1、现在完成时和现在完成进行时比较现在完成时和现在完成进行时比较现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较及练习(现在完成时和现在完成进行时)现在完成时一、现在完成时的意义及其构成：现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态, 其结果的影响现在还存在; 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词二、通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：1、表示过去发生的事对现在仍有影响。The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy(Justin在过去失踪，但Kelly至今仍旧为他的失踪感到不高兴)2、表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现
2、在。I havent seen Justin since last Friday night(从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见到过3、表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要。The boy has already come home(男孩已经回家，但没有指出何时回家)4、表示刚结束的动作。The police have just finished searching the area(警方刚结束对该地区的搜查)5、表示反复发生的动作。Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times(村民们曾多次看到UFO)三、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语1、
3、 表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响，动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束，一般可用already(用于肯定句或疑问句)、yet(用于否定句或疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately never等。除此之外，before也可用于现在完成时。The boy has already come home男孩已经来家了。I havent heard anything from him yet/ recentlylately.近来，我没收到他的任何信件。The police have just finished searching the area警方已经结束对这个地区的搜查。Ive m
4、et the old man somewhere before我以前在某个地方见过那位老人。2、 表示动作从过去开始，并一直延续到现在，一般可用forsince短语或由since引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语，在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语，或表示过去时间的状语从句。We havent seen him for two yearssince 2002我两年没见到他了/自从2002年以来就没见过他。We havent seen him since he left Nanjing自从他离开南京我们就一直没见到过他。3、 表示反复发生的动作，一般可用数词+time
5、s、recently和lately等。Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times/ recently/lately一些村民说他们多次/近来看到飞碟。四、用于现在完成时的句型：1) It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分, 用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。It was the third time that the boy h
6、ad been late. 这是男孩第三次迟到了。2) sb./ sth. + be + 形容词最高级+ that结构, that从句要用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。You are the most creative man that I have ever met. 你是我遇到过的人中最有创造性的一位。3) since 引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：It has been/ is a long time sin
7、ce I last came to the city. 自从我上次到城里来，已经有好长一段时间了。I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I have been there ever since.我是在那个学校开始我的教书生涯。那是二十多年前的事了，从那时起我一直就在那儿。注意: 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。(错) I have received his letter for a month.(对) I rec
8、eived this letter a month ago.(对) I havent received his letter for almost a month.比较since和for用 法举例since说明动作起始时间I have lived here since I was born.自从出生以来我一直住这儿。for说明动作延续时间长度I have lived here for more than 20 years.我已经住这儿20多年了。一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时现在完成时意义过去发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情, 强调动作过去发生的事情对现在的影响, 强调的是影响。构成di
9、dhave/ has done常用时间状语yesterday, last week, ago,in1980, in October, just now等具体的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,up to now, in the past/ last years等不确定的时间状语动词特征come, go, leave, start, die,finish, become, get married,move, join等非持续性动词live, teach, learn, wait, read, work, study, know, sta
10、y, be away/in , stay, talk, paint, have等延续性动词注意：由when, where等引导的特殊疑问句，较少使用现在完成时，常用一般过去时。现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时的意义及其构成：现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生, 已经持续到现在, 并且还将持续, 或刚刚停止。其构成:have (has) +been + doingI have been learning English for three years. (学英语这个动作从三年前开始持续到现在，还将继续学)I have been waiting three hours for you. (等
11、待从过去开始，一直持续到现在，刚刚结束)二、通常使用现在完成进行时的两种情况：1表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。I have not been sleeping well since I returned home(“我”回家后一直都没有睡好，现在也没有睡好)2表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。Kelly：Sorry Im lateHave you been waiting long? (凯利刚到，对方虽然不再等了，但已一直等到现在)Sally：YesI have been waiting for an hour现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生
12、的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：We have been cleaning the classroom我们打扫教室来着。其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。表示教室刚刚打扫过。We have cleaned the classroom我们把教室打扫过了。其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。表示教室可能是昨天打扫的。现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时现在完成进行时意义表示事件或动作刚结束强调动作仍在继续构成have (has) +过去分词have (has) +been + doing提问方式表示反复发生的动作，提问时用how many times表示
13、持续的、不间断的动作，提问时用how long谓语用表示状态或动作的动词做谓语只能用表示动作的动词做谓语注意：现在完成时的句子中可以用像never、yet、already和ever这样的词，而现在完成进行时的句子中则不可以用这样的词。Helen has read a book about Stonehenge. (可表示海伦已经读完了)Helen has been reading a book about Stonehenge. (表示海伦仍在读)- How many times have you visited Egypt this month?-I have visited Egypt t
