拉多犬Roby帮助人们送蔬菜、水果和包装食品的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：8岁的Roby每天叼着篮子在多山城市Medellin的街道上跑好几次，把蔬菜、水果和包装食品送到Fre
8、sh4U迷你市场的顾客那里。A. bag包；B. chain链子；C. basket篮子；D. stick棍子。根据下一段“a tip for bringing a basket of food.”和倒数第二行“So I send the goods with a receipt in the basket,”可知，此处指叼着篮子把蔬菜，水果等送到顾客那。故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们派Roby过去时，人们很喜欢它。A. respect尊重；B. love爱，喜欢；C. follow跟随；D. notice注意。根据下文“ 3 to him by customers, a
9、tip for bringing a basket of food.”可知，人们喜欢Roby。故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Roby喜欢吃顾客送给他的胡萝卜，这是他带了一篮子食物的小费。A. gifted.用礼物送；B. returned返回；C. lent借出；D. donated捐赠。根据后文“a tip for bringing a basket of food.”可知，人们送给Roby胡萝卜作为送食物的小费。故选A。【4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Botero的儿子多次请求收养一只狗，但Botero不情愿地接受了这只狗。A. intentionally故意地；B. r
10、egretfully后悔地；C. immediately立刻地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据后文“after repeated requests by her son”可知，Botero不太愿意让儿子养狗，所以此处需用副词unwillingly不情愿地。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. adopt领养；B. train训练；C. adore崇拜，爱慕；D. walk行走。根据前文“He was accepted into the family 4 by Ms Botero ”可知，Botero不太愿意让儿子养狗。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意
11、：但是Botero女士很快就爱上了这只狗。A. got away离开；B. kept in touch保持联系；C. caught up赶上；D. fell in love爱上。根据后文“And when she opened a mini-market four years ago, he started to accompany her to make deliveries.”和空前转折连词but可知，Botero女士喜欢上了小狗Roby。故选D。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Roby看不懂地址。A. minds思想；B. addresses地址；C. numbers号码；D. re
12、ceipts收据。根据前文“he started to accompany her to make deliveries.”和常识可知，因为是狗去送货，不认识字，所以看不懂地址。故选B。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我把货物连同收据放在篮子里寄出去，我的客户通过银行汇款给我。A. treat对待，款待；B. help帮助；C. pay付款；D. impress给留下印象。根据空后“ me through a bank transfer(转账；转移).”可知，此处指转账付款。故选C。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Roby可能不知道他已经成为一个必不可少的“工人”。A. ess
13、ential必不可少的，重要的；B. honest诚实的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. adventurous冒险的。因为Roby帮Ms Botero送货，所以他已经成了一个必不可少的“工人”。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他很乐意帮助他的主人和领取他的日常工资。A. spend花费；B. calculate计算；C. collect领取，收集；D. increase增加。根据前文描述可知，人们会给Roby一些食物作为小费，所以此处指他会领取他的日常报酬。故选C。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的
14、空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Comets are among the most beautiful and interesting _11_(sight) in the universe. For centuries, people _12_(show) great interest in studying them. In 1682, Edmund Halley, an astronomer, noticed a comet that was especially bright and large. Based on his calculat
15、ions, Halley predicted that this bright comet would return in 1758 or 1759this was about 75 years _13_ he first saw the comet. The comet really returned on time and it was named “Halleys Comet” in honor of Edmund Halley.【答案】11. sights 12. have shown/have been showing 13. after【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了哈雷
16、彗星命名的由来。【11题详解】考查可数名词的数。句意：彗星是宇宙中最美丽、最有趣的景观之一。根据前文“among the most beautiful and interesting”可知，此处指众多有趣景观之一，所以空处名词需用复数。故填sights。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：几个世纪以来，人们对研究它们表现出极大的兴趣。根据时间状语 For centuries可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在将会继续下去，主语是复数 people，所以助动词需用have。故填have shown/have been showing。【13题详解】考查
17、连词。句意：根据他的计算，哈雷预测这颗明亮的彗星将在1758年或1759年回归这距离他第一次看到这颗彗星大约75年。根据前一句“ In 1682, Edmund Halley, an astronomer, noticed a comet that was especially bright and large. (1682年，天文学家埃德蒙哈雷注意到一颗特别明亮和巨大的彗星。)”可知，哈雷第一次看到那颗彗星是1682年，再次看到可能是1758年或1759年，此处表示75年后，所以需用连词after。故填after。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在
18、给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Emma was on her way home when she heard a sudden scream. Looking around, she saw a little boy on the sidewalk gasping(急喘) for air, his _14_(frighten) mother begging for help. Emma rushed to the boy, _15_ face had turned purple. “Whats wrong?” “A candy! In his throat!” It was
19、lucky that Emma had learned how _16_(perform) the Heimlich maneuver(海姆利克急救法) at school. She acted quickly. Soon, the boy coughed up a piece of candy and began breathing again. He _17_(save) in time.【答案】14. frightened 15. whose 16. to perform 17. was saved【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Emma在回家路上，救助被糖果卡住喉咙的小男孩的故
