1、外研版英语中考归纳复习专题被动语态doc基础义务教育资料外研版2018年英语中考归纳复习专题：被动语态【被动语态】在英语中，动词主要有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执 行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语Zl/T o主动诺态：动作执行者+主动谓语+动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+被动谓诺+by+动作执行者当我们不知道或者没有必要说出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需要强调动作的承 受者时，要用被动语态。如：Smoking isn? t allowed in the gas station.汽车加油 站里面不允许吸烟。Your work must be f
2、inished today.你们的工作必须今天完成。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态的构成如下：时态被动结构1例句般现 在 时am/is/are+过去分词The classroom is cleaned every day.这间 教室每天都打扫。般过 去 时was/were+过去分词Our school was built in 1998.我们的学校 是1998年建造的。现 在兀成时动 词 情 态 动will be+过去分词The sports meeting will be h
3、eld tomorrow. 运动会将于明天举行。have/has been+ The bank has been built.银行已经建成过去分词 了。+be+过去分词The bike cant be put here.这辆自行车不 能被放在这里。【考点训练1】l.Today Chinese(teach) in many schools around the world.2.Some famous paintings(show) in the hall next week.3.A new school(set up) in my hometown last year.4,一How often
4、do I need to feed the dog?It food every day,or it will be hungry. ( )A.may giveB.may be givenC.must giveD.must be given答案：is taught will be shown was set up D【被动语态的特殊结构】种类构成 例句感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词see/hear/watch/f eel等和使役动词 make/let/have 等 后跟省略to的动 词不定式作宾补, 变为被动语态时, 省略的to要加上。We heard her sing in the ro
5、om.今She was heard to sing in the room.我4 听见她在房间里唱歌。动词 短语 的被动语态短语是动词+介 词/副词时，变被 动语态时介词、副 词不能丢。We should speak to the old politely. 3The old should be spoken to polite ly by us.我们应该有礼貌地和老人 说话。feel,look,sound,smell, taste等系动词。The dishes taste so delicious.这些菜尝起来很美味。表示发生、进行等的不及物动词及短语(happen,take place,c
6、oThis kind of pen writes very s moothly.这种钢笔写起来很 流畅。The water has run out.水已经 用完了。me outrun out,spread.）。When did the book co me out?这本书什么I 时候出版的？作“需 The problem requires studyin要”讲的 g with great care.这个问题需need,want,require后 要仔细研究。I的动名词用主动形式I表被动意义。【考点训练2】1.Tea plants are(grow) and(use) to make tea.2
7、.Kang Jian found it interesting that so many products in the local shops(make) in China.3.The music the Moonlight Sonata. ( )A.B.is heardD.is listeningsounds likeC.is sounded like4.An accident on the road last night.A.has happenedB.was happenedC.HappenedD.was happening答案：grown used were made A C【被动语
8、态的固定搭配、句型】1.be made of,be made from,be made in 与 be made by2.be used for,be used as 与 be used to do3.It is said/believed/reported/known that.【中考示例】(2017 广西)1 think all the heavy and difficult jobs by machines and robots in the future.A.DoB.will doC.are doneD.will be done【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我认为未来所有的重活、
9、难度大的工 作都将由机器和机器人来完成。根据时间状语in the future可知，此处应用一般 将来时；主语jobs和谓语动词do之间是被动关系，结合介词by可知此处应用 一般将来时的被动语态。【考题热身】1.(2017 甘肃)English (speak) all over the world.2.(2017 宿迁)The old car (produce) in Germany in the 1960s.3.(2017 鄂州)Teenagers should (encourage) to solve their problems by themselves.4.(2017 .襄阳)The
10、 24th Winter Olympic Games in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in2022,from February 4th to 20th.( )A.is going to hold B.holdC.will be held D.was held5.(2017 重庆 A 卷)This picture by my cousin last year.( )B.drewA.drawsC.is drawn D.was drawn6.(2017 盐城)It is reported that about 120 foreign soccer experts to teac
11、hsoccer school students. ( )A.invite BJnvitedC.to be invited D.will be invited7.(2017 .随州)一Your bedroom is so clean.一Of course.lt every day. ( )A.cleans B.cleanedC.is cleaned D.was cleaned8.(2017 .苏州)一Why hasn, t Tony come?The invitation letter to Toby by accident.( )B.has emailedD.emailedA.was emai
12、ledC.is emailed9.(2017 上海)The museum next month to celebrate the Science & TechnologyFestival.( )B.A.is decoratedwill decorateC.is decorating D.will be decorated10.(2017 河北)Hangzhou as the City of Silk.Tourists like shopping for silk there.( )A.KnowsB.is knownC.was knownD.will be known答案：is spoken was produced be encouraged C D D C A D B
