1、小度写范文专业英语课后题答案 徐鹿专业英语答案模板【专业英语课后题答案】 徐鹿专业英语答案Unit 1 The Fundamentals of Computers1.1 The Varieties of Computers III. Translating. 1. Original : Primary storage, or memory, is the internal computer circuitry thattemporarily holds data waiting to be processed. Secondary storage, simply calledstorage,
2、refers to the devices and media that store data or informationpermanently. Translation : 一级存储，或称内存，是临时保存等待被处理数据的计算机内部电路。而二级存储，简称存储器，是指那些永久性存储数据或信息的设备和介质。 2. Original : A biological nanocomputer, which would be made of DNA andcould fit into a single human cell, would use DNA as its software and enzym
3、es asits hardware; its molecular-sized circuits would be viewable only through amicroscope. Translation : 由DNA 制成并能放置在一个单独的人体细胞中的生物学纳米计算机会利用DNA 作为它的软件，酶作为它的硬件；其具有分子大小尺寸的电路将只有通过显微镜才能够看见。1.2 The History of Computers III. Translating. 1. Original : This introduction pought about the first real signs of
4、 competitionwithin computing history, which helped to spur faster and better development ofcomputers. Translation : 这一引入带来了计算历史中可谓第一个真正的竞争标志，有助于刺激计算机更快 更好的发展。 2. Original : While expensive, these machines started the trend for computerswithin common households. Translation : 虽然昂贵，但是这些机器开启了计算机在普通家庭中使
5、用的趋势。Unit 2 Computer Hardware1.1 Computer Motherboard III. Translating. 1. Original : A 2003 study found that some spurious computer crashes andgeneral reliability issues, ranging from screen image distortions to I/O read/writeerrors, can be attributed not to software or peripheral hardware but to a
6、gingcapacitors on PC motherboards. Translation : 2003年的一个研究发现，一些伪劣的计算机损毁和常规可靠性的问题，从屏幕图像失真到输入/输出读写错误，并不是由于软件或外围硬件引起的，而是由于PC 机主板上老化的电容器造成的。 2. Original : At power-up the central processor would load its program counterwith the address of the boot ROM and start executing ROM instructionsdisplaying syst
7、em information on the screen and running memory checks. Translation :启动之后，中央处理器将加载记录着引导ROM 地址的程序计数器，并开始执行ROM 指令，此时在屏幕上显示系统信息并运行内存检查。1.2 Multi-core Processors III. Translating. 1. Original : This all assumes however that the software has been designed totake advantage of available parallelism. If it
8、hasnt, there will not be any speedupat all. Translation :无论如何，这都要假定软件设计时已经利用了可行的并行性的优势。如果没有这样的设计，则加速根本不可能。 2. Original : It would be possible for an application that used two CPUs to end uprunning faster on one dual-core if communication between the CPUs was thelimiting factor, which would count as
9、more than 100% improvement. Translation :如果CPU 之间的通信是限制因素，那么对于一个使用两个CPU的应用程序来说，在一台双核计算机上可能会运行得更快，甚至可以认为是大于100%的改进。Unit 3 Computer Software1.1 Microsoft Visual Studio III. Translating. 1. Original : Microsoft Visual Studio can be used to develop console andGraphical User Interface applications along
10、with Windows Forms applications,Websites, Web applications, and Web services in both native code as well asmanaged code for all platforms supported by Microsoft Windows, WindowsMobile, .NET Framework, .NET Compact Framework and Microsoft Silverlight. Translation : Microsoft Visual Studio 能够使用本机代码和托管
11、代码，为Microsoft Windows 、Windows Mobile 、.NET Framework 、.NET CompactFramework 以及Microsoft Silverlight所支持的所有平台开发控制台和图形用户界面应用程序，以及Windows 窗体应用程序、网站、Web 应用程序和Web服务。 2. Original : Support for other languages such as Chrome, F#, Python, and Rubyamong others has been made available via language services wh
12、ich are to beinstalled separately. Translation :对其他语言（如其中的Chrome, F#, Python, Ruby ）的支持通过单独安装的语言服务已经可用。1.2 Google Earth III. Translating. 1. Original : Google Earth maps the earth by the superimposition of imagesobtained from satellite imagery, aerial photography and GIS 3D globe. Translation : Goog
13、le Earth通过从卫星影像、航空摄影和GIS 三维地球获得的图像的叠印绘制了地球。 2. Original : Finally, empirical research has shown that while Google does allowpeople to opt-out from personal listings, a vast majority of people can still begeographically located using phone numbers. Translation :最后，经验性研究显示，尽管Google 公司允许人们不再使用个人列表，但使用电
14、话号码仍可在地理上指出绝大多数人的位置。Unit 4 Operating System1.1 Windows Vista III. Translating. 1. Original : In conjunction with SuperFetch, an automatic built-in WindowsDisk Defragmenter makes sure that those applications are strategically positionedon the hard disk where they can be loaded into memory very quickl
15、y with theleast amount of physical movement of the hard disks read-write heads. Translation :与SuperFetch 结合，自动的内置Windows 磁盘碎片整理程序可确保那些应用程序被策略性地保存在硬盘上，从而使用最少的硬盘读写头的物理移动量就能够非常快速地将那些应用程序加载到内存中。 2. Original : The Heap Manager implements additional features such as integritychecking in order to improve r
16、obustness and defend against buffer overflowsecurity exploits, although this comes at the price of peaking backwardcompatibility with some legacy applications. Translation :堆管理器实现了一些额外的特性，例如为了改进健壮性并免于缓冲区溢出安全漏洞的完整性检查，但是这样做也付出了代价，破坏了对一些遗留应用程序的向后兼容性。1.2 Linux III. Translating. 1. Original : However, gi