20、事。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：环顾四周，她看到一个小男孩在人行道上喘着气，他惊恐的母亲请求帮助。空处需用形容词作定语，修饰名词 mother，因为修饰空后指人的名词mother，所以空处需用ed形容词frightened“惊恐的”。故填frightened。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：Emma奔向男孩，男孩的脸已经变紫了。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是boy，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词face，表示所属关系，意为“的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导非限制性定语从句。故填whose。【16题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：幸运的是，E
21、mma在学校学会了如何使用海姆利克急救法。分析句子结构可知，空处需用疑问词how接动词不定式作动词learned的宾语。故填to perform。【17题详解】考查被动语态。句意：他及时得救了。根据前一句谓语动词began 可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情，因为小男孩是被Emma救，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是第三人称单数he，所以空处be动词需用was。故填was saved。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In Japan, th
22、e word bonsai means tray plant. It refers to the interesting _18_(combine) of art and the planting and growing of miniature trees and plants. Bonsai originated in China more than 2,000 years ago and _19_(spread) to Japan about 700 years ago. Some people believe that only small plants must be used in
23、 bonsai, but this is not true. Nearly any type of tree or plant can be used, as long as it is grown _20_ a seed or a small cutting.【答案】18. combination 19. spread/was spread 20. from【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了盆景的历史。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：它指的是艺术与微型树木和植物的种植和生长的有趣结合。形容词interesting作定语修饰名词，所以空处需用名词，作refer to的宾语；combine
24、的名词为combination“结合”，是不可数名词。故填combination。【19题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：盆景起源于2000多年前的中国，约700年前传到日本。由时间状语about 700 years ago可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，因为可以表示被动，所以此处谓语动词也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是单数Bonsai，所以be动词需用was。故填spread/was spread。【20题详解】考查介词。句意：几乎任何种类的树木或植物都可以被使用，只要它是由一粒种子或一个小枝条长成的。此处表示由种子长大的，需用介词from。故填from。第二
25、部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAs part of our mission to inspire the next generation of scientists, inventors and engineers, the Science Museum Group (SMG) has launched an exciting new online gameTotal Darkness.Over the last year we have been devel
26、oping Total Darkness with the aim of creating an experience that can have a positive impact on peoples attitudes towards STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths), as well as having a focus on self-reflection, rather than asking players to recall specific facts or concepts.Total Darkness is
27、a digital storytelling experience which encourages young people to recognise how the skills they use every day relate to STEM and can help them develop their confidence in science thinking. The game invites the player to solve a mysterious power cut in their hometown. The game puts players in contro
28、l, allowing their choices and decisions to guide them through the story.As the player navigates through the darkened streets of the town, equipped only with a torch, they will face various challenges. Using their curiosity, communication skills and creative problem solving, they will discover new th
29、eories about what might have caused the blackout(停电；断电). But with every step their torch fades, and the player must solve the mystery before the battery runs out.The players choices and actions throughout the game will score them curiosity, creativity or communication points. At the end, the skills
30、the player has used will be revealed along with their science style, showing how they could put their skills into action in the real world.Total Darkness is aimed at 8-15 year-oldsan important stage in teens science development. Research shows that as teens make the step between primary and secondar
31、y, many move away from an interest in science as other influences have a stronger pull in their lives.Total Darkness is a free online game playable on smartphone, tablet and desktop. Play now at totaldarkness.sciencemuseum.org.uk.21. Total Darkness aims to help players _ .A. recall scientific concep
32、tsB better understand STEMC. improve storytelling abilitiesD. develop communication skills22. Whats the key to getting points in Total Darkness?A. Judgement. B. Teamwork.C. Equipment. D. Gaming skills.23. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To promote a new product.B. To introduce the SMGs mission.C. To explain the rules of an online
