1、大工10秋大学英语4辅导资料八大学英语4辅导资料八主 题：对Unit 3 的重点单词和短语的讲解学习时间：2010年12月6日12月12日内 容：NEW WORDS (对课文重点单词的解释)1.advance vt. put or bring forward; offer提出e.g. She was too shy to advance her opinion at the conference.（她太害羞了以至于在会上没有提出她的看法。） It is known to all that the Theory of Relativity was advanced by Einstein.（众所
2、周到相对论是由爱因斯坦提出的。）2.appeal vi. please, attract or interest 投合所好；有感染力；有吸引力e.g. I can not say smoking appeal to me very much. （我不能说吸烟对我有多大吸引力。） The music appeals to me very much.（这音乐非常吸引我。）3.authority n. power to influence; power to give orders and make others obey权威；权力e.g. The government is the highest
3、 authority in the country. （政府是国家的最高权力机构。） This old man is a leading authority on wheat diseases.（这位老人是小麦病虫害方面的权威。） 4.burden n. sth. difficult to bear; load重负；负荷e.g. I dont like being a burden on other people.（我不想成为别人的负担。）5.cast vt. cause (light or shadow) to appear (on) 投射词形变化：动词过去式cast 过去分词caste.g
4、. The flames cast dancing shadows on the walls.（火焰在墙上投射出舞动的影子。） His very presence cast a shadow on the meeting.（正是他的出席给会议投下了阴影。）6.cite vt. mention as an example; quote (a passage, book, etc.) 举出；引用e.g. The lawyer cite a previous case to support his argument.（律师引用了以前的案例来支持他的论点。） Its no use citing the
5、 Bible to somebody who doesnt believe in God.（对不信上帝的人引用圣经的话是没用的。）7.credulous n. tending to believe sth. on little evidence, arising from credulity轻信的e.g. They are credulous people who believe in the advertisement.（他们是一些轻信广告的人。）8.exaggerate vt. think, speak or write of as greater than is really so; o
6、verstate夸张；夸大e.g. The seriousness of the situation has been much exaggerated by the press.（形势的严重性被新闻媒体夸大了。）I couldnt sleep for three days - Im not exaggerating.（我三天都睡不着，我一点也没夸张。）9.exceptionally adv. unusually 格外地，特别地e.g. Though nearly 50, he was exceptionally vigorous in work.（别看他快五十岁了，工作却是雷厉风行。） Th
7、e ballet school offers free places to children who are exceptionally talented.（该芭蕾舞蹈学校给有特殊天赋的儿童提供免费学习的机会。）10.exchange n. the act of exchanging交换e.g. He gave me an apple in exchange of an orange.（他给我一个苹果，交换一个橙子。）11.follow vi. result or occur as a consequence, effect, or inference结果产生；得出e.g. The concl
8、usion that follows from these findings is that inner city schools need more investment, not less.（这些发现得出的结果是内陆城市的学校需要更多的投资，而不是更少。）12.horizon n. the line where the sky seems to meet the earth or sea地平线e.g. The sun rose above the horizon.（太阳升到地平线上。）13.justify vt. give a good reason for; show to be jus
9、t, right or reasonable证明是正当的；为辩护e.g. Nothing can justify your cheating on an exam.（任何事情都不能成为你考试作弊的理由。） Can you justify your action? （你能证明你的行为是正当的吗？）14.outline vt. indicate the main ideas or facts of 描述要点e.g. The new president outlined plans to deal with crime, drugs, and education.（新任总统大概描述了处理犯罪、毒品和
10、教育方面的计划。）15.phenomenon n. 现象e.g. International terrorism is not just a recent phenomenon. （国际恐怖主义并不是近年才有的现象。）16.predict vt. announce or tell beforehand; forecast预言e.g. The fortune-teller predicted that I would marry a doctor.（算命先生预言我会同一位医生结婚。） The economists predicted an increase in the rate of infl
11、ation.（经济学家预言通货膨胀率将会增长。）17.preface n. an introduction to a book or speech前言，序e.g. The preface of this book is very brief.（这本书的序言非常简短。）18.promptly adv. quickly and willingly敏捷地；迅速地e.g. The girls life was saved because the doctors acted so promptly.（由于医生们行动迅速，那个女孩子得救了。）词性变化：prompt a. 敏捷的，迅速的e.g. He is
12、 always prompt in answering letters.（他总是迅速回复来信。）19.refute vt. prove (a statement) to be untrue; prove (a person) to be mistaken驳斥e.g. As for the Flat Earth theory, I believe I could refute it. （至于地平学说，我相信我能驳斥它。）I was able to refute his argument.（我能驳倒他的论点。）20.sake n. end, purpose 缘故e.g. He is going t
13、o live by the coast for the sake of his health.（他为了自己的健康，打算到海滨地区去居住。）21.statement n. expression in words; a written or spoken declaration, esp. of a formal kind陈述；表明e.g. The statement shows that the company is bankrupt.（该项声明显示这家公司破产了。）He refused to make a statement about the affair.（他拒绝对此事发表声明。）22.s
14、tray vi. wander away 远离e.g. Our cat strayed from home. （我们的猫从家中走失了。）23.superstitious a. full of superstition; believing in superstitions迷信的e.g. He has a superstitious thought that black cat are unlucky.（他有一种迷信的想法认为黑猫不吉祥。）24.theoretical a. of or based on theory 理论上的e.g. Its a theoretical possibility,
15、 but I dont suppose it will happen. （这是一种理论上的可能性，但我认为这种情况不会发生。） This book is too theoretical; I need a practical one.（这本书理论性太强，我需要一本实用的。）25.widespread a. found or distributed over a large area分布广的；普遍的e.g. The forests are widespread in our country.（我们的国家森林分布很广。） The high cost prevents the widespread
