1、高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题二无提示词填空第五讲名词性从句讲义新人教版2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题二无提示词填空第五讲名词性从句讲义新人教版12017天津高考She asked me_I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.答案：whether/if分析句子结构可知，设空处应用连词引导后面的句子作asked的宾语。结合句意可知，连词表示“是否”的含义，故填whether/if均可。22017北京高考Jane moved aimlessly down th
2、e treelined street, not knowing _ she was heading.答案：where根据句意和句子结构可知，设空处引导其后的句子作分词knowing的宾语，宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词where。32016北京高考Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.答案：Whatever由谓语为helps可判断其前的“_ you can do”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为Whatever(相当于Anything that)。句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你做的任何事情
3、都有帮助。42016北京高考The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.答案：that“_ one can be entirely free from dust”为表语从句，该从句中不缺少成分，意思完整，故用that引导该表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情就是人们可以完全免受尘土的影响。52016天津高考The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too muc
4、h work to do.答案：that“_ we should have an assistant”具体说明suggestion的内容，因而为同位语从句，用that引导。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。62016江苏高考It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.答案：that本句中it为形式主语，“_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”为真正的主语，该从句结构意思完整，故由that引导。72015福建高考I
5、wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.答案：how由句子结构可知，wonder后为宾语从句。由答语内容可知，宾语从句用how引导，how在宾语从句中作方式状语。82015湖南高考You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.答案：where由句子结构可知，“_ youre going”为从句作know的宾语，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。920
6、15陕西高考Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for_ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.答案：what设空处引导后面的句子作介词for的宾语，而宾语从句中缺少动词achieved的宾语，表示“的事情(东西)”，故填what。102015重庆高考We must find out_Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案：when由句子结构可知，“_Karl is coming”为动词短语find out的宾语从句，由句意可知，从句
7、中缺状语，意为“何时”，故填when。Part 语篇真题演练阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2015全国卷The adobe dwellings (土坯房)_61_ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even_62_ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is
8、their_63_ (able) to “air condition” a house without _64_ (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _65_ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold e
9、nough _66_ (cool) the house during the hot day; _67_ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _68_ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As _69_ (nature) architects,
10、 the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _70_ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.61_62._63._64._65_66._67._68._69_70._Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是美国普韦布洛印第安人所建土坯房独特的调节室温的特点。Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。61built考查非谓语动词。空格所在句中are admired是谓语，故此处应用非谓语形式。位于名词之后，且两者为被动关系，故可知答案。62t
11、he考查冠词。“_ most modern”表示最高级含义，故填定冠词the。63ability考查词性转换。根据空格前的is和形容词性物主代词，可推知此处应用所给词的名词单数形式。64using考查非谓语动词。空格位于介词之后，应填动名词形式。65slowly考查词性转换。此处修饰give out，表示慢慢地释放，故填副词。66to_cool考查固定句式。enough to do sth.为惯用法，引导结果状语，意为“足够可以”。67at考查固定短语。at the same time “同时”。68goes考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，此处填谓语。描述的是客观现象和事实，用一般
12、现在时，且主语为单数概念，应用第三人称单数形式。69natural考查词性转换。修饰名词应用形容词。70how考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导从句作figured out的宾语。由形容词thick及从句语义可知，此处应填连接副词，既连接主从句，又修饰形容词thick，意为“多么”，表示程度。Step 3：代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)各种名词性从句的结构特点；(2)常用连接代词及连接副词的运用条件；(3)对于what/that/whatever/whether/if等引导的易混名词性从句的掌握；(4)it在名词性从句中作形式主语和形式宾语的用法
13、；(5)that的省略情况以及各从句的时态与语序问题。学情分析考生在学习从句的过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)对句子结构分析不清，对各种从句类型无法准确判断；(2)不熟悉引导词在从句中的使用情况，更谈不上准确运用，例如what与which，what与whatever等；(3)混用名词性从句与定语从句中的引导词，比如关系代词that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，而在名词性从句中that不作任何成分，只起连接作用；(4)由于对从句中的语序及时态意识淡薄，而造成一些不必要的错误。考点1名词性从句的不同类型及其结构分析下列例句，归纳各名词性从句的结构。1主语从句That you are comi
14、ng to London is the best news I have heard this long time.长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。What matters most in learning English is enough practice.学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.其他人怎么看你不关你的事，要相信你自己。It is obvious to the students that they should ge
15、t well prepared for their future.显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。归纳：主语从句的结构：(1)连接词主语谓语其他主句谓语其他。(2)It(形式主语)主句谓语其他连接词主语谓语其他。2宾语从句Im afraid (that) I cant accept your invitation.恐怕我不能接受你的邀请。Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆除了有时上学迟到外，是个很不错的男孩。I find it necessary that we should spend
