1、基于虚拟样机技术的汽车驱动桥桥壳CADCAE系统的建立于研究外文文献翻译中英文翻译外文翻译附 录附录A 外文文献原文A1 Establish and research on CA/CAE sysytem of automobile drive axle housing based on virtual prototype technologyVirtual prototype refer to a model which is in the step of product progress, occurring in the computer realm, aiming at the opti
2、mization based on the CAD model used to stimulating analysis product. Virtual prototype in mainly used for test which was failed by physical test. Based on the result which is drawn from the stimulation result, it is easy to modify and guide design, until reach the optimistic design Automobile drive
3、 axle housing is a main part of a mobile. disconnect drive axle housing is used for bearing the mobiles weight ,transferring the load to the wheels Drawing force, braking force lateral force and vertical force are transferred to frame and compartment by drive axle housing. So drive axle housing is e
4、ither a bearing or a transmission item. If not correctly designed or some problem occurred while manufacturing, drive axle housing may deformed or fracture. As a traditional design method is so costly that is necessary to introduce the virtual prototype technology.A1.1 design scheme Traditional desi
5、gn method for drive axle housing is firstly giving a scheme ,manufacturing , a sample item then a series test (such as stiffness test bending fatigue test and static strenth test )is carried out Apparently this method is very money consuming ,and the final parameter may be not optimal .if adopt the
6、Virtual prototype technology stimulazing kinds of working condition of drive axle housing ,and draw a series of optimal parameters .Based on these parameter the physical machine are carried out to do physical test .this method can save time ,cutting the cost ,thus bring in huge benefit to the enterp
7、rise.Modern trial production progress vary largely to the traditional one .As depicted ,in the picture ,A loop is absent in the traditional drive axle housing making virtual prototype can assess the cost quality and manufacturability on the computer. If the assessment is not satisfying, it is necess
8、ary to adjust .repeat a loop until reach a ideal parameter.This scheme design a software terrace, providing a interface for Solidworks patron and Nastron ,using superiority of this professional software ,and develop these software ,but a drive axle housing product design terrace.Considering the ques
9、tion of improving the analysis efficiency and simplifying finite element ,this system adopt a method which uses parametric modeling that is totally different from do make up for CAD model .And the CAD model is only used for oversight A1.2 Parameterized Modeling by SolidWorksThey are all available fo
10、r second-time development of SolidWorks for the softwares that support OLE and COM. Because of design requirements, the development software of the system is Delphi and second development software of SolidWorks is OLE. The copyright of SolidWorks is 2006. To use this method, it must be registered fo
11、r auto-severed including files sldworks.tlb and element files that filenames are SldWorks_TLB.pas severed by SolidWorks under Delphi program environment, and they are available after programs are complied.The topology structure of SolidWorks is typically five layers topology structure. A part is con
12、sist of bodies, and bodies include surfaces, and surfaces include edges, and edges include curves and points. It may use record in delphi to define bodies, surfaces and points these data structure and apply respectively to store topology information. The steps of the parameterized modeling of CAD by
13、 SolidWorks are as follows: firstly, it must be defined correctly for the relationship between automobile dimension and other dimensions. Secondly, initialize the various record and auto-product the drawing of axle housing using API function. Lastly, it is available for users to check the CAD model
14、and modify various dimensions on the plate. The program can auto-modify the other relative dimensions and redraw the picture in SolidWorks by using the relationships that have been defined previously. A1.3 Patran & Nastran FEA analysisA1.3.1 PCL programMSC/PATRAN provides a fully functions program l
15、anguage for users, as PCL. PCL provide abundant of tables and menus and allow users to read and write all information in Patran database, which structure is similar with C language. The paper develops the analysis module of the automobile drive axle housing, which includes parameterize modeling, ALE
16、, material definition, load cases definition, Nastran analysis submitted and results post-possessing and other functions.There are no special develop environment in PCL, generally the codes are written in test editor and saved as *.pcl format, and then the files are pre-compiled as *.cpp format in D
17、OS, and debug them in Patran at last. The detail operates are as follows:Pre-compile *.pcl file:cpp *.pcl *.cppdebug *.cpp file in patran:!input *.cppWhen starting, Patran will execute init.pcl file under its root catalogue. The file includes two commands:!INPUT p3prolog.pcl and !IPUT p3epilog.pcl.
