1、英文文章 关于计划生育二孩政策教材China Adopts Universal Two-Child PolicyChina further relaxed its more than three-decade-oldfamily planning policy, according to a statement issued on Thursday by the Communist Party of China Central Committee.Roughly 90 million Chinese couples will become eligible to have a second c
2、hild.Its the latest move by the authorities to fine-tune the family planning policy, amid the nations changing demo-graphics, which could lead to potential labor shortages （潜在的劳动力短缺）in the future if not addressed.（处理）The statement said the countrys ageing trend（老龄化趋势） would be actively addressed by
3、the universal（普遍的）two-child policy, and that China would continue to stick to the family planning policy as a basic State interest.（国家利益）Yuan Xin, a population scientist at Nankai University in Tianjin, who sits on（开庭审理；成为的一员；旁听；列席） an expert panel （专家团）of the National Health and Family Planning Com
4、mission, said scrapping the family planning policy remained a long way off.The new initiative will be much better received among the Chinese people than the previous（以前的，先前的） policy relaxation and will help boost （推动，促进）Chinas labor supply in the long run, he said.In late 2013, the central governmen
5、t relaxed （放松，放宽）the family planning policy, allowing couples to have a second child in situations（在。情况下） where one spouse（夫妻，配偶） was an only child（独生子女）. As of June, only 1.5 million of the 11 million eligible couples（符合条件的配偶） had applied to （申请）have a second child.The latest change will affect rur
6、al families（农村家庭） most, as 60 percent of the newly eligible are rural people who tend to（倾向于） be more interested than city dwellers in having bigger families, Yuan said.Also, its more urgent for the eligible couples, he said, as 60 percent of them are 35 years or older.Yuan also suggested adding mor
7、e favorable （有利的，优惠的）socioeconomic policies to make it easier for couples to raise more children（养更多的孩子）. These primarily（首先，主要的） include improved reproductive（生殖的） and maternity care （生殖保健，孕妇保健）and easier access to infant nursing services（婴儿护理服务） and schooling, said a statement issued by the Nation
8、al Health and Family Planning Commission.The universal two-child policy came at the right time, as the population growth trend （人口增长趋势）has weakened and the size of the workforce （劳动力规模）is dwindling, the statement said. It will help reverse （倒退，逆转） the trend and sustain （维持）the nations economic growt
9、h.Official statistics show that Chinas potential workforcepeople aged 16 to 59peaked（达到高点） around 2011, and has been in decline （衰退中）since then. At the same time, the number of working people has been falling as a proportion of the total population.Last year, there were 916 million people between th
10、e ages of 16 and 59 in China, roughly（大体的） 66 percent of the entire population（全部人口）. That peaked at 74.5 percent in 2010 and has been falling since.At the same time, the ratio of children in the population has been dwindling, creating a potential future shortage of workers, said Mu Guangzong, a dem
