1、中考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨打印中考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨一、中考英语阅读题目的考查类型和解题技巧 中考英语阅读题目主要有以下四种类型,现将每一种类型的考查要点和解题技巧分析如下：1.主旨题（ To find out the main idea) 其目的是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。 解题技巧为：找主题句。 应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。主旨题常见题式为：1.Which is the best title of this passage?2.The main idea of this passage is_3.The passag
2、e mainly tells us：_例题1Happiness is for everyoneIn fact, happiness is always around you, if you put your heart into itHappiness is not the same as money, it is a feeling of your heartWhich of the following is this passage about?A.Bad luck B. Good luck C. Happiness D.Life（答案为C）例题2Its so crowded in Flo
3、rida! We had to wait a long time to go on the rides sometimes.The paragraph mainly tells us: A. Its so crowded in Florida. B. We had to wait a long time . (答案为A)2. 细节题( To look for details) 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。 解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。例题1：Peter started playing for the lo
4、cal club when he was only 10 years old in 1948. In 1970,he was in the team that won the World Cup for Brazil again. He finally stopped playing in1977.How many years did Peter play football?_(答案为29 years.抓住两个年份数字1977-1948)细节题中的难点常为此类问题：Which of the followingis True/Not True?这类题目要求从文中不同的地方挑出信息对事实进行判断。
5、选项之间没有联系。 解题技巧为：仔细回读相关信息。针对选项，逐个判断正误，1道等于3道。例题2It seems that everybody tells lies well, not big lies, but what we call “white lies” .Telling white lies isnt that bad. Most of the time ,people do it because they want to protect a friendship.( )Which of the following is not True? A. White lies are not
6、 big lies. B. In fact, everybody tells lies . C. People tell white lies to protect a friendship. D. White lies are harmful to friendship. （答案为D. 答题时要求对每个选项进行回读确认信息，然后判断。）3. 推断题（ To infer a conclusion) 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。 解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。常见题式：1）From the passage we
7、know that_2）From the passage we can infer(推断）that_ 注意：此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。如：The doctor gave my sister some medicine, but it did nothing to her.( )From this sentence know_. A. my sister didnt like this medicine B. my sister took the medicine C. the medicine made my sister sick D. my sister got better
8、 now （答案为B. 根据后半句的but it did nothing to her推断得出我姐姐吃了这个药。）4.猜测词义题( To guess the meaning) 猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。 解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。 常见题式如下：1）The word “” in the passage probably means_.2）What does the word “”mean_.3）The underlined(划线的) word means_例题3 Besides the usual classrooms and laboato
9、ries, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, borts, swimming pools, cinemas and theaters. The underlined word means _. A.教师 B. 设施 C. 活动 D. 课程二、书面回答问题的特点和解题误区 书面回答问题在设置问题时通常针对文中的5W和How即who, when, where, what, why,和how(how long, how far, how fast)
10、。基本属于细节题，能在原文中找到。通常最后一个问题属于开放性题目。做这种题目时，必须看懂有关内容及前因后果，因为开放性题目的答案可以有许多，只要言之有理，都能得分。书面回答问题时，必须指导学生了解不同问题类型的回答方式，如一般疑问句用yes/no回答，选择疑问句不能用yes/no回答等。在书面回答时还要注意文字的书写，意思表述的简单明了，单词的大小写、名词的单复数、动词的人称、时态、语态等。在平时教学中， 经常发现学生能看懂文章， 也能正确地找出原文中的句子，但在书面回答时却出错，这是很可惜的。现在我来分析一下回答问题存在的几个误区和产生的原因，期望通过分析后能帮助学生提高回答问题的得分率。回
