1、届高考英语二轮专题复习名词性从句导学案名词性从句【考纲解读】1.了解名词性从句的基本用法;2.熟练掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在从句中的作用;3.what与that的区别；whether与if的区别；4. it作形式主语和形式宾语；5. that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。【预习导学】名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于_ 的从句，主要包括_、_、_和_。一、主语从句1引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether/if；连接代词what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why
2、, how, whenever等。_ they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。_ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。2主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：(1)Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertai
3、n等)that从句(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)that从句(3)Itbe过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)that从句(4)It不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等)that从句 _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。 _ our team
4、 has won the game.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。 _ the meeting will be put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。二、宾语从句1引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movi
5、e star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.(2015北京高考单选)我确信美来自内在。We must find out _ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.(2015重庆高考单选)我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。2it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find, feel, think, cons
6、ider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。He _ the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall _ he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。三、表语从句1引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词that
7、, whether；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达的。Id like to start my own business thats _ Id do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将
8、会做的事情。2as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等动词之后。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was _a great black blanket had been thrown over it.浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3because, why引导的表语从句because, why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause
9、 (该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：China is developing fast. _ I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.中国在飞速发展，这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。_ he didnt pass the exam _ he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。四、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。1常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：advice 建
10、议 conclusion 结论demand要求doubt 怀疑 fact 事实 hope 希望idea 主意 information 信息 message 消息news 消息 order 命令 possibility 可能性promise 诺言 question 问题 request 请求suggestion 建议 thought 想法 plan计划I made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。Is there an
11、y possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.你有可能到机场接我吗？没问题。2引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现：有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。She a
12、sked a question _ there was a delay.她问了发生延误的原因。I have no idea _ he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。名师指津在同位语从句中，that, whether不作句子成分。that无实义，whether意为“是否”，if一般不引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。【考点突破】考点1what和that引导的名词性从句1It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏，21)Awh
13、y Bwhat Cas Dthat2The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京，29)Awhat Bthat Cwhether Dwhy3A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ships are built for.(2015安徽，25)Awhat BwhomCwhy Dwhen4If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the
14、 water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015浙江，6)Awhat BwhoCthat Dwhoever5Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for _ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015陕西，19)Awhat BthatCwhy Dhow考点归纳1what引导名词性从句的五种用法：(1)表示“的东西或事情”：Theyve done what they can to help h
15、er.他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns.他赚多少，积蓄多少。(2)表示“的人或的样子”：He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子了。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？(3)表示“的数量或数目”：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。The number of the students in our school is ten times w
16、hat it was before liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。(4)表示“时间”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。The young girl was too frightened to speak，standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。(5)表示“的地方”：This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地
17、方。In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。2what 与that引导名词性从句时的区别：两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句。that 可引导同位语从句，但 what 通常不用于引导同位语从句；what 可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“所的”，而 that 仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，如果有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that可以省略，其余的不能省略)。He doesnt know what s
18、he likes.他不知道她喜欢什么。I believe (that) he will come to see us.我相信他会来看我们的。I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这儿。考点2同位语从句与定语从句的区别1The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津，11)Awhether BthatCwhich Dwhat2After investigation，the police found
19、out one clue _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.Awhere BwhenCthat Dwhose考点归纳1判断是同位语从句还是定语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位语从句)The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.T
20、he notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句)2在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：(should)动词原形。常见的名词有demand，request，advice，suggestion，order，plan，proposal等。The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted.在这里修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。考点3名词性从句中whether与if的比较1We have offered him the position，but I dont hav
21、e the slightest idea _ he will accept it.Ahow BifCwhether Dthat2It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.Awhether BwhenCwhich Dwhere考点归纳whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但与or或or not连用时只能用whether；从句作介词的宾语时只能用whether；在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。I aske
22、d the teacher whether/if it was true.我问老师这是否是真的。The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai.问题是汤姆是否到上海去了。The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed.这个问题是否正确还没讨论。It all depends on whether theyll help us.这完全取决于他们是否帮助我们。考点4when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句1We must find out _ Kar
23、l is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015重庆，8)Awhen BhowCwhere Dwhy2_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京，35)AWhere BHowCWhy DWhen3The exhibition tells us_we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015四川，8)Awhere BwhyCwhat Dwhich4_ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was
24、 born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015江苏，25)AThat BWhyCWhere DHow考点归纳连接副词指的是既具有副词的特点，同时又能引导从句的词，主要有when，where，how，why等。这些词在从句中既作特定的成分，又有具体的含义，不能省略。大多数连接副词表示疑问意义。When we shall meet again is unknown.我们何时才能再相见还不知道呢。(when引导主语从句，表示疑问)I dont know how I can get out of such trouble.我真不知道
25、如何才能摆脱这种困境。(how引导宾语从句，表示疑问)This is where the accident happened.这是事故发生的地方。(where引导表语从句，不表疑问)I have no idea why he left here.我不知道他为什么离开这里。(why引导同位语从句，表示疑问)考点5疑问词ever引导的名词性从句1Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.(2016北京，24)AHowever BWhoeverCWhatever DWherever2Some people believe _ h
26、as happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014北京，33)Awhatever BwheneverCwherever Dhowever考点归纳whichever，whatever，whoever引导名词性从句，它们本身有词义，既有连接从句的作用，又在从句中分别充当主语、宾语、定语成分，起强调作用，意思是“无论，不管”。The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者奖励。(宾语从句)I believe whatever he says.我相信
27、他所说的一切。(宾语从句)Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps.不论谁，要想达到一个远大的目标，就必须采取许多细小的步骤。(主语从句)【方法总结】方法1位置判断法根据名词性从句的句子特点及其所处的位置，判断出属于哪一种从句，从而确定连接词的种类，也有助于对句子的理解。What he said astonished us.他所说的话使我们很惊奇。(从句在主语位置，为主语从句)Everything depends on whether you have enough money.一切都看你是否有足够多的钱。
28、(从句在介词后，作介词的宾语，为宾语从句)The question is where well go this Sunday.问题是我们这个周日去哪儿。(从句在is后，为表语从句)He expressed the hope that he would come to China again.他表达了再来中国的愿望。(从句在抽象名词后，对名词进行解释说明，为同位语从句)(1)_ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.AWhether BWhatCThat DHow答案B解析句意为：一些人眼中的缺点是别人
29、眼中的优点。分析句子可知，_ some people regard as a drawback为主语从句，且从句中缺宾语，只能用what来引导；that引导主语从句不作成分。(2)One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.Athat BhowCwhat Dwhy答案A解析系动词is之后是一个表语从句，而从句的结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。方法2语序判断法一般来说，名词性从句中(当然不只是名词性从句，其他从句也是如此)，从句的语序要用陈述语序，这样也就很容易作答了。When changing lanes，a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _.Ahe is