18、As pre-compile these two files when Patran starts. Users can write commands to initialize Patran starting viewport. For example, write commands：!iput C:MSC.SoftwareMSC.Patran2005_r2 rearhouse.cpp and rearhouse.init() in p3epilog.pcl, in which, rearhouse.cpp is the second-time development program for
19、 automobile drive axle housing. It will influence the starting speed, for this, users can write self-definition functions and compile them into a database, which Patran can call directly. The method is that:Input commands in Patran:!COMPLIE rearhouse.cpp into rearhouse.plb!library rearhouse.plb!llib
20、rar keepopen rearhouse.plbAs this, Patran can load including files when it starts and the speed is rather fast. For initialize the viewport, users need to input that: rearhouse,init().A1.3.2 Program Design FlowcharThe FEA parameterize modeling part is implemented as follows:Input various key paramet
21、ers into delphi, and they will be compiled and format a file whose suffix is .cpp. The contents of init.pcl can be modified by dephi. As that, users can enter Patran by click “FEA parameterize modeling” in this system, and they will see a new file, whose drawing zone has complete FEA module. The pro
22、gram parts dont need to communicate with users and just like a back program. In this progress it will need API function of Windows system. Due to they require high communicate for ALE, material definition, load cases definition, Nastran analysis submitted and results post-possessing and other functi
23、ons, which are not convenient for delphi to control directly, these parts will be written by PCL. Patran may copy the .CPP files to the catalog such as “C:MSC.SoftwareMSC.Patra2005_r2”, and modify the relative contents in init.pcl file. Allowing for the special features of housing modeling and compu
24、ting speed of computers, the program all use shell elements to simulate housing. Therefore it use sgm_const_surface_extrude() to product shell function when modeling, and use fem_create_mesh_surf_4() to mesh when FEA meshing. A1.4 Software application exampleThis software is established by the delph
25、i computer language. After enter the system, preliminary design of automobile drive axle housing by basis mechanics must be completed to define the key dimension, then CAE/CAD modeling and analyzing of various operating conditions should be starting. The software interface is shown in the Figure A1,
26、 Figure A2 shows the solid model of axle housing by SolidWorks parameterized modeling.Figure A1 The software interfaceFigure A2 The solid model of axle housingTable A1 illustrates material parameters whichComponentMaterialModulus of elasticityPoisson ratioDensityDrive axle housingQT400-151.962E8 KPa
27、0.37.8E-6 kg/mm3Half axle casing45Mn22.1E8 KPa0.287.9E-6 kg/mm3Five operating conditions are analyzed by Patran&Nastran in this system, which are shown in Figure A5, static of 2.5 times full load, driving by the maximum drawing force, brake of full load, turning around of full load, brake of full lo
28、ad in turning around. Longitudinal direction, side direction, vertical direction and revolve of longitudinal direction constraints are laid on at the center of steel plate spring. Load is laid on at the half axle casing, which resulting stress is inconsistent with actual condition, bringing no impac
29、t on stress of other parts of axle housing. The result shows that Tresca stress on wheel side is larger in Table A3.Table A2 The stress of axle housing of 5 operating conditionsStatic of 2.5 times full loadDriving by the maximum drawing forceBrake of full loadTurning around of full loadBrake of full
30、 load in turning aroundStress in critical section1758793.5158205The allowable stress of axle housing is 400MPa, the design is very safe, which shown in the Table A2. Figure 8 illustrates the distribution of stress nearby the steel plate spring. Figure A3 The distribution of stress nearby the steel p
31、late springTable A3 illustrates the former 9th order natural frequency of automobile drive axle housing by this system.Table A3 The former 9th order natural frequencyOrder123456789Frequency181.47265.91433.24614.33658.761119.911661347.41399.6Since the road is not absolutely smooth, automobile natural
32、 frequency often occur between 120Hz. Resonance of axle housing wont be caused. This result is reasonable. Figure A4 The 1st order mode of vibration附录B 外文文献中文翻译A1 基于虚拟样机技术的汽车驱动桥桥壳CAD/CAE系统的建立于研究虚拟样机是指在产品设计阶段，在计算机世界中，以优化设计思想为指导，以产品CAD模型为基础，利用各种相关CAE分析软件，进行产品主要性能仿真分析的数字模型。虚拟样机主要进行对物理样机而言难以进行的试验，根据虚拟样机反馈的仿真结果，修正、指导设计，直至获得系统级的优化设计方案。 驱动桥桥壳是汽车上主要零件之一，非断开式驱动桥壳起着支承汽车荷重的作用，并将载荷传给车轮。作用在驱动车轮上的牵引力、制动力、侧向力和垂向力也经过桥壳传到悬架及车架或车厢上。因此，桥壳既是承载件又是传力件。