16、use of the drug.（该药昂贵而影响广泛应用。）PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS1.follow up深入研究或调查，采取进一步行动e.g. I followed up an advertisement for a second hand TV.（我仔细研究一则出售旧电视的广告。）The director will follow up the committees suggestions.（董事长将依据委员会的建议采取行动。）2.for the sake of 为了利益；为了e.g. He bought a house in the country for the sak
17、e of his mothers health.（他为了母亲的健康在乡下买了一栋房子。） For the sake of getting more money, he took two part-time jobs.（为了挣更多的钱，他做了两份兼职。）3.throw/shed light on使明白，解释e.g. These facts throw/shed some light on this matter.（这些事实帮助说明此事。）Does this information throw/shed any light on the problem?（这份情报会有助于弄清这个问题吗？）4.an
18、d so forth等等e.g. He can talk for hours about realism, naturalism, romanticism and so forth.（他可以好几个小时不停地谈论现实主义、自然主义、浪漫主义等等。）Tom is good at many sports, sprint, hurdle, football and so forth.（汤姆擅长很多体育运动，如短跑、跨栏、足球等等。）5.as for至于e.g. As for you, I never want to see you here again.（至于你，我再也不想在这里见到你。）Thats
19、the answer. As for the cause, how do I know?（这就是答案。至于原因吗，我怎么知道？）6.may well (not) 完全（不）可能e.g. It may well turn out that we lack the expertise to solve that problem.（结果很可能是，我们缺乏解决那一问题的专门技术。）You may well have won the game if you had taken part in the match.（要是你参加了这次比赛，你很可能赢。）7.bring out 拿出，使显出，推出e.g. W
20、hen is the publisher bringing out his new book?（出版商何时出版他的新书？）Difficulties can bring out a persons best qualities. （困难可以显示出人的优良品质。）8.aim at 计划，打算，以为目标e.g. Harry aims at becoming a doctor.（哈里立志要做医生。） What are you aiming at?（你意向如何？）9.fall back on 求助于e.g. Doctors sometimes fall back on old cures when mo
21、dern medicine does not work.（当现代医学不起作用时，医生们有时会求助于旧的治疗方法。）She is one to fall back on in case of emergency.（她是一个在紧急关头可以求助的人。）10.rest on 依赖e.g. His fame rests on his plays more than on his novels.（他的名声主要是建立在他的戏剧上，不是在他的小说上。） Our decision rests on the results of several experiments.（我们的决定是以几次实验结果为基础的。）11
22、.stray away from 偏离e.g. His eyes kept straying away from the page.（他的眼睛老是从页面上移开。）You are straying away from the subject again.（你又离题了。）12.start off开始e.g. The horse started off at a steady trot. （那马以稳健的步伐出发。）The chairman started off on his favorite subject after attacking the first speaker.（主席在攻击了第一位发
23、言者后，开始谈他最喜爱的话题。）13.in a way 在某种程度上XX文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我e.g. His criticism is, in a way, quite constructive.（他的批评从某种程度上看是有建设性的。） In a way, his coming back so soon surprised all of us.（从某种程度上说，他这么早回来使我们大家都很吃惊。）统考例题1. _ such a good chance he planned to learn more.A. Giving B. Having given C. Having been g
24、iven D. To be given解析：这是一个现在分词的完成被动式短语在句中做状语，它所表示的分词的动作既先于主语的谓语动词，又表明主语是被动的，因此应用现在分词的被动语态。故选C。2. Id almost given up hope of finding a house I liked, and then suddenly this one _. A. turned back B. turned up C. turned over D. turned down解析：考点为短语动词辨析，答案项中的四个副词都可以和动词turn搭配。turn back意为“（使）折回，往回走”；turn u
25、p意为“出现，来到”；turn over意为“（使）翻过来”；turn down意为“拒绝（某种请求）”。由此可见，只有turn up符合原句意思，故选B。3. Not only are cars involved in most of the traffic accidents, but they also _ to the pollution of the air.A. contribute B. promote C. refer D. matter解析：考点为动词的词义辨析。四个答案项中能跟to 搭配使用的只有A和C。contribute to为“造成”之意；而refer to 意为“提
26、及”。根据句意，答案应为A。4. David and Sheila are unable to have children, but theyre hoping to _ a little boy.A. cultivate B. raise C. adopt D.acquire解析：考点为动词的词义辨析。cultivate意为“栽培”；raise意为“养育”；adopt意为“收养”；acquire意为“获得”。根据句子的意思“他们不能生孩子，但希望能收养一个小男孩”。故选C。5. As you know, when college students _ their future employm
27、ent, they often think of status and income.A. apply B. demand C. anticipate D. suppose解析：考点为动词的词义辨析。对将来工作（future employment ）的一种期望，要用anticipate。apply意为“申请”；demand意为“要求”；suppose意为“假定，猜想”，三项均不符合句意，故选C。练习题1. We have agreed that we shall _ to the policy and will not change it.A. commit B. stick C. combi
28、ne D. fall2. He will have to find some other work for she cant _ this loud noise any more.A. come up with B. keep up withC. grow up with D. put up with3. If the phone rings again, I _ it.A. ignore B. will ignoreC. will have ignored D. will be ignoring 4. It was not _ midnight that they discovered the children were not in their bedroom.A. before B. at C. after D. until5. The bicycle you saw isnt _. It belongs to _.A. me, you B. mine, hersC. hers, his D. his, her 答案：1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D