14、wice this month.(现在完成时在这一组对话当中表示被问者过去往返于埃及和居住地，但现已经回来)- How long have you been touring Egypt ?- I have been touring Egypt for two months.(现在完成进行时在这一组对话中表示被问者过去一段时间内一直呆在埃及，没有离开过)I have had this camera for five years(had是表示“拥有”状态的动词)I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. (taken是表示动作的动词)I have b
15、een taking photos of UFOs with this camera. (taking是表示动作的动词)Ive never visited Paris.我从未参观过巴黎。Ive already been to Paris. 我已经去过巴黎了。.选择填空1. Mike: have you learned something unexplained before?John: Yes, Ia research on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in my hometown.A. makeB. madeC. have been makingD. ha
16、ve made2. Mr. White works as a lawyer now, but heas an actor for several years.A. workedB. has workedC. had workedD. had been worked3. Now that youa famous mountain climber, what are you going to do?A. have beenB. areC. wereD. had been4. Miss. Zhang: I am almost tired out.Miss. Huang: So you are. Yo
17、uon the documents all day.A. are workingB. have workedC. were workingD. have been working5. Tom: Ihere three days ago.Andy: Whatthese days?A. got; did you doB. have got; have you doneC. had got; will you doD. got; have you been doing6. Annie: Im sorry to keep you waiting.Michael: Oh, not at all. Ihe
18、re only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be7. You dont need to describe her. Iher several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet8. Ted: I came to Canada last autumn. What about you, Jim?Jim: Ihere for about half a year, and I miss my family very much.A. comeB. cameC. have come D.
19、 have been9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1934)the world leading inventor for about sixty years.A. would beB. has beenC. wasD. had been10. Billy:the sport meeting might be put off.Paul: Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive toldC. Im toldD. I told11. Johnson:
20、What bad luck that wethe football match in the last 3 minutes.Thomas: Especially when weso hard in the past years.A. had lost; trainedB. were losing; had rainedC. have lost; have trainedD. lost; have been training12. Melissa: Hi, Mary. Its nice hearing from you.Mary: Icoming to visit you but too muc
21、h work prevents me from doing so.A. had thought ofB. thought ofC. have been thinking ofD. have thought of13. Tom: Miss Jonesmusic at Eton School for ten years.Sarah: No wonder I often hear her singing in her garden.A. teachersB. used to teachC. is teachingD. has been teaching14. Tracy: I think the w
22、aitress must have forgotten us. wehere for over half an hour and nobodyour order yet.John: I suppose you are right.A. have been waiting; has takenB. have been waiting; tookC. have been waited; has takenD. have waited; took15. The students dont want to have their supper until theytheir experiment.A.
23、finishedB. have finishedC. had finishedD. will finish16. I play ping-pong quite well, but Itime to play since the new year.A. haventB. dont haveC. havent hadD. dont have had17. By now students in Grade One1,700 English words and phrases.A. should learnB. have learnedC. learnedD. learn18. Imy history
24、 this time yesterday. Now Iall my work for today.A. reviewed; had doneB. was reviewing; had doneC. was reviewing; have doneD. reviewed; have done19. Iunexplained things recently and I evensome writing.A. have been researching; have startedB. have researched; had startedC. have been researching; have
25、 been startingD. have been researched; have started20. Tom: Where have you been? Iyou the whole day.Kate: I was in the library reading magazines.A. have been telephoningB. had telephonedC. telephonedD. was telephoned21. The bossyet when and where to take her paid holiday.A. has decidedB. didnt decid
26、eC. hasnt decidedD. hadnt decided22. Jane: How are you today?Ben: Oh, Ithis ill in a long time.A. didnt feelB. wasnt feelingC. dont feelD. havent felt23. Shirleya book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writing24. Peter: Hi, T
27、racy, you look tried.Tracy: I am tired. Ithe living room all day.A. paintedB. had paintedC. have been paintingD. have painted25. I dont really work here. Iuntil the new secretary arrives.A. just help outB. have just help outC. am just helping outD. will just help out26. The price, but I am not sure
28、whether it will go up again tomorrow.A. went downB. will go downC. has gone downD. was going down27. I wonder why Jennyus recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt writtenB. doesnt writeC. wont writeD. hadnt written28. The high building is reported todown last month.A. be tornB. have been tornC. tearD. have torn29. Who is Jerry Cooper?-? I saw you shaking hands with hem at the meeting.
