1、中考英语语法总复习专题_-中考英语语法专项复习1_名词详解及专练 I. 名词的种类：名 词类 别意 义例 词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim，China, Qingdao, the UK, 普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , 集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people, police, team, clothes, group, 不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, air抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun,
2、healthy,happiness, courage, love, II. 名词的数：可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”； 1有规则变化复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”，现将构成规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves
3、, knife-knives, wife-wives加-sroof-roofs, safe（保险箱） safes handkerchief（手帕，手绢）的复数形式两者都可4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, 6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes,
4、 tomato-tomatoes两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, 7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos2不规则名词复数： 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice , child-children , tooth teeth 等2单复数相同sheep, deer, , fish, li, yuan, jin, Chinese，Japanese3只有复数形式t
5、rousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, 5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, group,government, population, team, public, enemy, party6表示“某国人”加-s Americans, ,Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenc
6、hwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives,将两部分变为复数，只有man, womenwomen singers, men servants III. 名词的格1.单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s。 2.若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加。3.凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4.在表示店铺或教堂的名
7、字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 5.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。6.复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。如：a month or twos absence练习与巩固：A:1. Mathematics _ easy to learn. A. is B. are C. can D. feels 2. The_of the room were covered with _.A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, lea
8、ves3. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person4. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories5. I have two _and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange 6. He is a success as a leader but he has
9、nt _ in teaching.A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience7. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans , Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen8. Help yourself to _.A. chickens and apples B. chickens and appleC. chicken a
10、nd apple D. chicken and apples9. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffee C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffeesB:1You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon?I did Christmas shopping. A. a lot of B. a few of C. a
11、number of D. a piece of 2. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few3.Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! Mind your own ,Sue! A. action B. dutyC. businessD. way4.Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？I generally make it a to be up by 7 to
12、read English. A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule5.-Why didnt you take a taxi back last night?-Because I didnt have any _ with me. A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money6.John always says that he likes apples of all the _.A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks7.-You look worried. Whats your _ ?-I have troub
13、le learning English.A. name B. question C. problem D. job8.-Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?-Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information9. I like_a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. pota
14、toes D. noodles10. -In my opinion, China has more _to deal with the disease of A/H1N1.-I quite agree with you. Chinese medicine works well. A. advantages B. interests C. equipments D. materials11.Its said that you have moved into a new house. Yeah, and we need to buy some in the mall nearby. A. food
15、 B. furniture C. hamburger 12. All the _teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C. woman D. women13.Emma, who are you taking _of at home? -My grandma, she was badly ill. A.place B.part C.seat D.care 14. -How can I see thick snow in most northern part
16、s of China?-You have to wait till _ comes, Steve. A. summer B. autumn C. winter15. Lets get some _ about tourism on the Internet. A. information B. message C. invention16. _ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers.A. A number of ; women B. A number of ; woman
17、C. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman17. Mike and his friend are going to the _ to see the new action movie tonight. A. book shop B. restaurant C. concert D. cinema18.-Shall we go shopping now? -Sorry. Its not the right _.Im too tired. A. way B.weather C.place D. moment19. -What makes yo
18、u so upset?-I wanted to explain why I was late, but Mr. White didnt give me a(n) _. A.way B.chanceC.idea D.excuse20. We need to come up with a/an_and make a decision at once. A.information B. advice C. idea D. news21. Look at the flowers! They are in different_: red, yellow, pink A. colors B. sizes
19、C. prices D. names22.Id like _grapes and pears. Oh, I only need _ orange juice.A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few23. What would you like to drink?_, please. A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread 24.-You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are?-Oh, so
20、rry. Its a(n) _ . A. problem B. instruction C. secret D. business25. We should not eat _ meat.A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too26. I dont understand the story though there are _ new words in it. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little27. A school in Anshun held an activity called “Recomm
21、end(推荐) Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a _ of 1,0000 books! A. note B. line C. menu D. list28. Hurry up. There is _ time left. A. a little B. little C. few_中考英语语法专项复习2_冠词详解及专练冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词the ，另一种是不定冠词a/ an，还有一种是零冠词。中考对冠词的考查重在不定冠词a与an的区别和冠词的习惯用法
22、。2.1 不定冠词的用法: 不定冠词a (an)是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。1) 表示一个，意为one。如：I have an apple. 2) 代表一类人或物。Mr. Smith is an engineer.3) 词组或短语。a little / a few / a lot / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / after a while / have a cold / have a try / 2.2 定冠词的用法： 定冠词the有那（这）个的意思，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Tak
23、e the medicine.2）上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house.Ive been to the house。 3）指世上独一物二的事物：the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar;the fox；或与形容词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面： Where do you live?I live on the second floor. Thats the very thing Ive been look
24、ing for.6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体： They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)7）用在国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the Peoples Republic of China the United States8）用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano.9) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens 10) 用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening)，the day after tomorrow，the day befo
25、re yesterday，the next morning,in the sky (water，field，country)in the dark,in the rain, in the middle (of),in the end,by the way,go to the theatre2.3 零冠词的用法1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）抽象名词、物质名词前通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。3）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；on Monday 4）在称呼或表示
26、官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；General Lee. 5）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast，play chess 6）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；I cant write without pen or pencil.7）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train； 8）名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, some, any等代词或所有格，不用冠词。The letter is in her pocket.9) 一些固定词组中不加冠词：on foot, by bike, at n
27、ight.2.4 冠词与形容词+名词结构1) 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。2) 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。2.5 冠词位置1) 不定冠词位置：不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a. 位于such，what，many，half，形容词之后： such an animal. Many a man i
28、s fit for the job. b. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。 2) 定冠词位置： 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。 2.6有无冠词一些短语的区别：at table/at the table; at school/ at the school; go to school/ go to th
29、e school; in hospital/ in the hospital; in class/ in the class; in front of/in the front of; by sea/by the sea; next year/the next year; in future/in the future; on earth/ on the earth2.7序数词前用不同冠词的区别：the+序数词，表示“第几.”; a+ 序数词，表示“再一，又一”2.8 a number of 与the number of冠词专练I. 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示：
30、 1. This is _ old map. It is _ useful map. 2. We have no classes in _ afternoon on _ Saturday. 3. _ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _second. 4.Roman was not built in _ day.5. Beijing is _capital of _China. It is _beautiful city. 6. Chinese is quite _ difficult language for Mike. 7. Many _students will take _active part in sports meet. 8. There is _ interesting picture on _ wall. 9. Jenn
