1、备战最新精编 译林版 中考语法整合学案 第2课时冠词第2课时冠词中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词、定冠词以及零冠词的用法,题型以选择题为主。考查定冠词和不定冠词的区别;不定冠词重在考查学生对a和an的区分。预计2016年将会考查定冠词与零冠词和不定冠词混合型为主的选择题。冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)。一、 不定冠词的用法1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类。如:She is a girl. 她是一个女孩。Pass me an apple,please. 请给我一个苹果。2. 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:A boy is waiting for yo
2、u. 一个男孩在等你。We work six days a week. 我们一周工作六天。3. 表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. 我们明天将要上一节英语课。I have a mouth,a nose,two eyes and two ears. 我有一个嘴巴、一个鼻子、两只眼睛和两只耳朵。4. 用于某些固定的词组中,如:a few,a little,a lot of,have a rest,have a swim注:用a还是an,要看后面的单词的读音是以辅音开头还是以元音开头。二、
3、 定冠词的用法1. 用在谈话双方都知道所指人或物的名词前。如:There is none on the playground. 操场上没有人。Please close the window. 请把窗户关上。2. 在序数词前或在“定冠词+年份的阿拉伯数字+s”结构中,表示以“十年为一个单位”的年代。如:He lives on the first floor. 他住在二楼。They are going to show you clothes from the 1970s to the 1990s.今天他们要向你们展示20世纪70年代到90年代的服装。3. 用在表示乐器、报刊、杂志等名词前。如:He
4、 likes playing the piano. 他喜欢弹钢琴。I like playing the violin. 我爱拉小提琴。He likes reading the Peoples Daily. 他喜欢读人民日报。4. 用在被词组、短语或句子修饰的名词前,含有特指意义。如:The young man in sweater is my brother. 穿毛衣的那个人是我的哥哥。The old woman you saw just now is my granny. 你刚才见到的那个老太太是我的奶奶。5. 用在江河、湖海、山脉、建筑物、群岛、海峡等的专有名词前。如:The Changj
5、iang River is the third river in the world. 长江是世界第三大河。The West Lake is a good place to travel. 西湖是旅游的好去处。6. 用在名词化的形容词前,表示某一类人或物。如:the poor穷人;the rich有钱人;the young年轻人;the wounded伤员;the beautiful美丽的东西7. 用在表示方向/位的名词前。如:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳在东方升起,在西方落下。8. 用在形容词最高级前或在“the+比较级
6、,the+比较级”的结构中,表示“越越”。如:He is the tallest in our class. 他是我们班个子最高的。The busier she is,the happier she feels. 她越忙,越感到幸福。The better I know him,the more I learn from him. 我越了解他,向他学习的东西就越多。9. 用在单数名词前,表示一类人或物。如:The tree is a kind of plant. 树是一种植物。The tiger is a ferocious animal. 老虎是一种凶猛的动物。10. 用在固定搭配或习惯用语中
7、。如:in the morning在早晨/上午;by the way顺便说/问一下;look the same看起来一样/相同;in the end最后/终于;in the front of在的前部;in the middle of在的中间;the number of的数量三、 零冠词的用法1. 序数词前有物主代词等限定词时,不用定冠词。如:This is her second song. 这是她的第二首歌。2. 如果用序数词来表示街道时,前面一般不用定冠词。如:Turn left on First Avenue and enjoy the citys quiet street and sma
8、ll park. 从第一大道向左拐,享受城市中安静的街道和小公园的乐趣。3. 动词play与球类、棋牌类等的名词连用时中间不用定冠词。如:play basketball打篮球;play football踢足球;play chess下棋4. 专有名词(如国名、地名、节日)一般情况下不用定冠词。例如:What do you eat at Dragon Boat Festival?端午节你们通常吃什么?We eat rice dumpling. 我们吃粽子。Walk along South Road. Youll see Sunshine Town Railway Station on your r
9、ight.沿着南路走,在你的右边你就会看到阳光城火车站。【注意】完全由普通名词构成的专有名词或由普通名词+形容词/分词构成的专有名词前,一般情况下要加定冠词。但是表示公园、广场、车站等的专有名词前一般不加定冠词。如:the Reading Club阅读俱乐部;the Swimming Club游泳俱乐部;the Summer Palace 颐和园;the Palace Museum故宫博物院;the United Union联合国Can you tell me the way to Sunshine Town Railway Station from Sunshine Shopping Mal
10、l?你告诉我从向阳购物广场到阳光城火车站怎么走吗?5. 方位名词用来表示单纯的方向或方向之间的关系时,名词前不加冠词;如果这类词汇成对使用时,通常省略定冠词。如:Northwest is opposite southeast. 西北与东南相对。Our school is southwest of the post office.我们学校在邮局的西南。The house is 20 meters from east to west,and 15 meters from north to south. 这房子从东到西20米,南北15米。6. 最高级前有限定词(如物主代词等)时,不用定冠词。如:He
11、 is my best friend. 他是我最好的朋友。7. 泛指个体名词或抽象名词时,名词前不能加定冠词。如:They are listening to music. 他们在听音乐。There are no calories in water. 水里不含卡路里。They are students. 他们是学生。【注意】有的固定搭配或习惯用语中,使用和不用定冠词the意思相同。如:at least=at the least至少;turn left=turn to the left向左拐;on one hand.on the other hand=on the one hand.on the
12、other hand一方面,另一方面案例(2015江苏泰州11分)Lu Jialei,14,from Hangzhou Foreign Language School,won first place in the CCTV Chinese Character Spelling Contest(中国汉字听写大会).A. /;theB. a;the C. a;aD./;a【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。前面指的是杭州的一所外国语学校,而下句指的是赢得第一名,所以前面用不定冠词a;而下空用定冠词the来表示。【答案】 B例1名词前使用冠词的区分。(2015江苏扬州11分)Have you seen fi
13、lm Where are We Going,Dad?Yes,its interesting film!A. a;the B. the;anC. a;an D. the;the【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。因为上面是特指这部电影,用定冠词the;而下句指的是一部有趣的电影,又因为interesting是以元音音素开头的单词,所以这里用不定冠词an。【答案】 B例2定冠词和不定冠词的运用。(2015四川达州211分)Look!There is a monkey eating apple in the tree.En, monkey is very cute.A. a;a B. a;theC. an;
