1、探析现代电力电子及电源技术的发展探析现代电力电子及电源技术的发展现代电源技术是应用电力电子半导体器件,综合自动控制、计算机(微处理器)技术和电磁技术的多学科边缘交又技术。在各种高质量、高效、高可靠性的电源中起关键作用,是现代电力电子技术的具 体应用。Modern power technology is the application of power electronic semiconductor devices and integrated automatic control, computer (microprocessor) and electromagnetic technology
2、 of multidisciplinary edge in technology. In all kinds of high quality, high efficiency, high reliability of power supply plays a key role, is the concrete application of modern power electronic technology.当前,电力电子作为节能、节才、自动化、智能化、机电一体化的基础,正朝着应用技术高频化、硬件结构模块化、产品性能绿色化的方向发展。在不远的将来,电力电子技术将使电源技术更加成熟、经 济、实用
3、,实现高效率和高品质用电相结合。Current, power electronics as an energy-saving, section, automation, intelligent, electromechanical integration, the basis of the application technology is moving in high-frequency, modular hardware structure and the direction of green product performance. In the near future, power e
4、lectronic technology will enable power technology more mature, economic, practical, achieve high efficiency and high quality.1. 电力电子技术的发展1. The development of power electronics technology现代电力电子技术的发展方向,是从以低频技术处理问题为主的传统电力电子学,向以高频技术处理问题为主的现代电力电子学方向转变。电力电子技术起始于五十年代末六十年代初的硅整流器件,其发展先后经历了整流器时代、逆变器时代和变频器时代,
5、并促进了电力电子技术在许多新领域的应用。八十年代末期和九十年代初期发展起来的、以功率MOSFET和IGBT为代表的、集高频、高压和大电流于一身的功率半导体复合器件,表明传统电力电子技术已经进入现代电力电子时代。The development direction of modern power electronic technology, is given priority to with low frequency technology deal with the problem of traditional power electronics, to give priority to wit
6、h high frequency technology deal with the problem of modern power electronics. Power electronic technology began in the early 50 s, 60 s of the silicon rectifier device, its development has experienced the era of era of rectifier and inverter and converter, and promoted the power electronic technolo
7、gy in many new areas of application. Developed in the late eighty s and early ninety s, represented by power MOSFET and IGBT and high frequency, high voltage and large current of power semiconductor compound device, show that traditional power electronic technology has entered the era of modern powe
8、r electronics.1.1 整流器时代1.1 the age of rectifier大功率的工业用电由工频(50Hz)交流发电机提供,但是大约20%的电能是以直流形式消费的,其中最典型的是电解(有色金属和化工原料需要直流电解)、牵引(电气机车、电传动的内燃机车、地铁机车、城市无轨电车等)和直流传动(轧钢、造纸等)三大领域。大功率硅整流器能够高效率地把工频交流电转变为直流电,因此在六十年代和七十年代,大功率硅整流管和晶闸管的开发与应用得以很大发展。当时国内曾经掀起了-股各地大办硅整流器厂的热潮,目前全国大大小小的制造硅整流器的半导体厂家就是那时的产物。High-power indust
9、rial power is provided by (50 hz) power frequency ac generators, but about 20% of electricity consumption in the form of dc, one of the most typical is the electrolysis (non-ferrous metal and chemical raw materials need to dc solution), traction, electric scooter, electric drive the internal combust
10、ion engine car city, metro locomotives, trolley buses, etc.) and dc transmission (rolling, papermaking, etc.) the three areas. High-power silicon rectifier can effectively put the alternating current into direct current (dc) power frequency, therefore in the 60 s and seventy s, the development and a
11、pplication of high power silicon rectifier and brake pipe to great development. Was raised - used to domestic DaBan silicon rectifier plant around the boom, at present the national greatly small manufacturing silicon rectifier semiconductor manufacturers is the product of at that time.1.2 逆变器时代1.2 i
12、nverter era七十年代出现了世界范围的能源危机,交流电机变频惆速因节能效果显著而迅速发展。变频调速的关键技术是将直流电逆变为0100Hz的交流电。在七十年代到八十年代,随着变频调速装置的普及,大功率逆变用的晶闸管、巨型功率晶体管(GTR)和门极可关断晶闸管(GT0)成为当时电力电子器件的主角。类似的应用还包括高压直流输出,静止式无功功率动态补偿等。这时的电力电子技术已经能够实现整流和逆变,但工作频率较低,仅局限在中低频范围内。Appeared in the seventy s a worldwide energy crisis, the ac motor variable freque
13、ncy Radcliffe speed rapid development because of the energy saving effect is remarkable. The key technology of variable frequency speed regulation is to direct current (dc) of 0 100 hz ac inverter. In the seventy s and seventy s, with the popularity of variable frequency speed regulating device, pow
14、er inverter with thyristor, giant transistor (GTR) power and gate turn off thyristor (GT0) was cast in the role of power electronics device. Similar applications include high voltage dc output, static reactive power dynamic compensation etc. At this time of the power electronic technology has been a
15、ble to realize rectifier and inverter, but working frequency is low, limited in the low-frequency range.1.3 变频器时代1.3 inverter era进入八十年代,大规模和超大规模集成电路技术的迅猛发展,为现代电力电子技术的发展奠定了基础。将集成电路技术的精细加工技术和高压大电流技术有机结合,出现了一批全新的全控型功率器件、首先是功率M0SFET的问世,导致了中小功率电源向高频化发展,而后绝缘门极双极晶体管(IGBT)的出现,又为大中型功率电源向高频发展带来机遇。MOSFET和IGBT的
16、相继问世,是传统的电力电子向现代电力电子转化的标志。据统计,到1995年底,功率M0SFET和GTR在功率半导体器件市场上已达到平分秋色的地步,而用IGBT代替GTR在电力电子领域巳成定论。新型器件的发展不仅为交流电机变频调速提供了较高的频率,使其性能更加完善可靠,而且使现代电子技术不断向高频化发展,为用电设备的高效节材节能,实现小型轻量化,机电一体化和智能化提供了重要的技术基础。Into the eighty s, large scale and very large scale integrated circuit technology rapid development, laid th
17、e groundwork for the development of modern power electronic technology. Fine processing technology and integrated circuit technology will combine high voltage large current technology, appeared a batch of new type all control the power device, the first is the advent of power M0SFET, led to the smal