11、ographics expert at Peking University.The looming（隐隐约约的；正在逼近的） labor shortage will upset（颠覆，扰乱） the sustainable socioeconomic development of the country, Mu warned. He suggested more aggressive approaches(有效的途径) to reverse the trend and fuel population growth.（促进人口增长）China should end limits on famil
12、y size thoroughly（彻底的）, and immediately implement （实施）a population revitalization （复兴）initiative to encourage reproduction, he said. Obstacles（障碍） to childbearing（生育） include rising nursing and education costs（教育成本）, more women in the workforce, late marriage and the increasing number of single adul
13、ts, experts said.aggressive gresvadj. 侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；有闯劲的网络释义Aggressive:侵略性 | 有进取心的 | 咄咄逼人fuel fjln. 燃料；刺激因素vt. 供以燃料，加燃料vi. 得到燃料网络释义Fuel:燃料 | 燃油 | 燃料obstacle bstk()ln. 障碍，干扰；妨害物网络释义Obstacle:障碍 | 障碍物 | 妨碍网络childbearing tal(d)bern. 分娩；生子网络释义childbearing:分娩 | 生孩子 | 生育revitalize ,ri:vaitlaizvt. 使复活；使复兴；
14、使恢复生气网络释义revitalize:复兴 | 新生 | 活化revitalization ri:,vaitlaizein, -liz-n. 复兴；复苏；新生网络释义Revitalization:重振 | 振兴 | 复兴implement mplm()ntvt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效n. 工具，器具；手段网络释义implement:实现 | 完成 | 贯彻thoroughly rliadv. 彻底地，完全地网络释义thoroughly:彻底地 | 摸底 | 十分地approach prtn. 方法；途径；接近vt. 接近；着手处理vi. 靠近网络释义approach:接近 | 方法 |
15、进场upset psetvt. 使心烦；颠覆；扰乱vi. 翻倒adj. 心烦的；混乱的；弄翻的n. 混乱；翻倒网络释义Upset:打乱 | 心烦 | 爆冷looming lumadj. 隐隐约约的；正在逼近的n. 上现蜃景；庞视；幽影v. 逼近；隐约可见（loom的ing形式）网络释义Looming:若隐若现 | 上现蜃景 | 隐现entire nta; en-adj. 全部的，整个的；全体的网络释义entire:全部的 | 整个的 | 完全的decline dklann. 下降；衰退；斜面vt. 谢绝；婉拒vi. 下降；衰落；谢绝网络释义decline:拒绝 | 下降 | 衰退in decl
16、ine:在衰退中 | 下降 | 处于衰退状态peak pikn. 山峰；最高点；顶点；帽舌adj. 最高的；最大值的vt. 使达到最高点；使竖起vi. 消瘦；到达最高点；变憔悴网络释义peak:山峰 | 峰值 | 最高的peaked piktv. 到达高点，消瘦，竖起（peak的过去式和过去分词形式）adj. 尖的；消瘦的；有遮檐的网络释义Peaked:尖形领 | 有遮檐的 | 消瘦的statistics sttstksn. 统计；统计学；统计 统计资料网络释义Statistics:统计 | 统计学 | 统计学official statistics:官方统计 | 政府统计 | 官方统计数据su
17、stain sstenvt. 维持；支撑，承担；忍受；供养；证实网络释义sustain:维持 | 支撑 | 保持reverse rvsvi. 倒退；逆叫vt. 颠倒；倒转n. 背面；相反；倒退；失败adj. 反面的；颠倒的；反身的网络释义REVERSE:背面 | 相反的 | 颠倒的dwindle dwnd()lvt. 使缩小，使减少vi. 减少；变小网络释义dwindle:缩小 | 日渐减少 | 减少demographics demgrfks人口统计学 | 人口统计特征 | 人口统计workforce wkfsn. 劳动力；工人总数，职工总数网络释义workforce:劳动力 | 职员总数 |
18、 工作人口weaken wik()nvt. 减少；使变弱；使变淡vi. 变弱；畏缩；变软弱网络释义Weaken:削弱 | 减弱 | 使变弱 infant nf()ntn. 婴儿；幼儿；未成年人adj. 婴儿的；幼稚的；初期的；未成年的网络释义infant:婴儿 | 幼儿 | 婴幼儿Nursing Services:护理工作 | 护理服务 | 护理工作reproductive ,riprdktvadj. 生殖的；再生的；复制的maternity mtntn. 母性，母道；妇产 妇产科医院adj. 产科的；产妇的，孕妇的maternity care:母性保健 | 妇产科护理学 | 保健primar
19、y pram()rn. 原色；最主要者adj. 主要的；初级的；基本的网络释义Primary:主星 (天文学) | 主要的 | 首要primarily pram()rl; pramer-adv. 首先；主要地，根本上网络释义primarily:主要地 | 首先 | 主要的raise more children 养孩子raise rez n. 高地；上升；加薪vt. 提高；筹集；养育；升起vi. 上升网络释义raise:举起 | 提高 | 筹集socioeconomic ss,iknmkadj. 社会经济学的favor fevn. 喜爱；欢心；好感vt. 赞成；喜欢；像；赐予；证实网络释义fav
20、or:恩惠 | 青睐 | 欢心favorable fevrbladj. 有利的；良好的；赞成的，赞许的；讨人喜欢的网络释义Favorable:有利 | 优惠的 | 赞成的newly njuladv. 最近；重新；以新的方式网络释义newly:新近 | 新上 | 刚刚percent psentn. 百分比，百分率；部分；百分数adv. 以百分之地adj. 百分之的网络释义PERCENT:百分之 | 百分比 | 百分数dweller dwln. 居民，居住者City Dwellers:都市人 | 城市居民 | 城镇居民rural family:农村家庭 | 农民家庭apply:应用 | 申请 |