17、ven that the software licenses explicitly permitredistribution, this provides a basis for larger scale projects that collect thesoftware produced by stand-alone projects and make it available all at once in theform of a Linux distribution. Translation :但是，假如软件许可证可明确准许重新销售版本，那么这就为收集由独立项目编写的软件的大规模项目提供
18、了基础，并使得其可以以Linux 销售版本的形式立即获得。 2. Original:The distinction between the Linux kernel and distributions based onit plus the GNU system is a source of confusion to many newcomers, and thenaming remains controversial, as manylarge Linux distributions (e.g. Ubuntu andSuSE Linux) are simply using the Linux
19、 name. rather than GNU/Linux.Translation :Linux内核与基于它并采用GNU 系统的销售版本之间的区别对许多新手来说容易引起混淆，而且命名仍然有争议，因为许多大型的Linux销售版本（例如：Ubuntu 和SuSE Linux ）正在简单地使用Linux 的名字，而不是GNU/Linux。Unit 5 Computer Programming1.1 Object-Oriented Programming III. Translating. 1. Original : Object-oriented programming was deployed in
20、 part as an attempt toaddress this problem by strongly emphasizing discrete units of programminglogic and re-usability in software. Translation :面向对象程序设计的使用，在某种程度上通过强有力地加强程序设计逻辑的离散单元和软件中的可重用性来尝试处理这个问题。 2. Original : In the past decade Java has emerged in wide use partially because ofits similarity t
21、o C and to C+, but perhaps more importantly because of itsimplementation using a virtual machine that is intended to run code unchangedon many different platforms. Translation :在过去十年中，Java 已经被广泛使用，部分原因是在于其与C和C+的相似之处，然而或许更重要的是由于Java 采用虚拟机实现，虚拟机是为在许多不同平台上运行无需修改的代码而设计的。1.2 Introduction to the C# Langua
22、ge and the .NET Framework III. Translating. 1. Original : C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enablesdevelopers to build a wide range of secure and robust applications that run onthe .NET Framework. Translation :C#是一种简洁的、类型安全的面向对象语言，它能使开发者构建很多在.NET Framework上运行的安全健壮的应用程序。 2.
23、 Original: The IL code, along with resources such as bitmaps and strings, isstored on disk in an executable file called an assembly, typically with anextension of .exe or .dll. Translation : IL代码与位图、串等资源一起存储在磁盘上的一个被称为程序集的可执行文件中，通常具有.exe 或.dll 的文件后缀。Unit 6 Databases1.1 Distributed Database III. Trans
24、lating. 1. Original : A distributed database is a database that is under the control of acentral database management system (DBMS) in which storage devices are notall attached to a common CPU. Translation :分布式数据库是在一个中央数据库管理系统控制下的数据库，在中央数据库管理系统中，存储设备不是都附着在一个普通的CPU 上。 2. Original : Data is located nea
25、r the site of greatest demand, and the databasesystems themselves are parallelized, allowing load on the databases to bebalanced among servers. Translation :数据位于大量需求处附近，而且数据库系统本身是并行的，允许数据库上的负载在服务器之间保持平衡。1.2 Microsoft SQL Server III. Translating. 1. Original : For changes that are made to the data in
26、 buffer, SQLOS writes thedata back to the disc lazily, that is when the disc subsystem is either free, or therehave been significant numbers of changes made to the cache, while still servingrequests from the cache. Translation :对于那些对缓冲器中数据所做的更改，SQLOS 将数据慢吞吞地写回磁盘，也就是在磁盘子系统空闲或者已有大量对高速缓存的更改时，仍然为来自高速缓存的
27、请求提供服务。 2. Original: SQL queries specify what data to retrieve, and the query processoroptimizes and translates the query into the sequence of operations needed toretrieve the data. Translation : SQL查询语句会指定要检索什么数据，并且查询处理器会将查询语句优化并翻译成为检索数据所需的操作序列。Unit 7 Computer Network1.1 Ethernet III. Translating.
28、1. Original : Ethernet defines a number of wiring and signaling standards for thephysical layer, through means of network access at the Media Access Control(MAC)/Data Link Layer, and a common addressing format. Translation :通过在介质访问控制/数据链路层的网络访问方法和一种公共寻址格式，Ethernet 为物理层定义了大量连线和发送信号的标准。 2. Original :
29、Adapters generally come programmed with a globally uniqueaddress, but this can be overridden, either to avoid an address change when anadapter is replaced, or to use locally administered addresses. Translation :适配器通常被设计为具有一个全球唯一地址，但这个地址是可以被取消的，这是为了避免当一个适配器被替换掉时其地址的变化，或者为了使用本地管理的地址。1.2 Wi-Fi III. Tra
30、nslating. 1. Original : The coverage of one or more interconnected access points called a hotspot can comprise an area as small as a single room withwireless-opaque walls or as large as many square miles covered by overlappingaccess points Translation :一个或多个互相连接的访问点的覆盖称为热点可以由一个很小的区域构成，比如一个具有无线屏蔽墙的单独
31、房间；也可以由一个很大的区域构成，比如被重叠访问点覆盖的许多平方英里的范围。 2. Original: Routers which incorporate a DSL-modem or a cable-modem and aWi-Fi access point, often set up in homes and other premises, provideInternet-access and internetworking to all devices connected (wirelessly or bycable) to them. Translation :将DSL 调制解调器或电缆调制解调器与Wi-Fi 访问点结合的路由器，通常安装在家庭住宅和其他建筑物中，能为所有连接（无线或通过电缆）到它们的设备提供因特网访问和网络互联。Unit 8 The Internet1.1 Grid Computing III. Translating. 1. Original : Grid computing is a form of distributed computing whe