16、more time practising spoken English.我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。I dont think that you should go abroad in the future.我认为你将来不应该出国。归纳：宾语从句的结构：(1)及物动词(短语)/介词连接词主语谓语其他。(2)及物动词it宾补连接词主语谓语其他。(3)表示情感的形容词连接词主语谓语其他。3表语从句My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。The las
17、t time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.我们上次玩得很快乐是我们在游览水上公园的时候。As is known to us, China is no longer what she used to be.众所周知，中国再也不是从前的中国了。One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.她偏爱城市生活的一个原因是她可以很方便地去像
18、商店和饭店这样的地方。归纳：表语从句的结构：系动词连接词主语谓语其他。4同位语从句We should consider the students request that the school library provide more books on popular science.我们应该考虑学生们的要求，即学校图书馆应该提供更多的大众科学方面的书籍。The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决。I have no idea when he wil
19、l come back.我不知道他将何时回来。I made a promise to myself that this year, my third year in Senior school, would be different.我向自己保证：今年我高中的第三年将会是不同的一年。归纳：同位语从句的结构：名词连接词主语谓语其他。注意：不难发现，同位语从句的结构与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的名词的内容作进一步地解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限定。同位语从句常放在feeling， news， doubt， problem， promise， idea等抽象名词后，
20、而定语从句不受此限制。对比以下例句，辨别其为何种从句：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。句为同位语从句；句为定语从句。考点2名词性从句连接词的选择名词性从句的常见连接词有：that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, wh
21、oever, whomever, when, where, why, how, how many, how much等，根据其在从句中的功能可分为三类：1从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接词：what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever)，前两组指事物，后两组指人，通常情况下，which是在语境中提供了范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what(ever)What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。(主语从句，what作从句主语)The
22、 employers often give the job to whoever they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty.雇主们经常会把工作给他们认为有工作经验并且有强烈责任感的人。(宾语从句，whoever作从句主语)典题12018广东揭阳模拟The ant stopped to see _ had bit him, and the dove immediately flew away.答案what根据句子结构可知，从句作see的宾语，且从句中缺少主语。根据句意填what。典题2Henry, can you g
23、o to the concert tonight?Im afraid I cant. I will give the ticket to _ wants to enjoy it.答案whoever分析句子结构可知，介词to后为宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语。结合语义可知，此处表示无论是谁或任何一个想去欣赏的人。故填whoever。2从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少状语等成分，此时则用when, where, why, how, whether/if, how many/much等带有语义的连接词Some students even have no idea of why they are stud
24、ying, so they waste much time playing.一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。(宾语从句，缺语义，连接词作状语)It is obvious that people hold different opinions about whether voluntary services should be financially rewarded.很明显，人们对志愿者服务是否应该有经济奖励持不同观点。(宾语从句，不缺成分，缺语义)What is concerning us greatly is when the workers held up in
25、 that area yesterday will be set free. 使我们非常担心的是昨天在该区域被劫持的工人们什么时候将被释放。(表语从句，缺语义，连接词作状语)典题32018河南洛阳统考Since I was a child, I have wanted to be an author. That is _ I studied OnlineJournalism with focus on OnlinePublic Relations for the last three years.答案why根据从句在系动词之后可知，从句为表语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语。结合语义可知填why来解
26、释原因。典题4Passion is passion and it doesnt matter _ its directed. Exactly, it can be coins or sports or politics.答案where分析句子结构可知，第一个it为形式主语，设空处引导的从句是真正主语，且从句中不缺主语和宾语。结合语义及下一句内容可知，coins, sports和politics为不同的方面或者说方向，因而主语从句表述“激情被导向何处”。故答案填where。3从句中既不缺少成分，又语义完整，则用连接词thatIt is decided that the meeting has b
27、een put off till next Monday.已经决定会议推迟到下周一。 (主语从句，不缺成分和语义)He gave me a suggestion that I should practise speaking English in class. 他建议我课上练习说英语。(同位语从句，不缺成分和语义)典题52017南京盐城模拟After investigation, the police found out one clue _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.答案t
28、hat分析句子可知，从句对clue进行解释，且从句中不缺少成分，也不缺语义，故填that。典题62018福建福州模拟_ we do with little kids today will matter in 20 years.答案What整个句子的谓语部分是will matter，说明前面是一个主语从句，再分析主语从句中缺少do的宾语，故填What。考点3whether与if的用法1表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导不用if；当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意
29、义的or时必须用whetherWhether the meeting will be held is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)The problem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)是否要开会仍然是个问题。It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。(主语从句放于句末)2whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引
30、语中两者可以互换使用，但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定区别(1)在及物动词后()I dont care whether he doesnt come.(whether从句中不能用否定式)()I dont care whether he comes or not.()I dont care whether or not he comes.()I dont care if or not he comes.(if不与or not连用)我不关心他是否来。()I dont know whether to go there.我不知道是否去那儿。(2)在介词后在介词后常用whether，不用if。It depends on whether you can do the work well.那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。典题72018四川雅安重点中学月考What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious illne