21、运用Only child:独生子女 | 独生子女 | 独生子spouse spaz; -sn. 配偶vt. 和结婚网络释义spouse:配偶| 夫妻relax rlksvt. 放松；使休息；使松弛；缓和；使松懈vi. 放松，休息；松懈，松弛；变从容；休养网络释义Relax:放松 | 松弛 | 放宽previous privs policyadj. 以前的；早先的；过早的adv. 在先；在以前网络释义Previous:以前 | 先的 | 前一个boost bustn. 推动；帮助；宣扬vi. 宣扬；偷窃vt. 促进；增加；支援initiative ntv; -n. 主动权；首创精神adj. 主动
22、的；自发的；起始的网络释义Initiative:主动 | 主动性 | 首创精神National Health基本翻译n. 国民医疗服务制度网络释义 national health:国民医疗服务制度 | 全民健康 sit on开庭审理；成为的一员；旁听；列席网络释义sit on:压制 | 开会讨论 | 拖延panel pn()ln. 仪表板；嵌板；座谈小组，全体陪审员网络释义Panel:面板 | 平板 | 专家组expert panel专家小组；专家团state interest:国家利益universal junvs()ladj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的；全世界的；全体的n. 一般概念；普通性
23、网络释义UNIVERSAL:通用 | 环球 | 普遍的actively ktivliadv. 积极地；活跃地网络释义actively:积极地 | 活跃地 | 主动地Ageing trend 老龄化趋势ageing edn. 老化；变老，成熟adj. 变老的，老化的v. 变老（age的现在分词）网络释义ageing:老化 | 老化处理 | 时效addressed dresdadj. 处理；编址的；收信地址vt. 写信给（address的过去式及过去分词）potential ptenladj. 潜在的；可能的； n. 潜能；可能性；电 电势网络释义potential:潜在的 | 潜力 | 潜能fi
24、ne-tune faintju:nvt. 调整；使有规则；对进行微调authority rtn. 权威；权力；当局网络释义Authority:权威 | 职权 | 当局the authorities 当局网络释义the authorities:有关当局 | 当局eligible eldb()ln. 合格者；适任者；有资格者adj. 合格的，合适的；符合条件的；有资格当选的three-decade-oldfamily planning policy 三十年的计划生育政策rough rfn. 艰苦；高低不平的地面；未经加工的材料；粗糙的部分adj. 粗糙的；粗略的；粗野的；艰苦的；未经加工的vt.
25、使粗糙；粗暴对待；草拟adv. 粗糙地；粗略地；粗暴地vi. 举止粗野roughly rfladv. 粗糙地；概略地网络释义Roughly:大致 | 粗略地 | 概略地重要资料，可以直接用。Ever Changing, Improving: Chinas Family Planning （计划生育）PolicyChina has dropped（drop it停止，放弃） itsone-child policy, allowing all couples to have two children, an outcome of its continuous efforts to amend it
26、s family planning rules in light of the nations circumstances. In 1971, the State Council of China（国务院） issued a circular（通知） on the issue of family planning, and emphasized that family planning must be conducted.（管理，引导） The 4th Five-year Plan (1971-1975) formulated（规划，明确表达） the same year suggested
27、that having one (child) is okay; having two is desirable, but three is too many.Two years later, the 1st National Conference（全国性会议） on Family Planning introduced a policy on late marriage and childbirth, encouraging young men to marry after 25, while encouraging women to marry after 23 and start a f
28、amily after 24. Also, the policy indicated that a couple should have no more than two children and there should be an interval（间隔，区间） of at least three years between both births.In 1978, the 5th National Peoples Congress formulated （制定，规划）theConstitution（宪法） of the Peoples Republic of Chinaand for t
29、he first time made it a provision （条款；提供provide）for the nation to advocate（提倡，主张，拥护） and promote（促进） family planning.To control the countrys population and keep it within 1.2 billion by the end of the 20th century, the Central Committee（中央委员会） of the Communist Party of China (CPC)（中国共产党） issued mult
30、iple（许多，多重的） documents, calling upon couples, especially Party members and the Communist Youth League members, to have only one child.In the meantime, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council allowed rural （农村的）parents whose first child was a girl to have a second child, while strictly prohibiting any other unlawful（非法的，私生的） births.In September 2002, thePopulation and Family Planning Law of the Peoples Republic of Chinawent into effect （生效）and re