18、l and medium-sized power sources to the development of high frequency, and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), and high frequency development opportunity for the large and medium-sized power sources. Thereafter, MOSFET and IGBT of power electronics is the traditional to the modern power electr
19、onic transformation. According to statistics, by the end of 1995, power M0SFET and GTR in power semiconductor devices on the market has reached the point of vie, and replace GTR with IGBT have been established in the field of power electronics. The development of the new device not only provides a h
20、igh frequency ac motor frequency control of motor speed, make its function more perfect and reliable, and makes the development of modern electronic technology constantly to high frequency change, for efficient energy saving, material saving of electrical equipment to achieve small, lightweight, mec
21、hanical and electrical integration and intelligentization provides important technical foundation.2. 现代电力电子的应用领域2. The application field of modern power electronics2.1 计算机高效率绿色电源2.1 computer efficient green power supply高速发展的计算机技术带领人类进入了信息社会,同时也促进了电源技术的迅速发展。八十年代,计算机全面采用了开关电源,率先完成计算机电源换代。接着开关电源技术相继进人了
22、电子、电器设备领域。Rapid development of computer technology bring human into the information society, but also promoted the rapid development of power technology. In the eighty s, the computer fully used the switching power supply, take the lead in complete machine power generation. Then switch power technol
23、ogy successively in the area of electronics, electrical equipment.计算机技术的发展,提出绿色电脑和绿色电源。绿色电脑泛指对环境无害的个人电脑和相关产品，绿色电源系指与绿色电脑相关的高效省电电源,根据美国环境保护署l992年6月17日“能源之星计划规定,桌上型个人电脑或相关的外围设备,在睡眠状态下的耗电量若小于30瓦,就符合绿色电脑的要求,提高电源效率是降低电源消耗的根本途径。就目前效率为75%的200瓦开关电源而言,电源自身要消耗50瓦的能源。The development of computer technology, the
24、 computer put forward green and green power supply. Green computer refers to personal computers and related products is harmless to the environment, green power refers to the green computer related efficiently save electricity power supply, according to the U.S. environmental protection agency (epa)
25、 in l992 on June 17, energy star program, desktop personal computers or related peripheral equipment, the power consumption in the sleep state, if less than 30 watts, accord with the requirement of green computer, improve the efficiency of power supply is the fundamental way to reduce the consumptio
26、n of power. Current efficiency is 75% of 200 w switching power supply, power supply itself consumes 50 watts of energy.2.2 通信用高频开关电源2.2 communication of high frequency switching power supply通信业的迅速发展极大的推动了通信电源的发展。高频小型化的开关电源及其技术已成为现代通信供电系统的主流。在通信领域中,通常将整流器称为一次电源,而将直流-直流(DC/DC)变换器称为二次电源。一次电源的作用是将单相或三相交
27、流电网变换成标称值为48V的直流电源。目前在程控交换机用的一次电源中,传统的相控式稳压电源己被高频开关电源取代,高频开关电源(也称为开关型整流器SMR)通过MOSFET或IGBT的高频工作,开关频率一般控制在50-100kHz范围内,实现高效率和小型化。近几年,开关整流器的功率容量不断扩大,单机容量己从48V/12.5A、48V/20A扩大到48V/200A、48V/400A。Telecommunication industry has been heavily promoted by the rapid development of the development of communicat
28、ion power supply. High-frequency miniaturization of switch power supply and its technology has become the mainstream of modern communication power supply system. In the field of communication, often will be called a rectifier power supply, and DC - DC (DC/DC) converter referred to as the secondary p
29、ower supply. Is the role of a power single-phase or three-phase ac power grid transformation into a nominal value of 48 v dc power supply. In SPC exchange with a power supply at present, the traditional phased type regulated power supply has replaced by the high frequency switching power supply, hig
30、h-frequency switching power supply (also known as switch mode rectifier SMR) by MOSFET and IGBT high frequency work, general control switch frequency in 50-100 KHZ range, to achieve high efficiency and miniaturization. Expands unceasingly in recent years, the power switch rectifier capacity, capacit
31、y of f from 48 v / 12.5 A 48 v / 20 A, extended to the 48 v / 200 A, 48 v / 400 A.因通信设备中所用集成电路的种类繁多,其电源电压也各不相同,在通信供电系统中采用高功率密度的高频DC-DC隔离电源模块,从中间母线电压(一般为48V直流)变换成所需的各种直流电压,这样可大大减小损耗、方便维护,且安装、增加非常方便。一般都可直接装在标准控制板上,对二次电源的要求是高功率密度。因通信容量的不断增加,通信电源容量也将不断增加。Because there are many types of integrated circui
32、t used in communication equipment, the power supply voltage is also each are not identical, in the communication power supply system with high power density of the high frequency DC - DC isolation power supply module, from the middle busbar voltage (generally of 48 v DC) into the various DC voltages
33、, it can greatly reduce the loss, convenient maintenance, and installation, increase is very convenient. Generally can be directly mounted in the standard control panel, the secondary power supply requirements is high power density. Because of communication increasing, the capacity of communication power supply capacity wi
