1、中学语法 时态第一章 一般现在时一般现在时的基本用法：1）表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态He goes to work every day.2）表示普遍真理和特征The earth is round.3）有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时表示I dont think you are right.4）在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go to the park.5）表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作Next week they leave for Shanghai.6）用be about to do表示马上就要
2、发生的事情The plane is at the end of the runway.Its about to take off.一 用括号里适当的词真空1 I （am,are,is）-from Australia.2 Jane and Tom （am,are,is）-a college student.3 My mother (is,play,plays)-tennis well.4 He (have)-a good time at your party.二 汉译英1 我的姐姐是个护士。2 那里有三只猫。第二章 一般过去时一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：
3、1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you
4、say? 另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen? 其结构是主语+动词的过去式。be动词的过去式为was, were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-asked; 2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived; like-liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed.
5、e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住. 其句式变化分为两种情况1)含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didnt.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift f
6、or my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由last+时间构成的短语, e.g. last year; 由时间段+ago构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去. 常
7、见错误如下: 一把动词变成过去式易出错 例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now. 2 They plaied (play) football yesterday. 答案: 1 stopped 2 played 解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed. 二 忘记把动词变成过去式 例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday. 答案: flew 解析:我们可以记住下面的口诀:一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记.专项练习:一
8、选择1 She lived there before he_to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming2 I _but_nothing. A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of3 When did you _here? A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach 4 I_my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening. A. fini
9、shed B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish5 -He didnt go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he? - _.A. No, he doesnt B. Yes, he didnt C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.6 -I have had supper. - When _you_it? A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C 二 填空1 The
10、y_(be) on the farm a moment ago.2 There_(be)a shop not long ago.3 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night.4 Danny _(read )English five minutes ago.5 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now.6 He _(do)his homework every day. But he _(not do)it yesterday.7 When I was young, I _(play)games with my
11、friends.8 When _you_(write)this book? I _it last year.9 Did he_(have) lunch at home?10 I _(eat) the bread, I m full now.答案:1 were 2 was 3 didnt go 4 read 5 saw go 6 does ; didnt do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 have 10 have eaten三 在句式变换时易出错 例: 1 We didnt went (not go) out last Friday. 2 Did you had
12、 (have) a good time yesterday? 答案: 1 didnt go 2 Did have 解析:请记住口诀见助动, 用原形.四 易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混 例: He taughts (teach) me English last year. 答案: taught 解析:行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.五 易与现在完成时弄混 例: 我看过这部电影 I saw(see) the film. 答案: I have seen (see) the film. 解析:我看过这部电影说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情
13、况,应用现在完成时; 一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关. 六 易与过去进行时弄混,这里不在重复。第三章 一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon. 其结构有如下几种: 1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中
14、,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +动词原形 3)现在进行时也可表示将来,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复. 第一种结构的句式变化是: 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days? 第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classr
15、oom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom? 其时间状语有如下几种 1）this引导的短语 如 this year 2）tomorrow及其相关短语 如tomorrow morning 3）next引导的短语 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。 做题时常见错误如下：一、易忽视动词用原形形式 例：1 He will is (be) at school next Monday. 2
16、 He is going to does (do) his homework after school. 答案：1 be 2 do 解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉，“英语句子里，动词不能少”的 规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称.。 二、be going to +动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚 例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。 I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams. 答案：I am studying hard
17、and I am going to try for my English exams. 解析：“be going to” 表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. Its going to rain. 而“Will+动词原形 ”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能用will。专项练习：一、 单选1
18、_you _a doctor when you grow up?A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come3 He will be back _a few minutes.A with B for C on D in4 What time _we mee
19、t at the gate tomorrow?A will B shall C do D are5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish6 There _some showers this afternoon.A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a
20、 party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 答案：1 B 2B 3 D 4 B 5A 6A 7 C 8 C 二、 填空1 -“I need some paper.” - “I _(bring)some for you.”2_(be)y
21、ou free tomorrow?3 They _(not leave) until you come back.4 _we_(go) to the party together this afternoon?5 They want to know when the meeting _start.6 I _(go) with you if I have time.7 Hurry up! Or we _(be) late.8What _you _(do) tomorrow afternoon?9 Jenny _ _ (do) an experiment the day after tomorro
22、w.10 If she isnt free tomorrow, she _(not take) part in the party.答案： 1 will bring 2 Are 3 wont leave 4Shall go 5 will 6 will go 7 will be 8 are going to do 9 will do 10 wont take三、 There be结构的一般将来时易出错例：There_ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)A is going to be B is going to have C are going to b
23、e D are going to have答案：A解析：There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构，又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲，所以选了B，但There be结构就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后边的单数名词决定的. 四、 be going to结构中易丢掉to 例：Im going _(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C) A to will go B to go to C go to D to go 答案：B解析：由tomorrow可知是一般将来时，be going to +动词原形，所以先确定用
24、to go , 在B、 D当中选，而go to school 是固定词组，不能因为前边有一个to而省略，这是一个易错点，需要注意。 另外，在时间状语或条件状语从句中，若主句用了将来时，从句则用一般现在时，前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.第四章 现在进行时作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态。现在进行时表示1、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are working these days.3、 某些动词的
25、现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am coming.其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ,E.g. jump2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put 其句式变换都在be上做文章。E.g. He is buying a bike.Is he buying a bike? He isnt buying a bike. 一般由look,listen,now, at
26、 this moment等时间状语做标志。尽管现在进行时比较简单，但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误，常见的错误有如下几种：专项训练：一 、单选1、 Look! He _their mother do the housework.A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping2 、_are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.A .Who B .How C.What D.Where3、 Dont talk here. My mother _.A. is sleeping B .are sl
27、eeping C. sleeping D .sleep4 、Danny _. Dont call him.A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes5 、When_he_back? Sorry, I dont know.A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming答案：A C A B D二 、填空1、 Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed.2、 What_he _(mend)?3、 We _(play)games now.4、 What _you_(d
28、o) these days?5、 _he _(clean) the classroom?6、 Who_(sing)in the next room?7 、The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(wear)a red sweater today.答案：1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing 5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing 一 把动词变成现在分词形式易出错例：1、They are swiming.(swim) 2 、Jenn
29、y is plaiing(play)football.答案：1.swimming 2 .playing解析：动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则；“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则；“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。二 丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例：1、 Look, two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park. 2 、Li Mingisnt read ( not read) a book in bed now.答案：1 are flying 2 isnt reading解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “b
30、e+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。三 对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问) What are the students in the room?答案：What are the students doing in the room?解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”或简写为“What.doing.”?句式。四 现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？ Are the children running or jump?答案：Are the children running or jumping?解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。第五章 过去进行时过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E.g. They were playing football at ten oclock yest