14、an D. an;the【解析】 本题考查冠词的用法。apple是以元音因素开头的单数名词,之前应该用不定冠词an;monkey是第二次提到,应该用定冠词。【答案】 D例3不定冠词an的用法。(2015山东滨州211分)Look!Whos boy over there?Oh,he is my cousin,Bob. He is honest boy.A. a;the B. the;aC. the;an D. a;an【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。句意:看!那边的那个男孩是谁?哦,是我堂弟鲍伯。他是一个诚实的孩子。定冠词the表示特指,那边的那个,而不是其他地方的那个。honest以元音音素开头,
15、故前面用an。【答案】 C例4不使用冠词的情况。(2015江苏模拟1分)Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.A. the;the B. 不填;不填C. the;不填 D. 不填;the【解析】 本题考查冠词的用法。be in the habit是固定搭配,有定冠词。第二空没有冠词,表泛指,没有指定哪个公共场所。【答案】 C例5习惯用法。(2015山东菏泽1分)Doing lots of listening practice is one of best ways of becoming
16、good language learner.A. the;the B. the;a C. 不填;a D. the;不填 【解析】 本题考查冠词的用法。因为one of+最高级是固定结构,所以前面的空格用the;而后面泛指要成为一个好的语言学习者,所以后面空格处用不定冠词a。【答案】 B1. (2015四川成都31)Im going to be basketball player.A. the B. a C. an2. (2015陕西1分)I had unusual day on my last school trip.A. a B. an C. / D. the 3. (2015甘肃白银1分)
17、Whats matter with you?I have toothache. A. a;the B. the;/ C. /;a D. the;a4. (2015浙江湖州1分)Who is young lady with curly blonde hair?A. a B. an C. the D. /5. (2015浙江温州1分)Cathy was very happy to meet old friend on the plane to Paris.A. a B. an C. the D. /6. (2015浙江温州1分)Whats the matter with you?I cant re
18、member where I parked car.A. a B. an C. the D. /7. (2015重庆C1分)I have English dictionary and it helps me a lot.A. a B. an C. the D. /8. (2015浙江丽水1分)Mr Smith has 8-year-old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填9. (2015浙江绍兴1分)My brother Fred woke up with bad headache
19、,yet by the evening the pain had gone.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 10. (2015浙江台州1分)What do you think of the new movie The Monkey King,Sally?Its funny one.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填11. (2015山东泰安1分)Is red bag under the table yours,Jean?No. I only have yellow bag. Maybe its Julias.A. a;the B. the;a C. a;a D. t
20、he;the 12. (2015山东威海1分)Mom,I like green T-shirt. Could you buy it for me?A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 13. (2015山东聊城1分)Daming,whats your dream?I want to be engineer some day. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填14. (2015山东潍坊1分)Reading can make you become expert and change your life.A. a B. an C. 不填 D. the 15. (2015贵州黔
21、西南1分)How was dinner at Mikes house?It was great. Mikes mum is wonderful cook.A. a;the B. the;a C. the;the D. a;an 16. (2015河南211分)What heavy rain it was!Yes,but I love air after it rains. It smells so fresh. A. the;a B. a;the C. the;the D. a;a 17. (2015重庆B1分)Jolin is famous singer. She has a lot of
22、fans.A. a B. an C. the D./18. (2015浙江杭州1分)My cousin went abroad at age of eighteen.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填19. (2015四川宜宾1分)I think English is useful language,and its also important language.A. an;a B. a;an C. an;the D. a;the 20. (2015内蒙古呼和浩特1分)Why did you laugh just now?Ted wanted to tell us very fun
23、ny story,but he forgot ending himself.A. a;an B. the;the C. the;a D. a;the21. (2015山东东营1分)“If you stop dropping litter,Ill kiss pig.” the head teacher promised the students at a school meeting.A. a B. an C. the D./22. usually go to church every Sunday.A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns2
24、3. The train is running fifty miles .A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour24. earth we live on is bigger than moon.A. The;a B. The;the C. An;a D. An;the25. Whats the matter with you?I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.A. a;/ B. a;the C. a;a D. the;the26. Do you know lady in blue?Yes. She
25、 is a teacher of a university.A. the B. a C. an D. /27. Wheres nearest supermarket?Its over there,just around the corner.A. a B. an C. the D. /28. The young man will work in school as a maths teacher.A. the B. a C. an D. /29. (2015天津211分)Mary,whos woman over there?Shes my aunt, English teacher.A. th
26、e;the B. a;the C. the;an D. a;an30. It was experience for her to live alone in this island.A. a B. an C. the D. /31. What good time we had having a picnic yesterday!A. a B. an C. / D. the32. (2015江苏镇江11分)We can live a better life if we create less polluted world. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填答案第2课时冠词15B B D C B610C B B A A1115B C B B B1620B A C B D2125 A D A B A2630 A C B C B3132A C