11、答问题解题误区1: 回答不完整例1. Where do the writer and his grandpa go every Saturday?回答：The nursing home. (文中原句为：Every Saturday, Grandpa and I walk to the nursing home to )正确答案为：To the nursing home例2. Where was the exhibition held?回答： A hall. (文中原句为:He hired(租用) a hall.)正确答案为：In a hall 解题技巧点拨: Where =介词+地方例3. H
12、ow many sheep are coming?回答： Two hundred. (文中原句为: There were about two hundred sheep coming towards us down the hill.) 解题技巧点拨: 数字前的修饰词，如more than, less than, almost, nearly, about等一定不能忘例4. How long has he stayed in Beijing?回答：Ten days. （正确答案为：For ten days）对比：5. How long did it take Mr. Smith to reac
13、h the ground floor one morning?回答：For almost 10 minutes.(文中原句为:All this took him almost 10 minutes.) 正确答案为：Almost 10 minutes. 解题技巧点拨: How long 应用“for+一段时间 ”来回答，但在“it takes sb. some time to do sth.” 这个句型中是没有”for”的。回答问题解题误区2:时态错误例1. What did you think of the holiday?回答：Its terrible. 正确答案为：It was terri
14、ble.例2What do you think of Tom?(故事发生在过去)回答：He is kind. 正确答案为：He was kind. 解题技巧点拨: 回答问题时看清楚问题的时态是很重要的。回答问题解题误区3:句法（人称）错误例1. What did Robert and John want James to do? (文中原句为: “ What you have to do is to give us the car keys.” Robert and Adam said to James.)回答：They wanted to give us the car keys.正确回答：
15、They wanted James/him to give them the car keys. 解题技巧点拨: : 人称转换是回答问题中容易忽视的环节。六、提高阅读能力的其他必备条件 阅读能力的提高不是一朝一夕的事，除了掌握一定的阅读技巧之外，词汇量起着决定性的作用。因此，我们要不断扩大词汇量，学会利用词缀来猜测词义。另外，我们还要扩大知识面，增加背景知识。背景知识材料多样，包括天文地理、风土人情、政治历史、人物传略、科学技术等等。一旦对文章有了背景知识，就会提高我们对文章的理解能力。词汇题解题技巧 词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里，不需要考生查找所考查内容。它可以考一个单词的含义，一
16、个词组的意思，或者考一个句子的弦外之音。词汇题常见提问方式如下： The word “accentuate” (Line 4, Para.3) most probably means _. What is the meaning of ?The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para.4) refers to _. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “_”. The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para3) is closest in
17、meaning to “_”. By “white elephant” the author refers to _.实例讲解：原文：This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.题目：60. “Shadowland” in the last sentence refers to_ . A) the wonderland one often dreams aboutB) the bright future that one is looking forward toC) the
18、state of uncertainty before ones final goal is reachedD) a world that exists only in ones imagination 此题可以利用并列关系来求解。首先，and后面的句子告诉我们“任何有梦想的人必须要学会在那里生活”，这暗含了“那里”不好的环境。再从and可知，两个分句的逻辑是一致的，据此Shadowland也应该是不利的环境，故选择C项。 考句子含义的，如果句子简单，一般在上下文中寻找答案；如果句子复杂，则更加倾向于在句子内部找答案。下面介绍一些常用的根据上下文猜测词义的技巧。 第一，针对性解释。针对性解释是
19、作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。对术语下定义的句子往往出现在段首，也是主题句。有时整个段落、甚至整篇文章都围绕这一定义展开。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，因而，借助作者的定义或释义推断词义是最直接的办法。这1根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。2.根据复述猜测词义1) 同位语Semantics, the study of the meanin
20、g of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。2) 定语从句Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is s
21、hort for seasonal affective disorder和同位语syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。3. 根据举例猜测词义例如：There is little furniture in the room. For example, there is no TV set, no fridge, no electric fan. There is even no desk in it. There is only a bed and a chair and p
22、iles of books on the floor.可通过下文的列举，猜出furniture是“家具”。 第二，内在逻辑关系。1. 根据对比关系猜测词义。例如：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast，（相对照的，相对比的）可以提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest（谦卑又谦虚）是对比关系。分析出这
23、种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。2. 根据比较关系猜测词义 例如：Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。3. 根据因果关系猜测词义例如：Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking t
24、he opinions of others.根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。4. 根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义为使自己的意思表达得更清楚，作者通常用其同义词或近义词来解释难词。 例如：1.Mother was tall, fat and middle -aged. The principal of the school was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.作者把学校校长和他的母亲相比，母亲是胖的，根据as.as结构可推知plump和fat为近义词，也是肥胖之意
25、。2.All the members are of the same opinions. They are unanimous.用the same opinion 理解unanimous，意思为“一致同意的”。同义词或近义词标志词有or, like, as.as, the same as 等，可根据已知词推断出生词词义。第三，外部相关因素。运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：Husband：its really cold out tonight. Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the fu
26、rnace? 根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。 第四，构词法知识。1. 根据前缀猜测词义。 例如：He fell into a ditch（沟） and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.根据词根conscious（清醒的，有意识的），结合前缀semi（半，部分的，不完全的），我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。 2. 根据后缀猜测词义 例如：Insecticide is applied where it is needed.后缀-cide表示“杀者，杀灭剂”，结合大家熟悉的词根ins
27、ect（昆虫），不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。 3. 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义 例如：Bullfight is very popular in Spain.Bull（公牛）和fight（打，搏斗）结合在一起，指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动斗牛。英语阅读中词义猜测的方法和技巧一、巧借生词本身在英语文章中，一些人名、地名、节日等专有名词不影响理解，对它们可就词论词，不必猜测词义。例如： 1.The largest spider in the world is the goliathtarantula. 由下文知the goliathtarantula 是世界上最大的蜘蛛的名字，
28、至于汉语怎么说则不必深究，不妨直接称之为the goliathtarantula。2.Held on a farm, the Glastonbury festival is the most well -known and popular in the United Kingdom. 由festival可知Glastonbury只是英国一个节日的名称而已。对于类似表示专有事物名称的词，阅读时只需了解它是哪类事物即可，不必翻译。再如：Naruto is a story about.，只需知道Naruto是一个故事即可；从Cooper, an American geologist（地质学家）中可知
29、Cooper是一个地质学家的名字。二、巧用上下文信息在阅读中，可根据上下文的语境暗示，运用逻辑推理来猜测生词词义。例如：（1）He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal, he will not give up easily. 作者用含有once引导的主从复合句，描述了“他”的个性：一旦树立目标， 就不会放弃。因此可推出resolute应为“坚决的， 有决心的”之意。（2）The female（女性的）mosquito（蚊子） is a vampire and lives on blood. 从下文lives on blood可知vampire 词
30、义为“吸血昆虫”。三、利用同义词或近义词为使自己的意思表达得更清楚，作者通常用其同义词或近义词来解释难词。例如：1.Be punctual when you are going to a party. Never be late.文中punctual一词的含义，可通过上下文间的逻辑关系判定late为其反义词，既而猜出其意为“准时的”。2.All the members are of the same opinions. They are unanimous.用the same opinion 理解unanimous，意思为“一致同意的”。同义词或近义词标志词有or, like, as.as,
31、the same as 等，可根据已知词推断出生词词义。3.You must stop dreaming and face reality.通过上文的dreaming，可以猜出reality是“现实”。4.I like making friends with anybody. I hate making opponents.通过上文的friends，可以猜出opponents是“敌人，对手”。四、运用定义或释义阅读中会遇到一些不熟悉的术语。为帮助读者理解，作者常用一个句子或一个段落来说明其内涵。对术语下定义的句子往往出现在段首，也是主题句。有时整个段落、甚至整篇文章都围绕这一定义展开。因而，借助作者的定义或释义推断词义是最直接的办法。用来表示定义或释义的提示语有：mean, refer to, be define
